Pinkel D., Detection of aneuploidy and aneuploidy-inducing agents in human lymphocytes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome specific DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
Eastmond D.A., Rupa D.S., Hasegawa L.S., Detection of hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage in interphase human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
Here, using double-label fluorescence in situ hybridization for the autosome chromosome 21 (chromosome 21 point probes combined with chromosome 21 "paint" probes), along with immunocytochemistry and cell sorting, we present evidence for chromosome gain and loss in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
Chromosome 21 was chosen for examination because of the availability of trisomy 21 cells ( Bhattacharyya and Svendsen, 2003 ) that could serve as a positive control for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (jneurosci.org)
Chromosomal3
Multicolor banding, chromosomal microarray analysis, chromosome microdissection with reverse painting, and single-copy sequencing of the rearranged chromosome were performed to determine the length and position of the inverted region as well as to rule out a genetic imbalance at the breakpoints. (metasystems-probes.com)
Aneuploidy is defined as the loss and/or gain of chromosomes to produce a numerical deviation from multiples of the haploid chromosomal complement ( King and Stansfield, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)
Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules with the X sex chromosome assembled. (bvsalud.org)
Abnormalities1
It is useful for the identification of structural abnormalities through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome complement. (creative-bioarray.com)
Probes3
Comparison of the human with the sheep genomes by use of human chromosome-specific painting probes. (cnr.it)
FISH "paint" probes against the whole q arm of chromosome 21 and a point probe against a region on the q arm of 21 (21q22.13-q22.2) were obtained from Vysis (Downer's Grove, IL). (jneurosci.org)
The future of molecular cytogenetics is likely to depend on a better knowledge of chromosome structure and function. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyril Darlington pioneered plant cytogenetics in 1920-30 and made important advances in our understanding of mechanisms of chiasma formation and the behavior of sex chromosomes in meiosis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the purposes of this review is to encourage research into chromosome structure as this could help advance molecular cytogenetics. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 93 BAC clones were used to localize the chromosome complement of the species and 588 genes were annotated, thus almost reaching the 2.5% of the genome sequences. (metasystems-international.com)
In 1944 it was realized that genetic transformation in bacteria was due to DNA and not protein and that DNA was the molecule responsible for heredity in genes and chromosomes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Aneuploidy1
Toward determining the presence of constitutional aneuploidy in the human brain, we report here an analysis of the frequency of chromosome 21 gain and loss among neurons and non-neuronal cells isolated from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of normal individuals ranging from 2 to 86 years of age. (jneurosci.org)
Metaphase2
We now recognize that, following DNA replication, the metaphase chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by a centromere and by cohesin. (biomedcentral.com)
We measured the meiotic recombination rate in two regions of chromosome 5, containing or not an NLR gene cluster. (metasystems-international.com)
The review provides a brief account of the structure of somatic and meiotic chromosomes, stressing the high conservation of structure in plants and animals, with emphasis on aspects that require further research. (biomedcentral.com)
Aberrations1
Almost every chromosome is affected by numeric or structural aberrations. (neurotransmitter.net)
Clones1
Libert F., Lefort A., Okimoto R., Womack J., Georges M., Construction of a bovine genomic library of large yeast artificial chromosome clones, Genomics 18 (1993) 270-276. (gse-journal.org)
Yeast1
Since the genetic code was deciphered much has been learnt about the chromosome structure shared by all organisms from yeast to human. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerical1
The most recurrent numerical alterations were gains in rat chromosome 4 (RNO4) and losses in RNO15. (biomedcentral.com)
Species3
This kind of result widens the knowledge of this species' chromosome dynamics and evolution. (metasystems-international.com)
We have broad expertise in banded chromosome analysis for a wide variety of mammalian species (human, mouse, rat, cow, hamsters, dog, etc.), and our experience includes analysis of live animals and established adult and embryonic stem cell lines. (creative-bioarray.com)
Nuclear2
Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. (jneurosci.org)
Conservation1
ZOO-FISH and R-banding reveal extensive conservation of human chromosome regions in euchromatic regions of river buffalo chromosomes. (cnr.it)
Genome1
As a result, important data about its genome organization and evolution were obtained, such as the lesser gene density of the large metacentric pair compared with the other metacentric chromosomes, which supports the theory of a sex proto-chromosome pair. (metasystems-international.com)
Approaches1
Possible approaches for cytogenomic assessment of couples with balanced chromosome rearrangements and problems like reproductive failures were considered and suggested as useful part of effective genetic counseling. (metasystems-probes.com)
Mechanisms1
The mechanisms of transmission of both discontinuous and continuous characteristics across the generations were unknown before Mendel's laws were explained at the turn of the 20th Century by the behavior of chromosomes in germ cells [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis3
The Precise Breakpoint Mapping in Paracentric Inversion 10q22.2q23.3 by Comprehensive Cytogenomic Analysis, Multicolor Banding, and Single-Copy Chromosome Sequencing. (metasystems-probes.com)
Improvements in the resolution of chromosome analysis has followed closely the introduction of innovative technology. (biomedcentral.com)
Creative Bioarray has performed many karyotyping (banded chromosome analysis) services for cell line authentication and some specific research. (creative-bioarray.com)
FISH3
The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Thirteen type I loci from HSA4q, HSA6p, HSA7q and HSA12q were comparatively FISH-mapped in four river buffalo and sheep chromosomes. (cnr.it)
Comparative FISH mapping of bovid X chromosomes reveals homologies and divergences between the subfamilies bovinae and caprinae. (cnr.it)
Cattle1
Chromosome stability test in both cattle and river buffaloes exposed to dioxin. (cnr.it)
Gene1
He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
Studies3
Under this generic term, all chromosome-related studies should be summarized to introduce novel ideas and concepts in biology and medicine, thus having an integrative effect on the field. (frontiersin.org)
Morgan, Sturtevant, Bridges and Muller constructed the first genetic linkage maps from recombination studies in crosses made in the fruit fly and from cytological preparations of its polytene salivary gland chromosomes [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies reaffirmed that chromosome structure and behavior in somatic and germ cell divisions were common to all plants and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Region1
The authors recently mapped a susceptibility locus for autism to chromosome region 2q24-q33 (MIM number 606053). (neurotransmitter.net)
Comparison1
G- and R-banding comparison of sheep (Ovis aries L.) chromosomes. (cnr.it)