Maternal protein metabolism fetal proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP), the most abundant protein in the eosinophil specific granule, is synthesized by the placenta and secreted into the maternal circulation, where it is found complex-bound to pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and other proteins. (nih.gov)
The effects of routine supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes have not been investigated in the Middle East, where hypovitaminosis D is prevalent. (who.int)
Pregnancy is characterized by physiologic changes in mineral metabolism, to allow calcium accretion in the fetal skeleton [ 1-3] . (who.int)
Indeed, it is in anticipation to such requirements that maternal calcitriol levels increase during pregnancy. (who.int)
Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the adaptations that take place during pregnancy that enable the accommodation of the developing embryo and fetus. (wikipedia.org)
During pregnancy numerous hormones and proteins are secreted that also have a broad range of effects. (wikipedia.org)
The fetal skeleton requires approximately 30 grams of calcium by the end of pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
In the USA, while fetal exposure to tobacco decreases, cannabis use during pregnancy rises along with the enhanced perception that there are no risks with cannabis consumption during pregnancy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, it is critically needed during periods of rapid growth, such as during pregnancy and fetal development. (encyclopedia.pub)
This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
You see, the body is amazing, and during pregnancy metabolism shifts to allow for things like FAT DEPOSITING. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
The idea, biologically, is to begin storing body fat to be used later in pregnancy (you may have heard me say before that in pregnancy we are preparing for preparing) when the metabolism shifts again. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
Nutritions taken during pregnancy can have significant and lasting effects on maternal and newborn health. (beneficialplant.com)
Structure-activity features of the protein were characterized, and functional studies predict bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2 as an inducible, extra-cellular, non-essential, N-glycosylated, aspartic pro-endopeptidase that is involved in down-regulation of complement pathway and immunity during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Also known as pregnancy specific protein-B (PSPB) or pregnancy specific protein (PSP)-60, these are putatively known to act as immunosuppressants that allow the immunological acceptance of the embryo by the dam. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetus-derived DLK1 is required for maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and is associated with fetal growth restriction. (ucdenver.edu)

The placenta also produces human placental lactogen (hPL), which stimulates maternal lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Tumour the fetus via the maternal circulation utero, but when the reactive metab multiplicity rises to a maximum in must have crossed the placenta, and olites formed in maternal tissues are offspring exposed at approximate consequently are generally referred too unstable to circulate in the mater ly 21 days of gestation, a few days to as transplacental carcinogens. (who.int)
Lipophilic drugs tend to diffuse readily across the placenta and enter the fetal circulation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
If high enough maternal-fetal concentration gradients are achieved, polar compounds cross the placenta in measurable amounts. (basicmedicalkey.com)
For example, a variety of maternal antibodies cross the placenta and may cause fetal morbidity, as in Rh incompatibility. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Mammalian target of rapamycin in the human placenta regulates leucine transport and is down-regulated in restricted fetal growth. (ucdenver.edu)
Human placental transport in altered fetal growth: does the placenta function as a nutrient sensor? (ucdenver.edu)
Triglyceride hydrolase activities and expression of fatty acid binding proteins in the human placenta in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and diabetes. (ucdenver.edu)
Glucose metabolism in the human preterm and term placenta of IUGR fetuses. (ucdenver.edu)

The fetal-placental unit secretes steroid hormones and proteins that alter the function of various maternal endocrine glands. (wikipedia.org)
Factors that cause a low incidence of tumours in offspring after birth, compared contribute to fetal susceptibility to near the end of gestation, in offspring with the incidence and multiplicity of these agents include maternal, pla that were exposed trans placental y. the same types of tumours in their cental, and fetal metabolism, the im This pattern can be seen in the directly exposed mothers. (who.int)
Recent work has documented that this agent is effluxed from the fetal circulation by the BCRP transporter as well as by the MRP3 transporter located in the placental brush border membrane. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Cannabis consumption by pregnant women continues to increase worldwide, raising concerns about adverse effects on fetal growth and deleterious impacts on the newborn, in connection with evidence of placental transfer of cannabis compound. (biomedcentral.com)
IGFBP-1 is elevated in the fetal circulation of human and animal pregnancies complicated by IUGR caused by placental insufficiency and in utero hypoxia and is believed to restrict fetal growth by sequestering IGFs. (ox.ac.uk)
The presence of the products of binucleate cells in maternal circulation has also been correlated with placentogenesis and placental re-modeling. (biomedcentral.com)
Down-regulation of placental transport of amino acids precedes the development of intrauterine growth restriction in rats fed a low protein diet. (ucdenver.edu)
Human placental taurine transporter in uncomplicated and IUGR pregnancies: cellular localization, protein expression, and regulation. (ucdenver.edu)
Placental nutrient transfer and fetal growth. (ucdenver.edu)
Placental transport and metabolism in fetal overgrowth -- a workshop report. (ucdenver.edu)
Reduced placental amino acid transport in response to maternal nutrient restriction in the baboon. (ucdenver.edu)
Down-Regulation of Placental Transport of Amino Acids Precedes the Development of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Maternal Nutrient Restricted Baboons. (ucdenver.edu)
Maternal folate deficiency causes inhibition of mTOR signaling, down-regulation of placental amino acid transporters and fetal growth restriction in mice. (ucdenver.edu)
Alterations in placental long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in human intrauterine growth restriction. (ucdenver.edu)
Fetal bilirubin is cleared from the circulation by placental transfer into the mother's plasma following a concentration gradient. (msdmanuals.com)

We examined the potential of proMBP as a maternal serum marker for fetal Down syndrome (DS) by determining its maternal serum concentration (MSpMBP) in 25 Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies and 152 control pregnancies in the first trimester, and in 105 DS pregnancies and 156 control pregnancies in the second trimester. (nih.gov)
Maternal 25(OH)D and chemistries will be assessed at study entry, during the third trimester and at delivery. (who.int)
These changes start in the first trimester, and culminate during the third trimester, a period during which fetal calcium requirements increase exponentially [2] . (who.int)
But no study has been done directly associating MCT oil/Coconut oil consumption by trimester with changes in fetal growth/development or negative maternal outcomes. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
In the third trimester her metabolism does a 180 and becomes catabolic. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
Hepatocytes were isolated from second-trimester human fetal livers (n = 7) and purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation. (ox.ac.uk)

For example, the P-glycoprotein transporter encoded by the MDR1 gene pumps back into the maternal circulation a variety of drugs, including cancer drugs (eg, vinblastine, doxorubicin) and other agents. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Aged or damaged fetal red blood cells are removed from the circulation by reticuloendothelial cells, which convert heme to bilirubin (1 g of hemoglobin yields 35 mg of bilirubin). (msdmanuals.com)
free (unconjugated) bilirubin is then reabsorbed from the intestinal tract and re-enters the fetal circulation. (msdmanuals.com)

ENU during the final week of gestat the rapidly changing patterns of gene In both the fetus and the pregnant ion is approximately 50 times that of expression in fetal target tissues, female rat, the target organ for single the mother. (who.int)
The protein is also predicted to be involved in nutritional processes, and apoptotic processes underlying fetal morphogenesis and re-modeling of feto-maternal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

This mode of action dictates the use of an internal dose measure in the risk assessment that is indicative of fetal iodide status, such as cumulative iodide concentration (area-under-the-curve or AUC) for iodide in fetal blood. (cdc.gov)

1993). In addition, maternal alcohol consumption during gestation is known to cause fetal growth retardation in humans and laboratory animals (Lin, 1991), an effect persisting for a long period affect parturition (Oyama et al . (scialert.net)

Early gestational protein restriction alters carcass traits, appetite and gene expression. (qsml.com.au)
It can also decrease maternal tissue sensitivity to insulin, resulting in gestational diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
We hypothesize that BM antioxidants are adapted to gestational age and are negatively influenced by maternal age. (mdpi.com)

By maintaining maternal euglycemia, such pregnancies were able to continue into term and resulted in a reduction in complications related to prematurity, including respiratory distress syndrome. (beneficialplant.com)
Activity and protein expression of Na+/K+ ATPase are reduced in microvillous syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes isolated from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. (ucdenver.edu)
Activity and protein expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger is reduced in syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes isolated from preterm intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies. (ucdenver.edu)

Early protein restriction reduced fetal organ development in a sex and time dependent manner. (qsml.com.au)
Similarly hepatic gene expression of factors regulating growth and metabolism were reduced by protein restriction in a sex specific manner. (qsml.com.au)
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can be a consequence of decreased uterine blood flow (uteroplacental insufficiency) and maternal and fetal hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)

The effects of gender and alcohol consumption on serum enzymes, protein and bilirubin in heavy, moderate and non-drinkers were investigated. (scialert.net)
Whole blood was taken via puncture of the cubical vein and serum protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin concentrations were determined using Synchron CX 5 autoanalyzer. (scialert.net)
Serum protein, albumin and bilirubin levels were significantly different in both male and female heavy and moderate drinkers. (scialert.net)
Serum protein, albumin and bilirubin levels were impaired by alcohol consumption in both males and females and may provide additional information in the diagnosis and management of alcoholism. (scialert.net)
Hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) perform the liver's metabolic functions: Formation and excretion of bile as a component of bilirubin metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
The maternal liver then conjugates and excretes the fetal bilirubin. (msdmanuals.com)

Maternal total serum calcium decreases due to maternal hypoalbuminemia, but the ionized calcium levels are maintained. (wikipedia.org)

Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. (biomedcentral.com)

This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
In this study, we developed a protocol to establish highly pure primary cultures of human fetal hepatocytes in vitro and investigated their expression of IGFBP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein and the effects of hypoxia on their expression of IGFBP-1 mRNA and protein. (ox.ac.uk)
IGFBP-1 protein in conditioned medium (CM) was measured by immunoradiometric assay and increased 3- to 4-fold under hypoxic (2% O2), compared with normoxic, conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
This study demonstrates that human fetal hepatocytes can be cultured in defined medium, as primary cultures with high purity, and that they express IGFBP-1 mRNA and secrete IGFBP-1 protein in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, the data demonstrate that hypoxia up-regulates fetal hepatocyte IGFBP-1 mRNA steady-state levels and protein, with this being the major IGFBP derived from the fetal hepatocyte. (ox.ac.uk)
The data support a role for the fetal liver as a source of elevated circulating levels of IGFBP-1 in fetuses with in utero hypoxia and IUGR. (ox.ac.uk)
IUGR Is Associated With Marked Hyperphosphorylation of Decidual and Maternal Plasma IGFBP-1. (ucdenver.edu)

The fetal testis, whose endocrine function orchestrates the masculinization of many distant organs, is particularly sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)

Zinc is essential for normal fetal growth and development and is a component of more than 200 enzymes involved in the formation and release of various proteins, hormones, and neuropeptides. (beneficialplant.com)
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are key elements in fetal growth. (ox.ac.uk)
Aberrant fetal growth, for example in diabetes, is only now beginning to be understood]. (ucdenver.edu)

As shown in both animals and humans, insufficient maternal zinc intake leads to a decrease in circulating zinc levels, which can adversely affect fetal neural tube development. (beneficialplant.com)
In humans, it has been found that the risk of neural tube defects is increased in women with acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare genetic disorder of zinc metabolism. (beneficialplant.com)

We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Severe zinc deficiency is embryotoxic and teratogenic and can cause fatal fetal developmental and structural anomalies. (beneficialplant.com)
Proteomics analysis of biological samples has the potential to identify novel protein expression patterns and/or changes in protein expression patterns in different developmental or disease states. (peertechzpublications.com)

This means her body begins to breakdown stored nutrition (iron, sugars, proteins, etc...) for fuel as the demand for fetal development increases before delivery. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
Vitamin B6 is needed for the proper function of sugars, fats, and proteins in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Hepatocyte cultures were characterized by immunocytochemistry and were compared with hepatocytes in situ in human fetal liver tissue, by immunohistochemistry, using specific antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence. (ox.ac.uk)

Heifer protein supplementation during lactation increased carcass muscle in the adult bull progeny. (qsml.com.au)
In order to establish adequate vitamin supplementation, various conditions should be considered, such as metabolism, nutrition and genetic elements. (encyclopedia.pub)

The degree to which a drug is bound to plasma proteins (particularly albumin) may also affect the rate of transfer and the amount transferred. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The technology has emerged in numerous fields of research, including fetal medicine aiming to facilitate the understanding of fetal disease pathophysiology and discovery of predictive biomarkers [2]. (peertechzpublications.com)

Maternal alcohol consumption affects different organs and systems of the developing fetus (Dencker and Eriksson, 1998). (scialert.net)
Similarly, viral protease inhibitors, which are substrates to P-glycoprotein, achieve only low fetal concentrations-an effect that may increase the risk of vertical HIV infection from the mother to the fetus. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In a cohort study involving approximately 250,000 women in China, maternal intake of 0.4 mg of folic acid was shown to reduce the risk of NTD in the fetus by 85% in high-prevalence regions and 40% in low-prevalence regions.The use of folic acid antagonist drugs, which cause inhibition of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme, increases the frequency of CHD. (beneficialplant.com)

Fetal skeletal formation and then later lactation challenges the maternal body to maintain their calcium levels. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, tetra-hydrofolate plays an important role in the metabolism of the one-carbon units involved in the epigenetic regulation of transcription which underlies development. (encyclopedia.pub)

It has been shown that maternal zinc deficiency can affect embryonic protein and DNA synthesis and cause chromosomal damage characterized by terminal deletion. (beneficialplant.com)

These are normal physiological adaptations that cause changes in behavior, the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, metabolism including increases in blood sugar levels, kidney function, posture, and breathing. (wikipedia.org)

Because maternal blood has a pH of 7.4 whereas the fetal blood is 7.3, basic drugs with a pKa above 7.4 will be more ionized in the fetal compartment, leading to ion trapping and, hence, to higher fetal levels (see Chapter 1 , Ionization of Weak Acids and Weak Bases). (basicmedicalkey.com)

If maternal diabetes is longstanding or associated with known microvascular disease, obtain a baseline maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram. (medscape.com)

The available data best support the hypothesis that the fetal effects were likely associated with modulation of the thyroid hormones by iodide during development. (cdc.gov)

98.8%) also contributes to lower fetal levels as compared with maternal concentrations. (basicmedicalkey.com)

A PSI-BLAST (Position Specific Iterated-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) [ 7 ] search with default parameters was performed against the Protein Data Bank (PDB) to find a suitable template for homology modeling. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies have indicated that exposures to methyl iodide (MeI) produce a number of effects in laboratory animals, including fetal toxicity, neurotoxicity, and degeneration of the nasal epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Recent studies have indicated that exposures to methyl based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, and evaluat- iodide (MeI) produce a number of effects in laboratory ani- ing the relevance of the observations in animals to human mals, including fetal toxicity, neurotoxicity, and degenera- health. (cdc.gov)

Folic acid (vitamin B9) is an essential nutrient required for the synthesis of nucleic acids and heme group, and for protein metabolism. (encyclopedia.pub)
Often altered expression of a gene is not always causally related to a phenotype or a process and so a change in transcription is not always followed by protein synthesis. (peertechzpublications.com)

Our study is the first to evidence the presence of the ECS in the human fetal testis and to highlight the potential adverse effect of cannabis consumption by pregnant women onto the development of the male gonad. (biomedcentral.com)
This is important for both maternal function and fetal development. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)

It consists of general approaches on molecules (such as genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites) of which a cell, tissue or organism is made. (peertechzpublications.com)

The structural and functional annotation of bu PAG2 shall allow the designing of mutants and inhibitors for dissection of the exact physiological role of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)

In this context, we aimed to determine whether cannabis exposure has the potential to directly impact the human fetal testis. (biomedcentral.com)

Given the availability of 3D structures of these homologous proteins, the prediction of PAG structure from its amino acid sequence at high confidence levels is implicit. (biomedcentral.com)
Although homology-modeled structures may often not be accurate enough to allow characterization of protein-protein or protein-inhibitor interactions at the atomic level, they can suggest which sequence regions or individual amino acids are essential functional components of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)

In the absence of experimentally determined protein structures, a homology-based model may serve as a good starting point for investigation of sequence-structure-function relationships. (biomedcentral.com)

2008. A plant virus movement protein forms ringlike complexes with the major nucleolar protein, fibrillarin, in vitro . (hutton.ac.uk)

We demonstrate the presence in the human fetal testis of two key endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and to a lower level anandamide (AEA), as well as a range of enzymes and receptors for the ECS. (biomedcentral.com)

which may render the genetic mate doses of NDMA is the kidney, but a Transplacental carcinogenesis rial of fetal cells highly accessible to much lower incidence of tumours is stu dies with ENU in nonhuman pri carcinogens. (who.int)
Recently, the use of metabolomics permitted to discover significant differences in 70 proteins within the trophoblastic cells of women with pre-eclampsia when compared with healthy control women. (peertechzpublications.com)
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Promotes the Expression of Genes Encoding Electron Transport Chain Proteins and Stimulates Oxidative Phosphorylation in Primary Human Trophoblast Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis. (ucdenver.edu)

Confidence in these modes of action is considered low for the neurotoxic effects, medium for the nasal effects, and high for the fetal effects. (cdc.gov)

Zinc can inhibit the oxidation of numerous proteins, including zinc finger transcription factors of redox-sensitive cysteine and sulfhydryl groups. (beneficialplant.com)

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistence of the fetal connection (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and pulmonary artery after birth. (msdmanuals.com)

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