• Overproduction of prolactin by the pituitary gland can cause galactorrhea (excessive or abnormal lactation) and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). (rnpedia.com)
  • This occurs when the iron levels in the blood are extremely high, which results in testicular failure or a malfunction of the pituitary gland, so the adequate production of testosterone is affected. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • It points to a hypothalamic or pituitary gland problem. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • It is a type of secondary hypogonadism that affects both men and women, which involves the abnormal development of the area of the brain that is in charge of controlling the secretion of the pituitary gland hormones. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • A malfunction in the pituitary gland might affect the hormone level secretion in the testicle, which affects the production of testosterone. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • Some inflammatory diseases might affect the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, which therefore affects the normal production of hormones. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • AIDS might cause hypogonadism as it directly affects the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, which decreases certain hormone levels such as the testosterone levels. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • Using the same procedure, we now report the birth of live lambs from three new cell populations established from adult mammary gland, fetus and embryo. (todayinsci.com)
  • The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)
  • At present, this is only possible with mice, using so-called embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
  • The new technique means they will not need embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
  • The employment of adult somatic cells in lieu of embryonic stem cells for cloning emerged from the foundational work of John Gurdon, who cloned African clawed frogs in 1958 with this approach. (wikipedia.org)
  • It involves introduction of modified DNA into embryonic stem-cells, which will take up the DNA and hopefully express the desired genes. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)
  • The most frequent cause is unknown (idiopathic), but it may be due to genetic causes (Fragile X Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, etc.), autoimmune (thyroid disease, adrenal gland disease), endocrine or secondary to chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatments, removal of the ovaries. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • Addison's disease: A rare disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • Adrenal glands: Small glands located on top of the kidneys that produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • Adrenalectomy: The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • English embryologist who in 1996 supervised the team of scientists that produced a lamb named Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a cell from an adult. (todayinsci.com)
  • Fertilization of mammalian eggs is followed by successive cell divisions and progressive differentiation, first into the early embryo and subsequently into all of the cell types that make up the adult animal. (todayinsci.com)
  • The fact that a lamb was derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required far development to term. (todayinsci.com)
  • The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells also reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to became quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells. (todayinsci.com)
  • Viable Offspring Derived from Petal and Adult Mammalian Cells', Nature (1997), 385 , 810. (todayinsci.com)
  • is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The difference with Dolly is that all her DNA originated in a cell from the udder of an adult sheep. (newscientist.com)
  • And Jonathan Slack, an embryologist at the University of Bath, says that it is dangerous to base big ideas on a single case of a lamb raised from an adult ewe cell. (newscientist.com)
  • Particularly valuable animals could be cloned from adult cells without the uncertainties of crossing them with other animals or tinkering with embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • Dolly (5 July 1996 - 14 February 2003) was a female Finn-Dorset sheep and the first mammal that was cloned from an adult somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • She was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilized oocyte (developing egg cell) that has had its cell nucleus removed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dolly was the first clone produced from a cell taken from an adult mammal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even though Dolly was not the first animal cloned, she received media attention because she was the first cloned from an adult cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
  • It is packed with antibodies, immune cells, and other essential substances that boost a baby's immune system. (cereschill.com)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • Agglutination: The clumping of cells together, usually due to the presence of antibodies. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • A year ago, we showed that you could do it with cells from embryos," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
  • They fuse as one cell," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
  • On Dolly's name, Wilmut stated "Dolly is derived from a mammary gland cell and we couldn't think of a more impressive pair of glands than Dolly Parton's. (wikipedia.org)
  • Her cloning proved that a cloned organism could be produced from a mature cell from a specific body part. (wikipedia.org)
  • An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
  • They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)
  • The successful cloning of Dolly led to widespread advancements within stem cell research, including the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The potential of intra-articular injection of chondrogenic-induced bone marrow stem cells to retard the progression of osteoarthritis in a sheep model. (sciendo.com)
  • 2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
  • Stem Cells Transl. (sciendo.com)
  • Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
  • Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
  • Adipose stem cells in reparative goat mastitis mammary gland. (sciendo.com)
  • Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Sheep: Culture Characteristics. (sciendo.com)
  • Cryopreserved allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound repair in full thickness skin wound model and cattle clinical teat injuries. (sciendo.com)
  • EVs derived from stem cells have already been shown to help heart cells recover after a heart attack, but exactly how they help and whether the beneficial effect is specific to EVs derived from stem cells has remained a mystery. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The team also demonstrated that these intercellular travelers could be derived from endothelial cells, which line the surface of blood vessels and are more abundant and easier to maintain than stem cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
  • The first offspring to develop from a differentiated cell were born after nuclear transfer from an embryo-derived cell line that had been induced to became quiescent. (todayinsci.com)
  • She was cloned by associates of the Roslin Institute in Scotland, using the process of nuclear transfer from a cell taken from a mammary gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • At present, people's demand for meat, eggs, and milk has increased gradually, which has also led to a considerable increase in the proportion of some traditional animal husbandry industries in the agricultural industrial structure. (ballyabio.com)
  • We were diagnosed with a fetal syndrome called Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome. (issuu.com)
  • Because there is a disconnect between the research taking place, medical practitioners, and those that have been and will be facing a fetal syndrome diagnosis, this is where Connexions comes in. (issuu.com)
  • Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. (sciendo.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • First, they extract immature, unfertilised egg cells called oocytes from the ovaries of ewes. (newscientist.com)
  • The ovaries are where the egg formation takes place, which will later be fertilised by a spermatozoid to produce an embryo which, when implanted in the uterus, will generate gestation. (institutobernabeu.com)
  • Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. (newscientist.com)
  • The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone, therefore, proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dolly was born on 5 July 1996 and had three mothers: one provided the egg, another the DNA, and a third carried the cloned embryo to term. (wikipedia.org)
  • The production of Dolly showed that genes in the nucleus of such a mature differentiated somatic cell are still capable of reverting to an embryonic totipotent state, creating a cell that can then go on to develop into any part of an animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. (lookformedical.com)
  • Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
  • Intra-articular injection of expanded autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis is safe: a phase I/II study. (sciendo.com)
  • After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • A chemical released by cancer cells that induces motility, enabling the cells to metastasize. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, which disrupt the signal transduction in neurons and other glia cells. (preprints.org)
  • Immunoselected STRO-3+ mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. (sciendo.com)
  • A mediator released in response to inflammation when mast cells are injured. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Both systems have gonads that produce (sperm and egg or ovum) and sex organs. (wikibooks.org)
  • a type of cancer that originates in the glandular cells, which are responsible for producing and secreting fluids or mucus in various organs of the body. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • Transfer of a single nucleus at a specific stage of development, to an enucleated unfertilized egg, provided an opportunity to investigate whether cellular differentiation to that stage involved irreversible genetic modification. (todayinsci.com)
  • The development of women's "eggs" are arrested during fetal development. (wikibooks.org)
  • Dolly's DNA came from a cell in the udder of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. (newscientist.com)
  • The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
  • He points out that it is easy to get a "false positive" when attempting to transplant a nucleus, because researchers might inadvertently fail to remove all the original DNA from the egg. (newscientist.com)
  • Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have unraveled potential mechanisms behind the healing power of EVs and demonstrated their capacity to not only revive cells after a heart attack but keep cells functioning while deprived of oxygen during a heart attack. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The researchers induced injury by three hours of oxygen restrictions followed by 90 minutes of reoxygenation and then measured the fraction of dead cells and the contractile force of the tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • a glimpse at the fetal health team. (issuu.com)
  • The team also found that injured cardiomyocytes that had been treated with EEVs exhibited a set of proteins that was more similar to the uninjured ones compared with untreated cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Surprisingly, the team also observed that cells treated with EEVs continued to contract even without oxygen. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The Honeycomb Game is a word-building game: make words by clicking on cells in the honeycomb below. (claylane.uk)
  • a condition in which the body doesn't have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen throughout the body. (drpaulkilgore.com)
  • With this study, we have mimicked a human disease on a chip with human cells and developed a novel therapeutic approach to treat it. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • We found hope through fetal surgery and today our girls are healthy, active, and bring joy to our lives in ways we could never have imagined. (issuu.com)
  • Our findings indicate that EEVs could protect cardiac tissue from reoxygenation injury in part by supplementing the injured cells with proteins and signaling molecules that support different metabolic processes, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches," said Andr G. Kl ber, a Visiting Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School and co-author of the study. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells ( gametes), are involved: the male gamete (sperm), and the female gamete (egg or ovum). (wikibooks.org)
  • The cell two vessels afford instructive stage #15 or imperfectly studied to present. (ontopofmusic.com)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • ABBR: EGF A polypeptide that stimulates growth of several different cells, including keratinocytes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It is an opportunity to share the many faces of fetal syndromes. (issuu.com)
  • More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • Every letter carries a certain number of points (much as in Scrabble) and the darker-shaded cells bring a bonus. (claylane.uk)
  • 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Use of a chronic model of articular cartilage and meniscal injury for the assessment of long-term effects after autologous mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in Steep. (sciendo.com)
  • A growth factor produced by the cell that stimulates the same cell to grow. (unboundmedicine.com)