Management of malignant pleural effusions pleural effusion malignant. Medical search. Frequent questions

The growing number of potential management strategies, including indwelling pleural catheters (IPC), pleurodesis via a chest drain, thoracoscopic delivery of sclerosant and an increasing number of potential pleurodesis agents, has led clinicians to question what the optimal treatment is for this condition. (bmj.com)
Management options include recurrent needle drainage, drainage by long term catheter, pleurodesis via instilling of sclerosant either by bedside (blind or ultrasound guided) insertion of chest tube or at VATS, and pleurectomy by VATS or an open approach. (cancer.org.au)
At a 3 month analysis, repeat aspirations are cheaper than tunnelled pleural catheters, followed by bedside pleurodesis and thoracoscopic pleurodesis. (cancer.org.au)
At 12 months, bedside pleurodesis is cheaper than tunnelled pleural catheter followed by thoracoscopic pleurodesis and repeated aspirations. (cancer.org.au)
A low pleural fluid pH is associated with poorer survival and reduced pleurodesis efficacy. (wikipedia.org)
Relief of dyspnoea and improvement in quality of life can be achieved with either talc pleurodesis or insertion of an indwelling tunneled pleural catheter (IPC). (frontiersin.org)
All patients received a definitive pleural intervention with 77.8% pleurodesis success at 6-months and majority of them discharged on the same day. (frontiersin.org)
This is often achieved with chemical pleurodesis using medical graded talc, or an indwelling tunneled pleural catheter (IPC). (frontiersin.org)
Previously, first-line treatment for recurrent symptomatic malignant pleural effusion was chest drain insertion and talc pleurodesis, with indwelling pleural catheter insertion reserved for patients with trapped lung or failed talc pleurodesis. (ox.ac.uk)
Abstract Background Talc pleurodesis (TP) and indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) are used for the management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). (uitm.edu.my)
Effect of thoracoscopic talc poudrage vs talc slurry via chest tube on pleurodesis failure rate among patients with malignant pleural effusions: a randomized clinical trial. (intramed.net)
Pleurodesis following pleural aspiration decreases the chance of pleural effusion recurrence, and has been a widely used long-standing method of controlling recurrent pleural effusions. (scirp.org)
Dr. Jed Gorden reviews the technique of pleurodesis to manage the complication of recurrent malignant pleural effusion (MPE). (cancergrace.org)

A multi perforated 15F silicone catheter connected with a subcutaneous port was implanted in peritoneal and both pleural cavities surgically under general anesthesia. (unige.ch)
Frequently recurring pleural effusions in a patient with a prognosis of months or more may benefit from placement of a pleural catheter to allow drainage of smaller volumes more frequently at home. (caresearch.com.au)
A tunneled pleural catheter is an excellent way to manage the symptoms of a recurrent malignant pleural effusion. (cancergrace.org)

Biomarkers that have been shown to be raised in malignant pleural effusions compared to benign disease include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin, matrix metalloproteinases and tumour markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen. (wikipedia.org)
These findings on ultrasound have a sensitivity and specificity of differentiating benign from malignant effusions of 79% and 100% respectively. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Thoracic computed tomography scans and ultrasound are helpful in distinguishing malignant from benign effusions. (ox.ac.uk)
The differential diagnosis of malignant ascites includes similar benign processes, such as heart failure, cirrhosis, peritonitis, and pancreatic ascites. (mhmedical.com)
The conditions covered include benign and malignant pleural thickening, pleural effusions, empyema and pneumothoraces. (ox.ac.uk)
Benign pleural effusions were identified among 12 workers in a vermiculite processing plant in Marysville, Ohio, which received most of its vermiculite from Libby [1]. (cdc.gov)

When administered into the pleural cavity in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion, bleomycin acts as a sclerosing agent. (nih.gov)

The development of a malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is diagnostic of advanced incurable cancer, and is seen with increasing frequency as the population ages and patients with malignancy survive for longer after the diagnosis as a result of advances in oncological therapies. (ox.ac.uk)

We have inserted 231 Pleur(x) (Cardinal Health Systems, McGaw Park, IL) catheters into 202 patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusions with the goal of treating the fluid on an outpatient basis. (nih.gov)
Optimal management of symptomatic malignant pleural effusions remains an important issue as it affects a significant number of patients each year internationally. (bmj.com)

Ultrasound has a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 100% at distinguishing malignant pleural effusions from other causes of pleural effusion, based on the presence of visible pleural metastases, pleural thickening greater than 1 cm, pleural nodularity, diaphragmatic thickening measuring greater than 7mm and an echogenic swirling pattern visible in the pleural fluid. (wikipedia.org)

METHODS: A 60-year-old man with metastatic malignant melanoma presented refractory ascites as well as bilateral pleural effusions. (unige.ch)
After failure of the medical treatment, bilateral pleural aspiration and paracentesis became necessary two to three times a week. (unige.ch)
A chest radiograph revealed cardiomegaly with bilateral pleural effusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
Chest computed tomography revealed an irregular, thickened pericardium with diffuse enhancement, with loculated large amounts of pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions ( Fig. 1A ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mostly this is a right sided effusion, which could be bilateral, and rarely it is isolated left sided effusion. (scirp.org)
Bilateral pleural effusion can be seen. (medscape.com)

Insertion of Pleur(x) catheters is an effective way to treat patients with a malignant pleural effusion on an outpatient basis with a high degree of patient compliance and few complications. (nih.gov)
Tunnelled pleural catheters (TPCs) are designed to allow ambulatory or home care. (cancer.org.au)
This has led to the development of tunneled pleural catheters (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Pleurx Catheters), which allow outpatient treatment of effusions. (wikipedia.org)
Indwelling pleural catheters for malignancy-associated pleural effusion: report on a single centre's ten years of experience by: Nikolaj Frost, et al. (uitm.edu.my)

A spiral chest CT scan should be obtained for most patients with pleural effusion when the condition's etiology cannot be readily determined or when complicated pleural effusion (eg, empyema, malignancy) is suspected. (medscape.com)
A massive effusion is often attributable to an underlying malignancy. (medscape.com)
Malignant pleural effusion can occur with a primary pleural malignancy, typically mesothelioma or more commonly as a metastatic manifestation of a non pleural primary malignancy. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
The pleural space can be involved by malignancy through direct extension of tumour, haematogenous spread or through primary pleural malignancy (mesothelioma). (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Malignant pleural involvement should never be presumed and it is crucial to pathologically stage pleural effusions in the setting of malignancy. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Malignant involvement of the pleural space implies stage 4 malignancy thus radical treatment options such as surgery are not an option. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Can suspicion for malignancy improve the indication of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in patients with pleural effusion of unknown cause? (ers-education.org)
a large, long-standing, right-sided pleural effusion and a 83-fold higher pleural thyroglobulin level compared to corresponding serum, supporting this malignancy as the cause of the patient's effusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignancy is confirmed as the cause of an effusion when analysis of the fluid specimen shows malignant cells in either the cytology or cell block specimen. (mhmedical.com)

Pleural fluid cytology is positive in 60% of cases. (wikipedia.org)
Pleural fluid mesothelin has a sensitivity of 71%, greater than that of cytology, and a specificity of 89% for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. (wikipedia.org)
In cytology-negative disease, pleural biopsies are helpful. (ox.ac.uk)
Investigating unilateral pleural effusions: the role of cytology. (intramed.net)
A diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma can be made by effusion cytology: results of a 20 year audit. (intramed.net)

This can be assessed post procedurally after the drainage of the pleural fluid either by manometry or diagnostic imaging such as a chest X-ray/USG. (encyclopedia.pub)
Appropriate management of therapy and complications is possible only when adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities are readily available. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, aberrant promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in pleural fluid DNA could be a valuable diagnostic marker for malignant pleural effusion. (elsevierpure.com)
Routinely stained biopsy preparations are the most valuable diagnostic tool in malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)

A Cochrane review concluded tentatively in favour of thoracoscopy to remove the fluid and blow talc into the pleural cavity (talc poudrage) compared to other commonly used methods. (wikipedia.org)
In response to the increasing number of patients with MPE seen at our institution and the challenges with hospital bed capacity, we developed a pragmatic approach in the diagnosis and management of MPE by combining medical thoracoscopy with talc poudrage and insertion of IPC into a single day case procedure. (frontiersin.org)

Thoracentesis is the first step in the management of symptomatic MPE. (encyclopedia.pub)
Large volume thoracentesis can be done guided by pleural manometry and with USG guidance for assessing the patient's response to the removal of fluid. (encyclopedia.pub)
Thoracentesis to drain pleural effusions can sometimes improve dyspnoea and other related symptoms, however it has a risk of pneumothorax or haemothorax. (caresearch.com.au)
The management of known malignant pleural effusions focuses around the initial thoracentesis and subsequent objective and subjective findings. (stanford.edu)
Dr. Jed Gorden describes the details of how a thoracentesis is performed in order to clarify the diagnosis and treat symptoms of a malignant pleural effusion (MPE). (cancergrace.org)

Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16635 (accessed December 03, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
2023). Malignant effusions. (mhmedical.com)

Ten ml of lidocaine 2% were injected in the pleural space followed by 20 ml of iodopovidone. (scirp.org)

The Standards of Care Committee of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) established a Pleural Disease Guideline Group in December 2007. (bmj.com)
Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. (intramed.net)

Ultrasound can differentiate pleural effusion from lung collapse or pleural thickening. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Ultrasound has also developed a key role in pleural procedures. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Ultrasound should be used to "mark the spot" immediately prior to any form of pleural intervention. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

Small pulmonary metastases were first identified as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lesions on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) five years before this presentation, together with right-sided pleural thickening. (biomedcentral.com)
Chest computed tomography imaging examination revealed an irregular thickened pericardium with large amounts of pericardial effusion and a small pleural effusion. (spandidos-publications.com)

This is typically associated with shortness of breath, also know as dyspnea , so we want to try to manage these recurrent pleural effusions to minimize pulmonary symptoms (although some lung cancer patients have several reasons for shortness of breath and cough and still have symptoms even with effective management of an effusion. (cancergrace.org)

Imaging is needed to confirm the presence of a pleural effusion. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of a pleural abnormality is usually suggested following a routine chest x-ray, with a number of imaging modalities available for further characterization. (ox.ac.uk)

Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults. (bmj.com)
It usually presents with dyspnea and a unilateral large pleural effusion. (ox.ac.uk)
Unilateral pleural effusions with more than one apparent etiology. (intramed.net)

Effective palliation of symptoms with the least morbidity is the goal of management. (cancer.org.au)
Clinical factors predicting the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions are symptoms lasting more than 1 month and the absence of fever. (wikipedia.org)
Simple aspiration of pleural fluid can relieve shortness of breath rapidly but fluid and symptoms will usually recur within a couple of weeks. (wikipedia.org)
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) often results in debilitating symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
MPE is usually the result of malignant infiltration of the pleural and commonly causes debilitating symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, and chest pain. (frontiersin.org)
The management of MPE is challenging and is mainly focused on the relief of symptoms and the improvement of the patients' quality of life. (encyclopedia.pub)
Dyspnea and nonpleuritic chest wall pain are the most common presenting symptoms of malignant pleural mesothelioma, with at least 1 of these occurring in 60-90% of patients. (medscape.com)

Verma et al, investigated whether the addition of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in patients with a malignant pleural effusion is more successful in preventing pleural fluid re-accumulation following initial drainage. (cancer.org.au)
Chylous pleural or ascitic fluid is generally associated with obstruction of lymphatic drainage as might occur in lymphoma. (mhmedical.com)
Pleural drainage carries the risk of massive protein and electrolyte depletion as well as the risk of bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy. (scirp.org)

Management of spontaneous pneumothorax. (bmj.com)

BACKGROUND: Pleural or peritoneal effusions (ascites) are frequent in terminal stage malignancies. (unige.ch)
CONCLUSION: Implanted port systems for refractory ascites and pleural effusions avoid morbidity and the patient's anxiety related to repeated puncture-aspiration. (unige.ch)
Wisconsin Fast Facts: Palliative Treatment of Malignant Ascites. (caresearch.com.au)
the most common malignancies associated with malignant ascites are ovarian, colorectal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. (mhmedical.com)
Traditional treatment of hepatic hydrothorax in a patient who failed medical management of ascites remains problematic and controversial and no guideline for an ideal method is available at the present [8]. (scirp.org)

Lung cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma contribute to the majority of these effusions, followed by gynecological malignancies and malignant mesothelioma [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Malignant pleural effusions are a common clinical problem, and a wide variety of malignancies can metastasise to the pleura. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignancies involving mesothelial cells that normally line the body cavities, including the pleura (see the images below), peritoneum, pericardium, and testis, are known as malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
Our study aimed to report the management of hematological malignancies at the Centre National d'Oncologie Médicale et de Radiothérapie Alassane Ouattara (CNRAO). (bvsalud.org)

A 71-year-old Caucasian man diagnosed with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer was referred to the Pleural Clinic for management of a large right-sided effusion. (biomedcentral.com)

Identification of pleural fluid biomarkers to distinguish malignant pleural effusions from other causes of exudative effusions would help diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
However, it has been shown that the initial events that take place after the intrapleural administration of a sclerosing agent include the denudation of mesothelial cells and the subsequent development of an exudative pleural effusion. (scirp.org)

A Chest radiograph is usually performed first and may demonstrate an underlying lung cancer as well as the pleural effusion. (wikipedia.org)
Anteroposterior upright chest radiograph shows a massive left-sided pleural effusion with contralateral mediastinal shift. (medscape.com)
Left lateral decubitus chest radiograph shows fluid layering on the left side, which is not a loculated effusion. (medscape.com)
Patients may also be asymptomatic, with evidence of a pleural effusion noted incidentally on physical examination or by chest radiograph. (medscape.com)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon cause of malignant pleural effusion, with only 10 cases reported in the literature, their physical characteristics and composition having been rarely described. (biomedcentral.com)
We report for the first time a distinctive dark brown pigmentation of the pleural fluid from metastatic malignant papillary thyroid carcinoma, as explained by our biochemical finding of a high iodine content in the fluid. (biomedcentral.com)

Other common causes include pleural mesothelioma and lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
In the absence of mediastinal shift, the differential diagnosis is narrowed to carcinoma of the ipsilateral mainstem bronchus with or without ipsilateral lung atelectasis, fixed mediastinum caused by fibrosis or tumor infiltration of the mediastinal lymph nodes, tumor infiltration of the ipsilateral lung, malignant mesothelioma, or complete atelectasis of the ipsilateral lung. (medscape.com)
In Ireland mesothelioma is an infrequent diagnosis and therefore the majority of cases of MPE represent advanced Stage IV malignant disease. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid malignant mesothelioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
Primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma (PMPM) is an extremely rare and refractory disorder. (spandidos-publications.com)
Unlike pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, the association between exposure to asbestos and PMPM remains controversial ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Malignant mesothelioma. (intramed.net)
Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum. (cdc.gov)
This particular case covers a patient with a mesothelioma, cancer of the lining around the lung, which is also known as malignant pleural mesothelioma. (cancergrace.org)
Asbestos, particularly the types of amphibole asbestos known as crocidolite and amosite asbestos, is the principal carcinogen implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
This image shows the extensive pleural thickening that is characteristic of mesothelioma, effusion, and reduction in the volume of the affected hemithorax. (medscape.com)
The classic description of malignant pleural mesothelioma is a thickening in the pleural space with encasement of the lung by a rindlike visceral pleura. (medscape.com)

In patients with better performance status, repeated simple aspiration may lead to adhesion formation that can in the future make lung expansion and pleural adhesions more difficult or less effective. (cancer.org.au)

Lung cancer and breast cancer account for about 50-65% of malignant pleural effusions. (wikipedia.org)
5 Metastatic involvement of the pleural space by lung cancer is associated with the shortest median survival of 3 months, however novel targeted therapies may improve this prognosis. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Interventional pulmonologist Dr. Jed Gorden reviews malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are a common complication of lung cancer and some other cancers. (cancergrace.org)
Between 7 and 15% of patients with lung cancer develop a malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a fluid collection outside of the lung in the chest cavity. (cancergrace.org)
Pleural effusions related to lung cancer are quite common, so it's time that I discussed this issue. (cancergrace.org)

Occur in pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal spaces. (mhmedical.com)
The development of an effusion in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal space may be the initial finding in a patient with cancer, or an effusion may appear during the course of disease progression. (mhmedical.com)

Evidence here is changing, it seems there has been some local work which is yet to be published, but the results favour more conservative management of primary pneumothorax in most instances. (otago.ac.nz)

In this retrospective chart-based study, patients who had undergone the above-mentioned procedure between March 2017 and March 2020 for diagnosis or management of a suspected or proven MPE were identified. (frontiersin.org)
Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive d'une durée de 2 ans 3 mois allant du 1er janvier 2018 au 31 Mars 2020 portant sur 80 dossiers de malades porteurs d'hémopathies malignes et prise en charge dans le centre. (bvsalud.org)

Results: The sclerotherapy procedure was successful in 40 out of 56 cases (71.4%), and the success rate was 66.7% in massive effusion and reached 80% in moderate effusion. (scirp.org)

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common clinical problem, affecting around 15% of those with cancer, 1 equating to at least 250 000 people each year in the UK and US combined. (bmj.com)
Clinical question:What is the optimal management of malignant pleural effusions? (cancer.org.au)
After the initial stabilization of the patient, clinical suspicion for pleural effusion should be confirmed with appropriate radiographic evaluation. (medscape.com)
Abstract: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common clinical entity affecting 40,000 people per year in the UK. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Pleural effusions are a common clinical problem and affect about one million people in the United States and United Kingdom each year. (biomedcentral.com)
Such a characteristic may be useful in expediting diagnosis of a malignant pleural effusion in the appropriate clinical context. (biomedcentral.com)
Pleural fluid pigmentation may aid diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. (biomedcentral.com)
Pleural effusion is common in clinical practice and can be caused by over 60 pulmonary or systemic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. (intramed.net)

The goal of treatment of malignant pleural effusions is relief of shortness of breath. (wikipedia.org)
Patients with pleural and pericardial effusions complain of shortness of breath and orthopnea. (mhmedical.com)

4 USS outperforms CT at identifying pleural features such as: pleural thickness, nodules and adhesions. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common problem for patients with metastatic cancer. (cancer.org.au)
We describe for the first time a distinctive brown colour of the malignant effusion (despite centrifugation) from a rare case of metastatic papillary thyroid cancer to the pleura, associated with a high pleural fluid iodine content. (biomedcentral.com)
A distinctive iodine-like brown colour of pleural fluid may represent elevated iodine content and should raise consideration of metastatic thyroid cancer as a cause for a pleural effusion. (biomedcentral.com)

It refers to the abnormal accumulation of more than 500 milliliters of transudative pleural effusion in patients with liver cirrhosis where a cardiac and pulmonary cause of pleural effusion has been ruled out [1]. (scirp.org)

Laboratory evaluation of patients with a pleural effusion is directed at first determining if the effusion is an exudate or a transudate. (medscape.com)
The distinction between transudate and exudate is generally made by measurement of serum and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and protein concentrations. (medscape.com)
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is the second most common cause of pleural exudate and affects 15% of all patients with cancer [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

In samples from 47 patients with malignant pleural effusions and 34 with nonmalignant effusions, we used a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction to detect aberrant hypermethylation of the promoters of the DNA repair gene O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p16 INK4a , ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), apoptosis-related genes, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), and retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ). (elsevierpure.com)
The differential diagnosis of a malignant pleural or pericardial effusion includes nonmalignant processes, such as infection, PE, heart failure, and trauma. (mhmedical.com)
Nonmalignant pleural effusions: a prospective study of 356 consecutive unselected patients. (intramed.net)
A strong exposure-response relationship exists for many malignant and nonmalignant outcomes and the most common outcome, pleural plaques, may occur at low lifetime cumulative exposures. (cdc.gov)
This review will focus on the main nonmalignant and malignant respiratory outcomes associated with exposure to Libby vermiculite, with emphasis on recent findings. (cdc.gov)

Malignant pleural effusion is a condition in which cancer causes an abnormal amount of fluid to collect between the thin layers of tissue (pleura) lining the outside of the lung and the wall of the chest cavity. (wikipedia.org)
Transmission of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis to the pleural cavity further changes the criteria of fluid analysis [5]. (scirp.org)

Colchicine or prednisone may be administered for severe inflammatory pericardial effusions or when NSAID treatment has failed. (medscape.com)
Autoimmune pericardial effusions may respond to treatment with anti-inflammatory medications. (medscape.com)

Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication of cancer and denotes a poor prognosis. (ox.ac.uk)

On physical examination, findings of pleural effusion are usually noted upon percussion and auscultation. (medscape.com)

[ 1 ] It is the most common manifestation of pleural disease. (medscape.com)
Pleural disease remains common, affecting over 3000 people per million population each year. (bmj.com)
Pleural disease originates from a wide range of pathologies and a systematic approach to the investigation and management is therefore required. (bmj.com)
The objective was to produce an evidence-based update of the last pleural disease guidelines published in 2003. (bmj.com)
This guideline is intended for use by all healthcare professionals who may be involved in pleural disease management. (bmj.com)
The guideline addresses the investigation and medical management of pleural disease in adults. (bmj.com)
A Working Party was established with representation from a range of professionals with an interest in pleural disease together with a lay representative (see full list of Guideline Group members at the end of this section). (bmj.com)
18 Havelock T, Teoh R, Laws D, Gleeson F, on behalf of the BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. (intramed.net)
Imaging of pleural disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and subsequent management of patients with pleural disease. (ox.ac.uk)

A malignant pleural effusion can cause significant morbidity to terminal patients. (nih.gov)

Bhatnagar R, Maskell N. The modern diagnosis and management of pleural effusions. (gpnotebook.com)

This article describes the radiographic and cross-sectional appearances of pleural diseases, which are commonly encountered in every day practice. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes2

Health Care6

Pleurodesis13

Catheter3

Benign6

Treatment of malignant pleural1

Development of a malignant pleural1

Symptomatic malignant pleural effusions2

Causes of pleural effusion1

Bilateral6

Catheters5

Malignancy9

Cytology5

Diagnostic4

Thoracoscopy2

Thoracentesis5

20232

Injected in the pleural space1

Thoracic2

Ultrasound3

Computed tomography2

Recurrent pleural effusions1

Presence of a pleural2

Unilateral3

Symptoms7

Drainage3

Spontaneous pneumothorax1

Ascites5

Malignancies4

Right-sided effusion1

Exudative2

Chest radiograph4

Papillary thyroid c2

Mesothelioma12

Aspiration1

Lung Cancer5

Peritoneal2

Pneumothorax1

20202

Massive effusion1

Clinical9

Shortness of bre2

Adhesions1

Metastatic3

Pulmonary1

Exudate3

Nonmalignant5

Cavity2

Pericardial effusions2

Common complication1

Findings1

Disease10

Morbidity1

Diagnosis and Management1

Diseases1