• During differentiation, pluripotent cells make a number of developmental decisions to generate first the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) of the embryo and intermediate progenitors, followed by subsequent decisions or check points, giving rise to all the body's mature tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developmental biology and embryology provides the basic knowledge of the cell types' differentiation through mutation analysis, lineage tracing, embryo micro-manipulation and gene expression studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proper differentiation of the cell type of interest is verified by analyzing cell type specific markers, gene expression profile, and functional assays. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integrated transcriptomic and regulatory network analyses identify microRNA-200c as a novel repressor of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation. (edu.hk)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • One complementary therapy could be 're-activating' vasculogenesis (i.e. the differentiation of precursor cells into mature endothelial cells), a mechanism that occurs in the heart during development but is quiescent in adult hearts. (elifesciences.org)
  • In clinical practice, these involve the life-long immunosuppression of the organ transplantation patients, the creation of the supporting environment for engineered tissues in the mended organ, the unsolved issues of cell survival and differentiation of the cell-based therapy, and the selection and development of vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is a growing body of evidence which demonstrates that following ACS, microRNAs might inhibit fibroblast proliferation and scarring, as well as harmful apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and stimulate fibroblast reprogramming into induced cardiac progenitor cells. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • Our previous studies suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) axis inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in myocardial infarction (MI). (ijbs.com)
  • The present study was performed to investigate the role of miR-195 and the interplay between BDNF and miR-195 in ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
  • Apoptosis in both hypoxic and H 2 O 2 -treated cardiomyocytes were markedly reduced and cell viability was increased by miR-195 inhibitor. (ijbs.com)
  • Up-regulation of miR-195 in ischemic cardiomyocytes promotes ischemic apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2. (ijbs.com)
  • Numerous studies have documented that cardiomyocyte apoptosis occurs in border zone of infarct scars and in the remote zone of non-infarcted myocardium [ 2 - 4 ], which exacerbates the post-MI remodeling and aggravates cardiac dysfunction [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Studies have also suggested that both acute substantial cardiomyocyte loss and chronic low levels of apoptosis contributed to the development of heart failure [ 6 , 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Thus, successfully reversal of cardiomyocyte apoptosis during early stage of MI is crucial for repairing the injured heart and ameliorating cardiac function [ 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Levels of plasma total adrenomedullin are related with two acute phase inflammatory reactants (fibrinogen and sialic acid) but not with markers of endothelial dysfunction in Type 1 diabetes Adrenomedullin and vascular risk factors in Type 1 DM. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • In the present study, we examined plasma total AM levels, and their association with different markers of endothelial dysfunction and with other established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in patients with Type 1 DM. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • These cells can be differentiated into mature endothelial cells, which are involved in processes of angiogenesis and vessel regeneration. (intechopen.com)
  • However, while myocardial reperfusion is well established, the process itself can trigger myocardial reperfusion injury by causing further cardiomyocyte death through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sotolongo A, Klein J, Pena-Hernandez M, Johnson J, Geirsson A, Pober J, Iwasaki A, Gruber P . Abstract 12518: Susceptibility of Mature Human Myocardial Cell Types to SARS-CoV-2 Circulation 2021, 144: a12518-a12518. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a mechanism by which myocardial mass is increased to compensate for any elevated physical demands placed upon the heart, thus ensuring that adequate perfusion of body tissues is maintained during these periods. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • One of the major factors contributing to myocardial de-compensation is cardiomyocyte energy starvation2. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • Herein, we introduce a cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system that resembles the microenvironment in the heart and provides interactions with cardiomyocytes and electrical cues to the cultured fibroblasts for direct cardiac reprogramming. (thno.org)
  • The human neonatal dermal fibroblasts containing cardiac transcription factors were plated on the membrane and cultured with the murine cardiomyocyte in the presence of the electric stimulus. (thno.org)
  • Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes in the culture system facilitated interactions between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in coculture. (thno.org)
  • The cardiac-mimetic culture system may serve as an effective tool for producing a feasible number of reprogrammed cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts. (thno.org)
  • Yet, the deaths related to cardiovascular disease still ranks the top among all causes of deaths in industrialized countries ( 5 ), calling for further understanding of cardiac gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)
  • With over 100 types of monogenic inherited cardiovascular disease (CVD) discovered so far, the application of gene therapy has become a focus for recent CVD research and clinical trials. (cyagen.com)
  • Today, we discuss a research paper published by a client of Cyagen Biosciences as an example to show you the foundational ideas of successful preclinical research on gene therapy for cardiovascular disease. (cyagen.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the role of cardiomyocyte-derived and cardiac fibroblast-derived microRNAs that are involved in the regulation of genes associated with cardiomyocyte and fibroblast function and in atherosclerosis-related cardiac ischemia. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • HiPSC differentiate into cell derivatives from the 3 embryonic layers: Neuronal marker beta III tubulin (TUJ1), Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3 Beta (HNF3b). (cellapplications.com)
  • These cells also expressed NSC markers like Nestin, Sox2, CD133 and SSEA-1, as well as early development markers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) like BMP4, c-Myc, OCT4 and Gbx2. (ehu.eus)
  • Importance of evaluating protein glycosylation in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for research and clinical applications. (edu.hk)
  • Hub genes were selected by a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed by Cytoscape. (researchsquare.com)
  • miRNAs are either expressed from independent transcriptional units or derive from introns of protein-coding genes or exons or introns of long ncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although these systems aren't known completely, research survey that appearance of cyst encoding protein and genes is normally upregulated, like the Wnt/-catenin pathway functionally. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • The protein-centered research could not uncover all the gene regulatory and signaling pathways to sustain the healthy heart. (amegroups.org)
  • The emergence of non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and more recent long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has shed a light on further dissecting the gene regulatory networks of the heart ( 3 , 4 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Meanwhile, BDNF protein level was rapidly increased in MI rats and H 2 O 2 -treated cardiomyocytes. (ijbs.com)
  • Her current focus is to utilise her cardiomyocyte platform for the modelling of human cardiac diseases, investigations of cardiotoxicity and discovery of cardioprotective agents. (edu.hk)
  • During injury stimulation, the major effects on the cardiac function may be those involving mitochondria-dominated events along with potential nucleus-governed genetic/epigenetic alternations within the cardiomyocytes as well as the macrophage-led inflammation and T-cell-led immune responses underlying the myocardium-vessel interactive cascade. (hindawi.com)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cardiovascular diseases often cause substantial heart damage and even heart failure due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. (thno.org)
  • Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
  • Unlike fish and amphibians, the mammalian cardiomyocytes do not normally regenerate themselves shortly after birth ( 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • HiPSC-derived Neural Stem Cells (L) and Neurons (R) . i-HNSC stained w/ Nestin (neural stem cell marker, green), SOX 2 (stem cell marker, red) & DAPI (nuclear stain, blue). (cellapplications.com)
  • Video: Human iPSC-Derived Neurons establish mature, synchronized neuronal network. (cellapplications.com)
  • The stemness of the cells were characterized by the sphere-forming capacity and the expression levels of RSCs markers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • The effect of antioxidant trolox on biological characteristics of MSCS, including aging, proliferation, and gene expression, was examined. (techscience.com)
  • The results demonstrated that trolox can resist aging, promote proliferation, and enhance PGE-2 secretion of MSCs without affecting their surface marker expression. (techscience.com)
  • Microarray datasets of HF were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected by using R software. (researchsquare.com)
  • Confirmation of pluripotency is performed through the analysis of expression of several established independent pluripotency markers. (cellapplications.com)
  • Finally, the gene expression of Atf4, Ire1α, Xbp1s, Xbp1t, Grp78 and Chop was measured from these cDNA samples by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). (helsinki.fi)
  • The qPCR data describes the expression of exact gene. (helsinki.fi)
  • By statistical analysis, it was possible to compare the expression of these genes between 6-OHDA group and vehicle group. (helsinki.fi)
  • In other genes there were no statistical differences, unlike in several other studies where the expression was found to be increased. (helsinki.fi)
  • Also, the study will look at whether there are gene expression profiles in the tumor tissue that can predict pathologic complete response. (stanford.edu)
  • MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to 3′- or less often to 5′-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which in consequence leads to inhibited translation and/or induces degradation of targeted mRNA [ 1 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many developmental and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small (approximately 22 nt) endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, pathological gene expression in terminal heart failure is accompanied by changes in active histone marks without major alterations in CpG methylation and repressive chromatin marks. (nature.com)
  • Many of these transitions involve changes of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • In contrast to previous findings in heart tissue, expression of the pathological gene program in heart failure was not accompanied by changes in the CM DNA methylome but by active histone marks. (nature.com)
  • Another signalling mechanism involves high expression of PKC-like genes (21 types) during the process of encystation [48]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) refer to a group of small noncoding RNA molecules, typically 18~25 nucleotides in length, that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Most of these proteins mature in the Golgi apparatus before going to their final destination which may be to lysosomes , peroxisomes , or outside of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long primary miRNA transcripts, termed pri-miRNAs that are usually several kilobases long and possess a 5' CAP and a poly(A) tail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chemically modified antimiR oligonucleotides sequester the mature miRNA in competition with cellular target mRNAs leading to functional inhibition of the miRNA and derepression of the direct targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the relationship between BDNF and microRNA (miRNA) in cardiomyocytes are unclear. (ijbs.com)
  • Here, we show that DPP8/DPP9 inhibition in macrophages that express a Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LeTx)-sensitive Nlrp1b allele triggered significantly accelerated pyroptosis concomitant with caspase-1 maturation, ASC speck assembly, and secretion of mature IL-1beta and IL-18. (inra.fr)
  • Combining transcriptomic, proteomic and microRNA profiling, she revealed novel regulatory mechanisms that facilitate the generation of cardiomyocytes with adult-like mitochondrial and metabolic properties. (edu.hk)
  • For instance, some studies have suggested that in addition to antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), and other traditional enzymes, novel molecular targets such as mitochondria-targeting hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) donor AP39 and its auxiliary targets have recently been identified as critical participants in H 2 S synthesis for modulating the postischemic cardiomyocyte survival in a manner independent of classical cytosolic signaling mechanisms [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The birth of a gene therapy drug is based on performing sufficient basic research with both innovation and integrity to be used for pre-clinical research and clinical trials. (cyagen.com)
  • Prof. Poon's research focuses on the application of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modelling and drug screening. (edu.hk)
  • Immaturity of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes has long been a barrier to the use of these cells for research and therapy. (edu.hk)
  • 2021). Remdesivir induces persistent mitochondrial and structural damage in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. (edu.hk)
  • Cell surface markers for immunophenotyping human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. (edu.hk)
  • Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • In the heart, cardiomyocytes interact with neighboring cells through direct cell-cell interactions, various secreted cytokines, and electric signals (Figure 1 A) [ 24 ]. (thno.org)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
  • CD3 is expressed by thymocytes in a developmentally regulated manner and by all mature T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • We validate optical actuation by virally introducing optogenetic drivers in rat and human cardiomyocytes or through the modular use of dedicated light-sensitive somatic 'spark' cells. (nature.com)
  • Reprogramming triggers a cascade of evident changes in the host cells that are recognizable morphologically and through a combination of markers and pluripotency assays. (cellapplications.com)
  • This in turn leads to a reduction in the exchange of respiratory gasses and nutrients between working cardiomyocytes and blood which results in reduced energy levels in these cells. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • Methods: SCs were transfected with MPH 86 plasmid carrying the SV40T gene and cultured in different media, and also co-cultured with neural stem cells (NSCs). (ehu.eus)
  • Recently, we developed a hematopoietic stem cell-based approach to tackle this issue, in which we can genetically alter nucleated hematopoietic precursor cells and differentiate them ex-vivo to mature erythrocytes that can be infected by P. falciparum. (stanford.edu)
  • We find that during normal lifespan of CMs gene regulation is mainly orchestrated by dynamic mCpG and canonical histone marks at distal regulatory and genic regions. (nature.com)
  • Spearman analysis was employed for correlation analysis of genes in tumor tissues of RB patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • The improvement of preclinical cardiotoxicity testing, discovery of new ion-channel-targeted drugs, and phenotyping and use of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and other biologics all necessitate high-throughput (HT), cellular-level electrophysiological interrogation tools. (nature.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to conduct enrichment analysis. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, SV40T up-regulated the expressions of neural crest-associated markers Nestin, Pax3 and Slug, and down-regulated S100b as well as the markers of mature SCs MBP, GFAP and Olig1/2. (ehu.eus)
  • In recent years, several gene therapy drugs have been approved for marketing around the world, and many more are advancing through clinical trials. (cyagen.com)
  • A scholarly research reported that CSP21 gene appearance is dynamic when its particular repressor molecule is removed. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Heart is the first organ to mature during the development. (amegroups.org)
  • Protocol Development Reveals Impact of Sample Preparation on the Accuracy of Identifying Cardiomyocytes by Flow Cytometry. (edu.hk)
  • Currently required preclinical cardiotoxicity testing (part of the drug development process, Fig. 1 ) specifically focuses on a drug's blocking action on the hERG K + channel, which provides one of the main repolarizing currents in cardiomyocytes. (nature.com)
  • Line-scanning analysis of the fluorescence intensity suggested that TβRIII was mainly present in the vicinity of the plasma membrane of mature cardiomyocytes (Figure 1F, b). (cyagen.com)
  • Gene therapy has given many patients with congenital diseases new hope! (cyagen.com)