Two LMEs, laccase from the polypore mushroom Trametes versicolor , and manganese peroxidase (MnP) from white rot fungus Nematoloma frowardii , were tested for catalytic activity against the two model substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that the reaction of laccase and MnP with phenolic substrate yields products that arise from the cleavage of the carbon-carbon single bond between the α-carbon and the adjacent aryl carbon, consistent with the mechanism for producing phenoxy radical as reaction intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme assays of a laccase and a MnP on phenolic and nonphenolic β-aryl ether substrates revealed different primary reaction pathways due to the availability of the phenoxy radical intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
Ligninolytic enzymes laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) capable of decomposing lignin into smaller fragments were all active in both consortia. (bvsalud.org)
Substrates5
Previously, we have successfully built an assay platform based on glycan substrates containing a charged perfluorinated tag and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry to study carbohydrate active enzymes, especially various glycosyl hydrolyses. (biomedcentral.com)
Two β-aryl ether bond containing model lignin dimer substrates, designed to be suitable for studying the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS), were successful synthesized. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, this study highlights that marine microorganisms in nearshore regions mostly undergo similar pathways using protocatechuate and catechol as ring-cleavage substrates to drive lignin degradation as part of the oceanic carbon cycle, regardless of whether they are in sediments or water column. (bvsalud.org)
These conjugates can be used as substrates for various kinds of polymerizing enzymes in the enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acids. (justia.com)
In nature, there exist various enzymes that are capable of oxidizing target substrates with high selectivity. (rsc.org)
Ligninolytic1
Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
Lignin8
Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
Development of suitable enzymatic assays for characterization of putative lignin active enzymes is an important step towards improving our understanding of the catalytic activities of relevant enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we extend this approach to develop a reliable and rapid assay to study lignin-modifying enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
A new assay procedure has been developed for studying lignin-modifying enzymes by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the first time that NIMS technology was applied to study the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
The viability of lignin degradation depends on the availability of optimal lignin-modifying enzymes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] that can efficiently degrade lignin biopolymers into simpler aromatics. (biomedcentral.com)
The newly emerged low-molecular-weight aromatics, organic acids, and other lignin-derived compounds in biotreated alkali lignin also evidently showed the depolymerization of lignin by both consortia. (bvsalud.org)
It was found that grass cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzymes for grasses exhibiting a diversity of lignin structures and compositions could be linked to quantifiable changes in the composition of the cell wall and properties of the lignin including apparent content of the p -hydroxycinnamates while the limitations of S/G estimation in grasses is highlighted. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino3
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is one of the main enzymes that metabolize D-Amino acids via deamination. (smpdb.ca)
DAAO is highly specific towards D-amino acids and favours free neutral D-amino acids or those with hydrophobic, polar or aromatic groups. (smpdb.ca)
Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. (pinnacleclinic.com)
Groups2
These conditions allow alkaline peroxide to selectively oxidize non-aromatic conjugated groups responsible for absorbing visible light. (wikipedia.org)
We hypothesized that the replacement of the Phe side chain with more extended aromatic groups could improve the self-assembling. (cnr.it)
Carbon2
No cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond between the α-carbon and the aryl carbon was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
a heterocyclic ring is one having as ring members only carbon and at least one hetero atom selected from nitrogen and chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) : The hetero ring contains five members including nitrogen and carbon (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. (everypatent.com)
1,2 Interestingly, the active site of the MMO enzyme is comprised of copper-based particulate MMO (pMMO) and iron-based soluble MMO (sMMO) that selectively capture the methane substrate. (rsc.org)
A diverse set of enzymes and metabolic pathways currently exist that are capable of converting carbohydrates to a wide range of useful metabolites and recent progress in metabolic and protein engineering is expanding this range. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous1
In the mitochondria of the cell, sterol 26-hydroxylase converts 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestane to 3a,7a,26-trihydroxy-5b-cholestane, which is then converted to 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al by the same enzyme used in the previous reaction. (smpdb.ca)
Formation2
Our assay provides a wealth of information on bond cleavage events not available using conventional colorimetric assays and can easily be carried out in microliter volumes and the quantitative analysis of product formation and kinetics is rapidly achieved by NIMS. (biomedcentral.com)
We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
Bacterial enzymes2
Reduction of azo dyes and nitroaromatic compounds by bacterial enzymes from the human intestinal tract. (nih.gov)
The sulfonamides and Trimethoprim are inhibitors of the bacterial enzymes required for the synthesis of tetrahydofolic acid (THF). (microrao.com)
Compounds2
On the other hand, hydroquinone can be a component of high molecular aromatic compounds (e.g., resin), an intermediate, or appear as a degradation product generated by transformation of aromatic compounds. (hindawi.com)
Advanced oxidation processes (APOs) of aromatic compounds, particularly of phenol, yield several benzene derivatives, such as hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol, as intermediate metabolites of its transformation. (hindawi.com)
Benzene2
The meta-position of the sulfonic group on the benzene ring is the most active site, and the benzene ring without the sulfonic group has a certain reactivity. (bvsalud.org)
It is also found that dihydroxy addition and elimination reactions play a major role in the process of desulfonation, carbon skeleton cleavage and benzene ring separation. (bvsalud.org)
The decomposition mechanisms found through the combination of physical models and chemical calculations, provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitors1
Functional analysis of COX-2 by structure-guided mutagenesis has uncovered new strategies for synthesizing COX-2 inhibitors and has suggested new biological roles for the enzyme. (vanderbilt.edu)
Processes1
Colaborou como consultor no projecto "Discovery and exploitation of novel lipid modifying enzymes in industrial processes: LIPFUN" coordenado pelo Technical Research Center of Finland- VTT e financiado pela Tekes- Finlandia. (ua.pt)
Protein4
HN - 2017 MH - ADAM12 Protein UI - D000072199 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.125 MN - D9.400.430.500.125 MN - D12.776.395.33.125 MS - A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein that is expressed as two alternatively-spliced forms: a long transmembrane form (ADAM12-L) and a short soluble form (ADAM12-S). It modulates the cleavage of INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEINS and may also regulate CELL FUSION during MYOGENESIS. (nih.gov)
It binds to the peptidyl transferase enzyme to inhibit transfer of the growing polypeptide to the next amino acid, thereby inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. (microrao.com)
protein_coding" "AAC74163","flgH","Escherichia coli","flagellar protein of basal-body outer-membrane L ring [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Flagellar L-ring protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Human2
Several anaerobic bacteria from the human intestinal tract are capable of reducing azo dyes and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the corresponding aromatic amines with enzymes that have azoreductase and nitroreductase activities. (nih.gov)
Similar experiments are used to identify human DNA repair enzymes that remove specific forms of DNA damage. (vanderbilt.edu)
Complex1
Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by an E3 ligase such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. (nih.gov)
Role1
Due to the recent research development on hydroquinone, this review underscores not only the mechanisms of hydroquinone biotransformation and the role of microorganisms and their enzymes in this process, but also its toxicity. (hindawi.com)
Active1
It is a ß-lactam structurally related to the penicillins and possesses the ability to inactivate a wide variety of ß-lactamases by blocking the active sites of these enzymes. (microrao.com)
Forms1
The DEC-205 monomer forms a compact structure comprising two intercalated rings of C-type lectin-like domains, where the N-terminal cysteine-rich and fibronectin domains reside at the central intersection. (uci.edu)
Identify1
We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)