Management quantitative microbial risk assessment. Medical search. Frequent questions

The risk of disease from ingesting pathogens found in raw meat is significantly higher than cooked meat, although both can be contaminated. (wikipedia.org)
However, the main source of disease caused by microbial pathogens is usually raw meat. (wikipedia.org)
My research focuses on understanding the transmission and behaviour of microbial pathogens, in particular verocytotoxigenic E. coli , Salmonella and Campylobacter along the farm to fork chain. (teagasc.ie)
This research is exploited to develop food safety management systems including quantitative risk assessment models and novel interventions for control of known and emergent food borne pathogens. (teagasc.ie)
A small number of studies reported that consumption of veal liver was associated with an increased risk of human illness from these two pathogens. (usda.gov)
These products, however, may present increased risk compared to other pork products because of the potential internalisation of pathogens. (edu.au)
essential public health issue for all countries this has not, however, been the case with since foodborne disease, whether due to regard to foodborne diseases, which remain microbial pathogens, biotoxins or chemical a great challenge. (who.int)

This study proposes a coupling of hydraulic and water-quality modeling with quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to characterize microbial infection risks. (cdc.gov)
The QMRA Wiki is a community portal for current quantitative information and knowledge developed for the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) field. (qmrawiki.org)
We used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to investigate the removal of R. solanacearum during ASTR to predict infection risks of potato plants after irrigation with the recovered water. (tudelft.nl)
QMRA is a useful (water) management tool to evaluate the treatment steps of water reclamation technologies with the aim to provide safe irrigation water and reduce risks disseminating plant diseases. (tudelft.nl)
As part of ongoing knowledge and awareness raising, IWMI and NU team members also delivered training on 'Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA)' to AAWSA staff, who are responsible for workers collecting and treating wastewater in Addis Ababa. (watersecurityhub.org)

Rhizosphere samples were collected from experimental field sites to characterize microbial biodiversity and the responsiveness of different functional guilds, microorganism, nematodes and earthworms, to GM maize and potato. (europa.eu)

Qualitative and quantitative measures of toxicity and testing protocols are addressed. (njit.edu)
Conventional environmental-health risk-assessment methods are often limited in their ability to account for uncertainty in contaminant exposure, chemical toxicity and resulting human health risk. (biomedcentral.com)
Exposure levels and toxicity are both subject to significant measurement errors, and many predicted risks are well below those distinguishable from background incident rates in target populations. (biomedcentral.com)
While they represent a relatively new approach to risk assessment for sensitizers, quantitative methods have been used for decades to support risk assess- ments for systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)
As with other forms of toxicity, a quantitative assessment of risk for allergic skin reactions can be approached by identifying a NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and applying appropriate uncertainty factors. (cdc.gov)

Five workshops such as WHO workshops on antimicrobial resistance and bacteriophages as well as on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QRMA) are organized. (lifescienceaustria.at)
Integrating Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Into Quantitative Risk Assessment of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. (cdc.gov)

The main conclusion was that it is important to include unexpected risk events in decision models for evaluating microbial risk reduction, especially in a drinking water system with a low base load and a low pathogen log10 reduction in the drinking water treatment plant. (chalmers.se)
To better understand trade-offs with alternative options for water supply and wastewater handling in the Arctic, tools for systems analyses will be described (based on life-cycle assessments), along with ones specifically addressing pathogen risks. (sswm.info)
More basic research concerned microbial ecology of BCAs including molecular interactions with their host fungal pathogen. (slu.se)
The exposure assessment identifies the pathway(s) from the source of the pathogen to the exposure site for the affected individual or population, which addresses the transmission of the pathogen. (qmrawiki.org)

Quantitative assessment of microbial quality and safety risk: A preliminary case study of strengthening raspberry supply system in Chile," Food Control , vol. 113, pp. 0-0, 2020, Accessed: 00, 2023. (metu.edu.tr)

To assess the potential risks due to GM crops for important pollinator species and their related ecosystem service, standardized sampling and testing methods suitable for ERA and long term monitoring in pollinator representative species, were established and evaluated. (europa.eu)
Knowledge of the natural behavior of individual species is crucial in proper captive management of nonhuman primates (see Primate Info Net Factsheets for species-specific information). (asp.org)
These guidelines build upon the ASP's 2001 Policy Statement "Principles for the Ethical Treatment of Non-Human Primates" which states that ASP members "should make use of information on a species' natural history to improve management and enrich environments, because physical and psychological well-being are essential not only to the health of the animal but also to the validity of the research results. (asp.org)
Clonal yet Different: Understanding the Causes of Genomic Heterogeneity in Microbial Species and Impacts on Public Health. (cdc.gov)

Exposure- and dose-response assessment are among the most critical steps of the environmental risk-assessment process (see Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The dose response provides a quantitative relationship between infection, disease or death (or any adverse effects) and a specific dose of a microorganism which then when modelled provides the likelihood of an adverse outcome. (qmrawiki.org)
The risk characterization integrates dose-response and exposure assessment to estimate the magnitude of risk, uncertainty and variability of the probability of an adverse outcome associated with a hazard. (qmrawiki.org)
Generally a range of values are used for each of the parameters in the dose-response and exposure assessment. (qmrawiki.org)
Infection risks of potato plants were calculated using a dose-response model and ASTR treatment resulted in negligible infection risks of a single plant, but also when simulating the irrigation of a 5 ha potato field. (tudelft.nl)

We used traditional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and microbial source tracking (MST) methods to help identify source(s) of the FIB. (mdpi.com)
Particular attention is paid to the development and application of microbiological indicators, diagnostical tools for determining the origin of fecal sources, and the modeling of microbiological water quality and the associated risks to human health. (lifescienceaustria.at)
A total of 337 fecal, liver, and meat samples from animals at slaughterhouses were tested for HEV by real-time quantitative PCR. (cdc.gov)

Stochastic risk assessment models were constructed to estimate the changes in Salmonella prevalence and concentration, between retail and consumption, with the probability of illness per meal estimated. (edu.au)
Sensitivity analysis was performed in both risk assessments using Spearman rank correlation, which identified the low prevalence and concentration of Salmonella on pork in Australia and the high temperatures to which Australian consumers cook pork as having the greatest influence on the low risk experienced by consumers. (edu.au)
Specified Elective Courses" must exclusively be selected from amongst a list of courses within the categories of either "Pollution Control and Modeling", or "Molecular Ecology and Microbial Biotechnology", or "Socio-Ecological Sustainability" concentration areas. (boun.edu.tr)

An FSIS risk profile for pathogenic Salmonella subtypes in poultry and quantitative risk assessments to address key risk management questions. (achesongroup.com)
There also seems to be some indecision on the part of FSIS as to whether there will be a quantitative approach, particularly as the agency's comment-seeking on the action to declare Salmonella an adulterant in breaded, stuffed raw chicken products included that of whether a different standard for adulteration would be more appropriate "such as zero tolerance. (achesongroup.com)

Risk can be managed using many different strategies and is focused on reducing exposures to microbial hazards and this thus impacts the risk characterization. (qmrawiki.org)
Poor air quality is such an issue that it is directly addressed within the SDG targets: SDG 3.9 (substantial reduction of health impacts from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution) and SDG 11.6 (reduction of adverse per capita environmental impacts of cities, including paying special attention to air quality and other waste management). (springer.com)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the struvite recovery process from the liquid portion of the anaerobically digested dairy cow manure generated in Wisconsin dairy farms using life cycle assessment methodology for both bench and farm scale scenarios. (cdrf.org)
assessment of sanitation systems, environmental impacts, system analysis. (ac.ke)

Environmental Microbiology - 1) basic microbiology: biochemical principles, cell structure organization, microbial nutrition and growth, 2) the important microbes involved in environmental microbiology and address the environments where they are found, and 3) how they are detected and monitored, and their effects on humans, and the environment. (njit.edu)
Effective water hygiene risk management and water treatment optimization based on actionable microbiology data. (rqmicro.com)
On-site deployment of the rqmicro.COUNT instrument enables a market-leading time-to-result and a full integration of quantitative microbiology data into operational workflows. (rqmicro.com)

Differences in soil biodiversity across the European field sites were found leading to the conclusion that each rizosphere microbial community of maize and potato consisted of a local and geographically independent assemblages. (europa.eu)
Soil quality and management practices that enhance nutrient efficiency, are protective of the environment, and improve product quality in agricultural systems are emphasized. (msu.edu)
This includes plant, soil, microbial, and invertebrate ecology as influenced by agronomic practices that affect productivity and environmental sustainability. (msu.edu)

According to the results, 14% did not wash utensils or dishes between using them for raw and cooked foods, and 75% were unaware of the risks of storing raw meat on upper levels of refrigerators and the risk of cross-contamination below. (wikipedia.org)
To achieve these objectives, a unified quantitative model of microbial contamination in raspberries was developed to describe the impact of factors in a continuum from the farm to the destination of importation on E. coli/HAV contamination in fresh and frozen raspberry products. (metu.edu.tr)
This project provides straightforward recommendations for Chilean food safety authorities to effectively prioritize their financial and human resources to proactively prevent microbial contamination in raspberries. (metu.edu.tr)

Using a scenario-based approach, these unexpected risk events were included in a risk-based decision model aimed at evaluating risk reduction alternatives. (chalmers.se)
The decision model combined quantitative microbial risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis and investigated four risk reduction alternatives. (chalmers.se)
Two drinking water systems were compared using the same set of risk reduction alternatives to illustrate the effect of unexpected risk events. (chalmers.se)
A single chlorine booster yielded a risk reduction (47.6%) for the branched network, greater than for the looped network (nearly none). (cdc.gov)
This work will help public water system managers in identifying vulnerable points in their distribution system and optimal locations for risk reduction strategy implementation. (cdc.gov)
The standards cover follow-up surveillance, rehabilitation, and health promotion/risk reduction. (medscape.com)

Pork industry risk managers, therefore, commissioned this study to develop robust risk assessment models to quantify the risks of salmonellosis to Australian consumers from pork burgers and moisture-infused pork, with the aim of informing risk managers in their decisions. (edu.au)

I currently co-ordinate a 41 partner multi-national EU Framework VI integrated research project on beef safety and quality ( Prosafebeef ) and am a partner in an EU Framework 7 project on improved sampling for risk assessment ( Baseline ). (teagasc.ie)
Moreover, this project provide a framework that can be extended to other countries to promote capability building for applying risk-based food safety management systems for public health protection. (metu.edu.tr)
Funded by an NSERC Alliance of $450K, the Drinking Water Quality Group at Queen's University and the City of Calgary are partnering to develop a risk assessment and mitigation framework to assist Canadian municipalities to assess water quality risk and optimize operation and maintenance strategies to protect DWDS quality. (queensu.ca)
This framework will be used to identify factors that drive metal accumulation and water quality risks, examine mechanisms that lead to the accumulation/release of metals, optimize unidirectional flushing operations to prevent water quality problems, and develop a data-driven machine-learning tool to predict water quality risks and assist Canadian municipalities in planning their system operations and maintenance strategies. (queensu.ca)
Because geography provides an ideal framework for relating other fields of knowledge, students trained as geographers can contribute substantially to the applied management of the Earth's resources and its environments. (ulster.ac.uk)
The environmental risk assessment (ERA) framework has recently been reinforced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), whose guidance document (GD) requires harmonized and efficient methodologies. (europa.eu)

The biggest effort made by the members of the Consortium was to shed light on contentious issues (e.g. receiving environments, non-target organisms, the role of statistical significance vs. biological relevance) with a scientifically sound approach and to help risk assessment and risk management activities in Europe for the years to come. (europa.eu)
The risk assessments followed the approaches and guidelines recommended by FAO/WHO and Codex for microbiological risk assessment and used a stochastic modelling approach. (edu.au)
The risk-based approach must be backed and trade is aggravating the widespread by information on the most appropriate outbreaks of foodborne diseases. (who.int)
Methodology: Amixed method approach was done with quantitative secondary data analysis of COVID-19 contacts traced, and qualitative assessment through Key Informant Interviews (KII) of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital staff involved in COVID-19 outbreak response during the period. (bvsalud.org)
Recently, several papers have been published supporting the use of an alternative, and potentially better, quantitative risk assessment approach. (cdc.gov)
Recent papers have advocated the use of a similar approach to characterize the risk of the induction of skin sensitization by allergens of varying potency and potential for skin contact. (cdc.gov)

Integrating quantitative PCR and Bayesian statistics in quantifying human adenoviruses in small volumes of source water. (unc.edu)

Real-time spatial O2-sensing in 2D porous media to investigate conditions for anoxic micro-niches onset and microbial facultative metabolism trigger. (google.com.hk)

You will learn how to map the sea floor, conduct environmental impact assessments and use technologies, such as GIS, to analyse social inequality. (ulster.ac.uk)

Coliphages as tools in microbiological water quality management: 60 years of research development. (bluephage.com)

In this scenario, AMIGA project aimed to improve ERA process in Europe to reduce uncertainty in decision-making for the cultivation of GM plants by developing and verifying robust ERA methods, to increase confidence in the practicability of the EFSA ERA GD and to contribute to the development of more effective post-market environmental monitoring designs and risk mitigation procedures. (europa.eu)
The mean risk of illness from the consumption of a pork burger was estimated at 1:54 x 10-8 (95% uncertainty credible interval 7:2 x 10-10, 4:96 x 10-8) and for a moisture-infused pork steak at 4:12 x 10-8 (95% uncertainty credible interval 9:85 x 10-9, 7:75 x 10-8). (edu.au)

You will learn about the decentralized water recycling revolution occurring in and around cities located in wetter regions, including why these cities are turning to decentralized water reuse and how your city can integrate decentralized water recycling systems into your overall wastewater and wet weather management strategy. (watereuse.org)
Li AR (2017-continuing) Formation of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) from Soluble Microbial Products (SMPs) in Water Distribution Systems. (edu.au)
Carvajal Ortega, GEA (2013-2017) Reliability assessment for direct potable water recycling systems. (edu.au)
Unexpected risk events in drinking water systems, such as heavy rain or manure spill accidents, can cause waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease. (chalmers.se)
National governments are moving to integrate risk analysis frameworks into food safety management systems at the country level. (metu.edu.tr)
The assessment of these systems both in static chambers for their theoretical performance, and in-situ for these mixed chemical sources is essential for the progression of this research field and the widespread adoption of this technology. (springer.com)
Historically there have been several events that have drawn the attention of governments worldwide (Boyd 1960 ), to establish air quality assessment systems, such as the Los Angeles photochemical smog in the 1940s (Kuwata 1974 ) and the London smog in 1952 (Logan 1953 ). (springer.com)
Detection of Legionella hotspots in buildings, quantitative monitoring of total bacteria in water systems and reliable data for your water hygiene concept. (rqmicro.com)
Crop management faculty investigate production technologies and cropping systems to increase grower profitability and production, and protect the environment. (msu.edu)
and on ways that agronomic management influences the suite of ecosystem services that row-crop systems and landscapes can provide. (msu.edu)

In this we have gathered complementing methodological competences so we now have a platform for exploiting technologies with filamentous fungi such as: Fungal transformation & gene constructions, DNA reporter technology (GFP, DsRed etc.), advanced fluorescent microscopy, gene knock outs and complementation, arrays and quantitative PCR, fungal characterization and diagnostic molecular tools as well as methods in evolutionary genetics. (slu.se)
Thus risk characterization examines the values within various ranges and which of the inputs (parameters) used in the risk characterization impact the outcome the most (called a sensitivity analysis). (qmrawiki.org)

Although an ecological risk assessment has been prepared, the focus of this assessment of 2-nitrotoluene relates primarily to human health risks. (gc.ca)

However, PCR, which has been extremely useful in providing a great deal of crucial information in water virology, does not distinguish between reliable and repetitive, and hence feasible, procedures infectious from non-infectious viral particles and is therefore not useful for monitoring virological water quality, nor for assessing the performance of water treatment processes or for quantitative microbial risk assessment. (bluephage.com)
Exploring vulnerable nodes, impactful viral intrusion sites, and viral infection risk reductions offered by chlorine boosters in municipal drinking water networks. (cdc.gov)

One of the most important provisions in the IHR is the obligation for all States Parties to establish core capacities to detect, assess, notify and report events, and to respond to public health risks and emergencies. (who.int)
To assess the public health risk of human infection from a novel bunyavirus - severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) - in China. (who.int)

AMIGA contributed to the development and implementation of harmonized monitoring methods to gather quantitative baseline data for pollinator diversity in important crops before commercialisation of GM varieties. (europa.eu)

The appearance of molecular techniques based on the amplification of nucleic acids, such as PCR , led experts to believe that they would allow the detection of all viruses in water matrices and would therefore be of great importance in water management. (bluephage.com)
The Environmental Engineering Laboratories in Mitchell Hall at Queen's comprise 10,000 square feet of state-of-the-art water research space that include capabilities such as high-performance liquid chromatography, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction molecular techniques, brightfield and fluorescence microscopy, ATP and other molecular monitoring for drinking water research. (queensu.ca)

Development of a quantitative real time PCR assay to detect and enumerate Escherichia coli O157 and O26 serogroups in bovine recto-anal swabs J. Micro methods 114:9-15. (teagasc.ie)

Need for applied research in crop management will increase as biotechnology and genomics evolves. (msu.edu)

Presentation of outcomes following core team deliberation to a broader group with expertise in public health, laboratory, epidemiology, infectious disease, logistics and risk communication provided further refinement of the outcomes. (who.int)

1987. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the risk assessment process for methylene chloride. (cdc.gov)
Hydrological process research and modelling play a key role in the management and sustainability of future water resources. (copernicus.org)
The identification and evaluation of risk management approaches on the basis of cost and effectiveness are integral parts of the process. (qmrawiki.org)
The risk assessment process involved several components including gathering information through a literature review, a comparative analysis of demographic features between reported SFTSV cases and surveillance population and consensus through group discussion of data based on the likelihood of disease spread and the impact on public health. (who.int)
The process of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) (lifetime) animal study to account for these areas for chemicals thought to have a threshold for of extrapolation. (cdc.gov)

Specifically, his program focuses on understanding the physiological impact of management interventions, notably photoperiod and heat stress abatement, at various stages of the lactation cycle, in an attempt to optimize cow health and performance. (ufl.edu)

Toxicology - The assessment of acute, sub-acute and chronic effects of hazardous and toxic chemicals. (njit.edu)
The role of toxicology in risk assessment and risk management is discussed. (njit.edu)

Teo, T (2012-2016) Risk Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in Swimming Pools. (edu.au)

Many of the symptoms that result from these diseases involve intestinal damage and can have potentially fatal effects for those at risk. (wikipedia.org)
The study employed the WHO tool for COVID-19 capacity assessment and evaluated services for various diseases using descriptive analysis. (bvsalud.org)

My overarching research goal is to facilitate the improvement of sustainable urban water management. (edu.au)
Find tools for sustainable sanitation and water management! (sswm.info)
Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. (sswm.info)
This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management. (sswm.info)
2), 'Climate smart water management and sustainable development for food and agriculture in East Africa (WATDEV)', led by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation ( AICS ). (watersecurityhub.org)
Held in collaboration with Sustainable Environment and Development Action ( SEDA ), the conversation focused on multiple scale landscape management, and how landscape management contributes to sustaining water values long term. (watersecurityhub.org)
BECC develops research that targets sustainable management of ecosystem services in a world undergoing rapid change and loss of biodiversity. (lu.se)

I do this by improving our understanding of water treatment capabilities, water quality monitoring and risk management. (edu.au)
Three technical excursions are offered, to the waste water treatment plant Vienna ebs, to the flood control management Danube Island and to the alpine springs and catchments of the First Vienna water supply. (lifescienceaustria.at)
Her research focuses on drinking water treatment strategies, environmental impact assessment, and risk management. (queensu.ca)

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the modes of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the workplace, an assessment of the risk of transmission under various assumptions, principles underlying the control of risk, and specific risk-control recommendations for employers and workers. (cdc.gov)

Steve Weisberg is Executive Director of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority (SCCWRP), a research consortium formed by 14 California water quality agencies to ensure a solid scientific foundation for their management activities. (sccwrp.org)

Although it has been shown that struvite precipitation from several manure sources contribute to nutrient management practices by recovering valuable nutrients and preventing them from reaching water bodies, it has not been widely applied in commercial (i.e. farm) scales. (cdrf.org)

For the latter, quantitative microbial risk assessment is now used by agencies like WHO and U.S. EPA to establish treatment requirements and inform management strategies, as used in water and sanitation safety plans. (sswm.info)
One of the NZCA's statutory functions is to review, amend, and approve conservation management strategies and plans. (doc.govt.nz)
As indicated above, water bodies are a significant feature of Conservation Management Strategies. (doc.govt.nz)

Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC) "is a private, nonprofit organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in science through voluntary accreditation and assessment programs. (asp.org)
The estimates of likelihood of spread of disease, impact on public health, level of overall risk and risk matrix followed the World Health Organization guide for undertaking risk assessment for acute public health events. (who.int)

Investigators will develop a context-specific healthcare facility assessment tool to evaluate current antibiotic stewardship practices and needs across multiple institutions in various countries and regions globally. (cdc.gov)

1999-2003 Adjunct lecturer, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences & Mathematics, Haifa University. (technion.ac.il)

New service offering based on rapid and quantitative analysis of bacteria in water. (rqmicro.com)

An FSIS expanded exploratory sampling program for young chicken carcasses to generate microbial data. (achesongroup.com)

The location of vulnerable and influential nodes in a looped and a branched network were compared, followed by a comparison of chlorine booster placement to reduce infection risks. (cdc.gov)

In epidemiological studies the sampled population and risk levels are often too small for the exposure-related increment to be statistically distinguished from background levels of the health endpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, urban air pollution is a significant health risk for urban dwellers worldwide, accounting for 5% of the global disease burden (Cohen et al. (springer.com)
Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment on benzene, 1-methyl-2-nitro- (2-nitrotoluene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 88-72-2. (gc.ca)
The likelihood of disease spread and the magnitude of public health impact were assessed to clarify overall risk. (who.int)
There is a low to moderate public health risk related to SFTSV human infection in China. (who.int)
The risk question addressed was "What is the public health risk related to human exposure to SFTSV in China? (who.int)
The identified challenges included problems with contact identification, delay in notification of results, refusal to disclose contacts by cases, contacts refusing to allow risk assessment, and health workers being overwhelmed by the task of contact tracing. (bvsalud.org)

differentiate between existing urban sanitation planning approaches - Sanitation 21, Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES), Service Delivery Assessment (SDA). (ac.ke)

Establishing microbial composition measurement standards with reference frames. (cdc.gov)

However such management entails the capture and destruction of methane gas emitted from these landfills, an undertaking that has been too costly for many developing countries to implement. (lu.se)
Developing a survivorship plan is mandatory, because management can affect quality of life and even outcomes. (medscape.com)
For patients with HIV infection, the risk of developing TB is 7-10% per year. (medscape.com)

Safety evaluations for chemicals which possess the ability to cause sensitization by skin contact have traditionally been done using an ad hoc comparative risk assessment technique. (cdc.gov)

Case rates for persons who are dually infected with HIV and M tuberculosis exceed the lifetime risk of persons with TB infection who are not infected with HIV. (medscape.com)

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Health Care3

Pathogens7

QMRA5

Characterize microbial1

Toxicity5

Antimicrobial resistance2

Pathogen4

20231

Species4

Dose-response5

Fecal3

Concentration3

Salmonella2

Impacts4

Microbiology3

Soil3

Contamination3

Reduction6

Quantify1

Framework6

Approach6

Bayesian1

Metabolism1

Conduct1

Microbiological water quality1

Uncertainty2

Systems10

Characterization2

Primarily1

Viral2

Assess2

Implementation1

Molecular techniques2

Methods1

Biotechnology1

Infectious1

Process5

Interventions1

Toxicology2

Contaminants1

Diseases2

Sustainable7

Water treatment3

Principles1

Coastal1

Nutrient management1

Strategies3

Organization2

Tool to evaluate1

Sciences1

Analysis1

Data1

Infection risks1

Health7

Approaches1

Measurement1

Developing3

Comparative1

Lifetime1