• Pregnancy increases the need for iodine, and what was barely sufficient becomes inadequate. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • If we find a mechanism for the deficits, we can use it to raise public awareness of the need for good iodine nutrition during pregnancy, and to test potential interventions. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for iodine is 150 µg/day (2.1 µg/kg/day for a 70-kg adult), with additional allowances of 25 and 50 µg/day during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • What is the research basis for the need for iodine supplementation during pregnancy? (cdc.gov)
  • During pregnancy, both the mother and the baby produce their own thyroid hormones, but the baby is dependent on the mother for adequate ingestion of iodine. (cdc.gov)
  • Uncorrected thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy has adverse effects on fetal and maternal well-being. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to an increase in thyroxine binding globulin, an increase in placental type 3 deioidinase and the placental transfer of maternal thyroxine to the fetus, the demand for thyroid hormones is increased during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fetal thyroxine is wholly obtained from maternal sources in early pregnancy since the fetal thyroid gland only becomes functional in the second trimester of gestation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In pregnancy, iodide losses through the urine and the feto-placental unit contribute to a state of relative iodine deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • A daily iodine intake of 250 µg is recommended in pregnancy but this is not always achieved even in iodine sufficient parts of the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maternal complications such as miscarriages, anaemia in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, abruptio placenta and postpartum haemorrhage can occur in pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iodine deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women worldwide due to the increased demand for iodine and the additional renal excretion of iodine during pregnancy. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is worth noting that both inadequate and excessive iodine exposure during pregnancy can affect thyroid function and consequently lead to adverse outcomes for the mother as well as the fetus ( 2 - 4 ).Therefore, iodine nutrition during pregnancy has been recognized as a worldwide public health concern. (frontiersin.org)
  • Maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy can result in maternal and fetal hypothyroidism, as well as miscarriage, preterm birth, and neurological impairments in offspring. (oregonstate.edu)
  • During pregnancy and lactation, the fetus and infant are entirely reliant on maternal iodine intake for thyroid hormone synthesis . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Also in 2013, the World Bank estimated that maternal mortality ratio (women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination) was at 23 per 100 000 childbirths. (transparency.ge)
  • Factors contributing to high maternal and child mortality are closely related, among other issues, to maternal health during pregnancy, childbearing conditions and circumstances occurred within the first hours or a week after childbirth. (transparency.ge)
  • The conditions of stationary medical institutions and birth centers, and the quality of services provided are significant contributing factors, along with issues related to maternal nutrition during pregnancy. (transparency.ge)
  • These factors include iron-deficiency anemia, defects caused by folic acid deficiency, maternal malnutrition pre-pregnancy and folic deficiency, maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and low weight of infants at birth. (transparency.ge)
  • Purpose: To highlight the potential benefits of maternal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other important complimentary nutrients, including vitamin D, folic acid and iodine during pregnancy and/or breast feeding for foetal and/or infant brain development and/or function. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Reports were selected if they included benefits and harms of maternal supplementation of DHA, vitamin D, folic acid or iodine supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Simultaneous exposure to multiple sources of iodine should be avoided during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of neonatal hypothyroidism. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Nutritional status prior to and during pregnancy influences growth and development of the foetus and general maternal health. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • In addition to folate, vitamin D and iodine are important micronutrients during pregnancy for foetal brain and skeletal development. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • In pregnancy, anemia can increase the risk of maternal and child mortality, complications during childbirth, and poor fetal development. (worldhunger.org)
  • Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA et al (2017) 2017 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • There have been case reports of congenital hypothyroidism induced by excess maternal iodine ingestion during pregnancy outside the setting of Graves disease. (medscape.com)
  • So what do we know about Iodine during pregnancy? (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • That being said, Iodine is also important during a woman's pregnancy for not only the mother but the baby. (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • approach and will help you find ways to incorporate Iodine as well as other essential nutrients into you diet to optimize your nutrition during pregnancy. (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • Radioactive iodine (diagnostic or therapeutic) and iodide solutions are contraindicated during pregnancy because of adverse effects on the fetal thyroid gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We assessed the associations of maternal serum PFAS concentrations measured during pregnancy with maternal (n = 185) and cord (n = 256) sera thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) using two mixture modeling approaches (Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation) and multivariable linear regression. (nih.gov)
  • Maternal iodine intake, thyroid function in pregnancy and executive function of children at 6 years of age. (crf.org.au)
  • The objective of this study was to ascertain the iodine levels of women in the second trimester of pregnancy, analysing the influence of iodine ingestion on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and maternal thyroid function. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) developed a system for classifying iodine deficiency based upon the median urinary iodine concentration in a population (See Table 1. (medscape.com)
  • Both serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAB), and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were detected. (frontiersin.org)
  • About 90% of dietary iodine is excreted in urine and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is considered a reliable indicator of recent iodine intake. (frontiersin.org)
  • NHANES measured urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in a 1/3 subsample of examined participants aged 6 years and over, including pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insufficient iodine intake impairs the production of thyroid hormones, leading to a condition called hypothyroidism . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Iodine deficiency-induced hypothyroidism has adverse effects in all stages of development but is most damaging to the developing brain. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In iodine-sufficient adults, long-term iodine intake above the tolerable upper intake level ( UL ) of 1,100 μg/day may increase the risk of thyroid disorders, including iodine-induced goiter and hypothyroidism. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Recent neonatal hypercalcaemia and congenital hypothyroidism cases have sparked a review of vitamin D and iodine containing supplements for pregnant women. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Nutrivigilance, a nutritional monitoring system utilised by ANSES, identified five cases of neonatal hypercalcemia and two of congenital hypothyroidism likely to have arisen from maternal consumption of food supplements. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Similarly, for the case of hypothyroidism related to an iodized overload, the dietary supplement was not the sole source of iodine ​," the agency added. (nutraingredients.com)
  • [ 6 ] On the other hand, in Japan, it has been reported that administration of inorganic iodine to pregnant women with Graves disease did not cause hypothyroidism in almost all of their fetuses. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] Studies of the administration of inorganic iodine during breastfeeding found that when lactating mothers with euthyroidism received overdoses of iodine, preterm newborn infants and neonates ingested excessive levels of iodine through the breast milk and developed hypothyroidism. (medscape.com)
  • The most common causes of maternal hypothyroidism are Hashimoto thyroiditis Hashimoto Thyroiditis and treatment of Graves disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additional sources of iodine in milk derive from the use of iodine disinfectants on cows, milking machines, and other milk processing equipment, as well as from supplementation of dairy feed with iodine-containing compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary sources of iodine in the U.S. diet include dairy products, eggs and breads, but iodine concentrations are variable. (cdc.gov)
  • This review highlights the history of the discovery of iodine and its uses, discusses the sources of iodine nutrition, and summarizes the current recommendations for iodine intake with a focus on women of childbearing age. (mdpi.com)
  • Other dietary sources of iodine include milk, egg yolks, and saltwater fish. (medscape.com)
  • Further work needs to be done to raise awareness of the need for women with obesity to supplement both with a higher dose of folic acid and vitamin D, and to be aware of the role of iodine, researchers say. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Maternal age was positively associated with taking supplements of any kind and taking the 5 mg folic acid supplement, whilst parity was inversely associated with both outcomes. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Of the women not supplementing with iodine in the present study, only 6 women (16%) met the RNI from dietary intakes, which the authors say give possible cause for concern as iodine supplements are not currently recommended in the UK, and unlike vitamin D and folic acid, iodine is not included in the NHS Healthy Start vitamins that are available free of charge to low-income women in the UK. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • This has obvious implications because mild gestational iodine deficiency is relatively common, even in areas where the non-pregnant population has enough, and there is little awareness and no routine testing. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • Our project will impose mild iodine deficiency on pregnant mice, testing their offspring for levels of neurofilament production, the structure of fast fibres in the brain, and fine sensory discrimination. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) (the average amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets the daily nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people) of iodine is higher for women when they are pregnant or breastfeeding in order to support proper fetal or infant growth and neurological development. (cdc.gov)
  • If a pregnant or breastfeeding woman is deficient in iodine, the fetus or infant may be at risk for iodine deficiency and associated cognitive and psychomotor impairments. (cdc.gov)
  • Normal dietary iodine intake is between 90-150 mcg/day (higher in pregnant and lactating women). (medscape.com)
  • The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for iodine in adult men and women is 150 μg per day and higher for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding at 220ug. (cdc.gov)
  • Most U.S. iodine-containing multivitamins marketed for non-pregnant adults have at least 150 μg iodine, but only about 60% of prenatal multivitamins in the U.S. contain iodine. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, pregnant women require additional iodine intake. (wikipedia.org)
  • To assess the iodine status and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai. (frontiersin.org)
  • The median UIC of the pregnant women studied was 158.25µg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 90.15, 245.65µg/L). Among all the subjects, 45.55% had iodine deficiency according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and 15.65% had thyroid autoimmunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pregnant women on Chongming Island of Shanghai were iodine sufficient during the second trimester, but iodine deficiency was still prevalent. (frontiersin.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a daily iodine intake of 250μg for pregnant women ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Shanghai is a coastal city where there is an epidemic of iodine deficiency disorders among pregnant women ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • According to a recent epidemiological study in Shanghai, 68.9% of the pregnant women had UICs below 150μg/L, most of which were mild iodine deficiency ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As far as we know, no relevant article has reported or analyzed the iodine nutrition of pregnant women on Chongming Island. (frontiersin.org)
  • Even in areas with voluntary/mandatory iodization programs and in iodine- replete countries, pregnant women, lactating mothers, and young infants are among the most vulnerable to iodine deficiency due to their special requirements during these life stages. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA ) for iodine intake is 150 micrograms (μg)/day in adults, 220 μg/day in pregnant women, and 290 μg/day in breast-feeding women. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Urinary iodine data was then pooled from all pregnant women in survey cycle 2009-2012 in this special dataset to facilitate analysis related to maternal iodine status. (cdc.gov)
  • The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is 220 mcg/d of iodine for pregnant women. (medscape.com)
  • Long-term dietary iodine replacement at levels recommended by IOM and WHO may decrease the size of iodine-deficient goiters in very young children and pregnant women and is indicated for all patients with iodine deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] In daily clinical practice, inorganic iodine may be administered to pregnant and lactating women with Graves disease for whom adverse reactions preclude the use of antithyroid drugs. (medscape.com)
  • How much Iodine should pregnant women consume daily? (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • According to current recommendations, pregnant mothers should consume 220 mcg of Iodine per day. (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: Iodine deficiency is linked to thyroid dysfunction, particularly in pregnant women. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant women studied from Health Area IV in Asturias maintain adequate nutritional iodine status in the second trimester of gestation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most of the women used iodine supplements, which was linked to higher levels of TSH in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • The articles show that pregnant vegetarians are more susceptible to nutrient deficiency - mainly vitamin B12, iron, zinc and iodine. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tasmania has a long history of health concerns about iodine nutrition. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • therefore, all women should check the nutrition label or speak with their health care provider about whether their multivitamin supplement or prenatal vitamin contains enough iodine. (cdc.gov)
  • Data collected in the United States by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I) for the years 1971-1974 showed that the median urinary iodine level was 320 mcg/L, reflecting adequate dietary iodine intake. (medscape.com)
  • Iodine deficiency disorder prevention and control by 7 strategies including Policy advocacy, Universal salt iodization, iodine nutrition surveillance, additional measures, capacity building. (who.int)
  • Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost? (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Optimal iodine nutrition status during gestation was important. (frontiersin.org)
  • Meanwhile, community physicians did not conduct iodine nutrition education among the residents. (frontiersin.org)
  • Her story, while not common, was heartening for the visitors who were on their way to Addis Ababa to help launch the Maternal and Newborn Health and Nutrition Projec t to improve and expand services in the region of Afar. (nutritionintl.org)
  • Maria Makrides is an international leader in maternal-infant nutrition, with a focus on optimising the cognition, growth and immune development of children. (science.org.au)
  • FANTA aimed to improve the health and well-being of vulnerable groups through technical support in the areas of maternal and child health and nutrition in development and emergency contexts, HIV and other infectious diseases, food security and livelihood strengthening, agriculture and nutrition linkages, and emergency assistance in nutrition crises. (fantaproject.org)
  • The survey was designed to provide information on fertility trends, family planning knowledge and use, early childhood mortality, various indicators of maternal and child health and nutrition, HIV/AIDS, adult and maternal mortality, and malaria control programme indicators. (uct.ac.za)
  • In our sample, only the consumption of iodised salt was associated with adequate iodine nutrition, without affecting maternal thyroid function. (bvsalud.org)
  • As thyroxine is essential for fetal neurodevelopment it is critical that maternal delivery of thyroxine to the fetus is ensured early in gestation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, maternal ILC2s promote fetal growth and protect against fetal mortality upon systemic endotoxin challenge. (elifesciences.org)
  • Iodine Deficiency and Educational Outcomes in Cameroon: Testing the Fetal Origins Hypothesis. (unu.edu)
  • Although breast milk contains iodine, concentrations can vary based on maternal iodine levels. (cdc.gov)
  • goat milk typically has higher concentrations of iodine than cow milk for equal deposition on feed. (cdc.gov)
  • Iodine concentrations in breast milk and infant urine were measured on the same day. (medscape.com)
  • We therefore prospectively investigated thyroid function in infants of lactating mothers with Graves disease who were treated with inorganic iodine for thyrotoxicosis and simultaneously measured iodine concentrations in breast milk and infant urine. (medscape.com)
  • Maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and cord sera: The HOME Study. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, few locals were aware of the health effects of low and high iodine intakes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dairy products, grains, eggs, and poultry contribute substantially to dietary iodine intakes in the US. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Conclusion: Maternal supplementation within recommended safe intakes in populations with dietary deficiencies may prevent many brain and central nervous system malfunctions and even enhance brain development and function in their offspring. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The aim was to examine the dietary and supplementary intakes of key nutrients of interest in this population: folate, iodine and vitamin D and to investigate for any association between supplement use and key maternal demographic characteristics. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • And for vitamin D and iodine, just 56% and 44% of women met the UK RNI, respectively. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • For vitamin D and iodine, 56% and 52% of women met the UK RNI, respectively. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • For women who did not supplement with these two micronutrients, no women met the RNI for vitamin D and only 16% of women met the RNI for iodine. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Replacement of iodine is most easily achieved by requesting that the patient use iodized salt in his or her cooking and at the table or an iodine-containing daily multiple vitamin. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin A deficiency is associated with blindness, child mortality, and maternal mortality. (worldhunger.org)
  • Iodine should be in your prenatal vitamin (check now while you're thinking about it! (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • 10 mg/day in populations that regularly ingest seaweeds containing a high iodine content. (cdc.gov)
  • Our difference in difference estimates show that salt iodization significantly improved literacy rates and years of schooling completed for individuals born in high iodine deficient areas. (unu.edu)
  • As a reference point, the chronic dietary intake of iodine in U.S. populations has been estimated to range from approximately 150 to 950 µg/day. (cdc.gov)
  • Major food categories that contribute to dietary iodine include marine produce (e.g., fish and shellfish) and milk. (cdc.gov)
  • Other sources of intake derive from the use of iodine-containing topical disinfectants (e.g., povidone- iodine), iodine-containing diagnostic and therapeutic agents, dietary supplements, and water purifiers containing iodine. (cdc.gov)
  • In areas where iodine is not added to the water supply or food products meant for humans or domesticated animals, the primary sources of dietary iodine are saltwater fish, seaweed, and trace amounts in grains. (medscape.com)
  • Other major sources of dietary iodine in the United States are egg yolks, milk, and milk products because of iodine supplementation in chicken feed, the treatment of milk cows and cattle with supplemental dietary iodine to prevent hoof rot and increase fertility, and the use of iodophor cleaners by the dairy industry. (medscape.com)
  • Bread is also a significant source of dietary iodine in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • In the early 1900s, the Great Lakes, Appalachian, and northwestern regions of the United States were endemic regions for IDD, but since the iodization of salt and other foods in the 1920s, dietary iodine levels generally have been adequate. (medscape.com)
  • Seafood is an excellent source of dietary iodine. (oregonstate.edu)
  • At ODS her work presently focuses on issues of iodine nutritional status and on development of special component databases for iodine, purines, and other dietary constituents. (nih.gov)
  • Other major sources of US dietary iodine are saltwater fish, milk and milk products, and eggs. (medscape.com)
  • Her multidisciplinary research group conducts large-scale randomised controlled trials to investigate the health effects of dietary fatty acids, iron, iodine and novel dietary ingredients. (science.org.au)
  • A questionnaire on iodine intake was completed at the first visit, and urine and serum samples were collected at baseline and again during the second trimester. (bvsalud.org)
  • An adequate intake of iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormones. (cdc.gov)
  • She's specifically interested in how maternal intake of iodine and fluoride influences human milk composition and infant outcomes. (uidaho.edu)
  • Why should we make sure mothers have a healthy intake of Iodine? (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • [ 13 , 14 ] Additionally, zinc deficiency can present in full-term breastfed infants as a result of low maternal serum zinc levels or a defect in mammary zinc secretion. (medscape.com)
  • I researched into the effectiveness of early intervention comprising maternal education+child feeding interventions in reducing malnutrition in my MPhil and iodine nutritional status of adolescent school children for my MSc. (dur.ac.uk)
  • Examine basic indicators of maternal and child health and welfare in Malawi, including nutritional status, use of antenatal and maternity services, treatment of recent episodes of childhood illness, and use of immunisation services. (uct.ac.za)
  • Adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)/International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD). (medscape.com)
  • Iodine deficiency results in a range of adverse health disorders with varying degrees of severity, from thyroid gland enlargement ( goiter ) to severe physical and mental retardation known as cretinism . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The chapter also gives careful consideration to two deficiency disorders-iron-deficiency anemia and iodine deficiency disorders-that occur more commonly in females than in males. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Do infants get enough iodine from breast milk? (cdc.gov)
  • Breast milk is the primary source of iodine intake in nursing infants. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusion In Japan, where iodine intake is sufficient, administration of inorganic iodine to lactating mothers with Graves disease did not affect thyroid function in most infants despite high levels of exposure to iodine via breast milk. (medscape.com)
  • However, inorganic iodine is transferred to fetuses via the placenta and to infants via breast milk. (medscape.com)
  • Context The effects of maternal inorganic iodine therapy on infant thyroid function are not well known. (medscape.com)
  • In worst case scenarios --- Iodine deficiencies have been associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, mental disabilities, stunted growth, and difficulties with hearing and speech. (mamasmaternalhealth.com)
  • Tasmania added iodine to salt and bread, and the iodine based disinfectants used by dairies added extra to the naturally high levels in milk. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • However these disinfectants were phased out in the 1990s, and for a few years before supplementation of bread became mandatory, it was possible for Tasmanians eating a healthy diet to have only barely sufficient iodine. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • Adequate levels of iodine, a trace element variably distributed on the earth and found mostly in the soil and water of coastal areas, are required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play key roles in the metabolic processes of vertebrate life. (mdpi.com)
  • Of these, 56.7% used iodised salt, 46.7% consumed ≥2 servings of dairy products daily and 88.1% took iodine supplements. (bvsalud.org)
  • In women with autoimmune thyroid disease (n=30), mean levels of TSH were higher in those that took iodine supplements than in those that did not (respectively, 2.97±1.25mIU/l vs. 1.16±0.41mIU/l, p=0.002). (bvsalud.org)
  • Georgia has one of the highest rates of child - under-five , infant and neonatal - and maternal mortality in Europe and post-Soviet space . (transparency.ge)
  • Eligibility criteria A study was eligible for review if it reported neonatal exposure to topical iodine or maternal iodine exposure. (bmj.com)
  • A painful and deadly disease, maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) disproportionately affects areas where poverty, lack of education and inadequate health infrastructure make unhygienic birth practices more common. (kiwanis.org)
  • Both low and high gestational iodine status was related to thyroid function and autoimmunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis and/or thyroid enlargement (goiter). (medscape.com)
  • The risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is especially high in older people with multi-nodular goiter. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major health problem in Thailand, leading to visible goiter and other symptoms, especially a mental defect among sufferers. (rrh.org.au)
  • Our soil is low in iodine, for which the native Tasmanians compensated by eating seaweeds and shellfish, but European settlers growing food on Tasmanian soil experienced health problems such as goitre, and children with cretinism - permanent deficits in cognition and sensory processing - caused by a severe lack of iodine during brain development. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • Since the 1960s widespread supplementation has almost eliminated cretinism, which previously affected millions of people in iodine poor regions worldwide, and the problem is regarded as solved. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • The Thai northern and northeastern regions are endemic for IDD, due to their geographic limitation of a marine iodine source. (rrh.org.au)
  • This study consisted of a field survey performed on school children and their parents in an endemic area where an iodine supplementation program had been instituted. (rrh.org.au)
  • This village was selected because it is located in the northeastern Thailand area endemic for IDD, and it had been involved in a recent iodine supplementary program involving the distribution for use of iodised household salt. (rrh.org.au)
  • Ensuring that expectant mothers have enough iodine may eliminate a hidden blight which prevents children from achieving their potential at school, and in life. (brainfoundation.org.au)
  • A Danish study investigating the incidence of hyperthyroidism associated with Denmark's iodine fortification program found that, based on the incident use of antithyroid medication in various parts of the country, the incidence of hyperthyroidism was greater among persons who had suffered from moderate iodine deficiency than it was among those who had had only a mild deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Iodine is an element that is needed for the production of thyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • Commercial infant formula preparations are fortified with sufficient iodine to support infant health, growth, and development. (cdc.gov)
  • In Japan, inorganic iodine is empirically administered to Graves disease patients with mild hyperthyroidism and to those with a history of adverse reactions to antithyroid drugs. (medscape.com)
  • Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which play a vital role not only in various metabolic processes throughout life but also in the growth and development of the brain ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Iodine (I), a non-metallic trace element, is required by humans for the synthesis of thyroid hormones . (oregonstate.edu)
  • UIC, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) obtained in the second trimester of gestation were analysed and related to iodine intake. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thyroid accumulation of radioactive iodine ( 131 I) increases the risk of developing thyroid cancer , especially in children. (oregonstate.edu)
  • After sampling, the newborns were prophylactically given 5% povidone iodine eyedrops. (cdc.gov)
  • Not all daily or prenatal multiple vitamins contain iodine, but those that do, typically contain 150 mcg of iodine per tablet. (medscape.com)
  • Same trend is observed when infant and maternal mortality rates are compared . (transparency.ge)