Mammary gland diseases clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for many TNBC patients, who lack estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor, making them ineligible for hormone or anti-HER2 therapy. (medindia.net)

Long-term exposure to estrogens and non-estrogenic agents with estrogenic actions, such as endocrine disruptors, may be important in human breast carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exposure to hormonal growth promoters or endocrine disruptors elevates the probability of histological alterations in human mammary epithelial cells, which may lead to the growth of pre-neoplastic cells ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Endocrine female infertility is a violation of a woman's reproductive function caused by a lack of normal folliculogenesis and ovulation in the ovaries. (clomid-info.com)
The internal secretory organs of the body are the endocrine glands, but other non-secretory organs such as the heart, spleen, and brain are also referred to as glandulars or protomorphogens. (drsrelief.com)
The use of multiple glands within a formula establishes nutrition for specific endocrine axis pathways. (drsrelief.com)

Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidation of the bovine mammary gland transcriptome by RNA-seq is essential for identifying candidate genes that contribute to milk composition traits in dairy cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
We used massive, parallel, high-throughput, RNA-seq to generate the bovine transcriptome from the mammary glands of four lactating Holstein cows with extremely high and low phenotypic values of milk protein and fat percentage. (biomedcentral.com)
This study investigated the complexity of the mammary gland transcriptome in dairy cattle using RNA-seq. (biomedcentral.com)
however, no studies on the bovine mammary gland transcriptome by RNA-seq have been published. (biomedcentral.com)
Two studies on the transcriptome of the mammary gland of Holstein cows using an oligonucleotide microarray have been presented, one of which compared the gene expression profile before (dry) and after (milk) parturition, using an Affymetrix cDNA array [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Ex vivo fibroblasts from mice fed dietary-AGEs retain an activated phenotype and promoted epithelial migration and invasion of non-transformed immortalized and tumor-derived mammary epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A previous report demonstrated that zeranol is comparable to natural 17β-estradiol (E2) and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol in its ability to transform MCF-10A normal human breast epithelial cells to a pre-cancerous phenotype in vitro ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The results demonstrated that low dose zeranol (2‑50 nM) was able to significantly promote cell proliferation, aromatase mRNA expression, aromatase activity and estrogen production in primary cultured human breast preadipocytes, thus suggesting that zeranol may act as an aromatase activator. (spandidos-publications.com)
Mastitis increases mammary mRNA abundance of {beta}-Defensin 5, Toll-Like-Receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 but Not TLR9 in cattle. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)
However, differential accumulation of STAT5 alpha and STAT5 beta mRNA has been reported for both muscle and mammary tissue. (thermofisher.com)

Parathyroid and spleen lyophilized gland concentrate with synergistic ingredients. (drsrelief.com)

ERα is thought to be responsible for pubertal development of the adult phenotype, through mediation of mammary gland response to estrogens. (wikipedia.org)
Concerns have been raised regarding the effects of environmental estrogens as potential regulators of aromatase expression in human breast cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
It is clear that estrogens increase mammary gland cell proliferation, predominantly via estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms in estrogen-dependent breast tumors ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

ERα is similarly essential in the maturation and maintenance of the male reproductive phenotype, as male ERKO mice are infertile and present undersized testes. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the reproductive performance of male ERKO mice is hindered by abnormalities in sexual physiology and behavior, such as impaired spermatogenesis and loss of intromission and ejaculatory responses. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, the functions of the mammary gland-including both lactation and release of prolactin-are greatly impaired in ERKO mice. (wikipedia.org)
This has been a problem for investigators who view rat behavior and physiology as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice. (microscopyu.com)
To address this knowledge gap, FVB/n mice were fed regular, low AGE, and high AGE diets from 3 weeks of age and mammary glands harvested during puberty (7 weeks) or adulthood (12 weeks and 7 months) to determine the effects upon mammary gland development. (biomedcentral.com)
We observed a disruption in mammary gland development when mice were fed a diet high in AGEs. (biomedcentral.com)
A comparative radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 18 and homologous chromosomes in human and mice. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)
Mice homozygous for a null allele are viable, fertile, and show normal mammary gland development and no spontaneous mammary tumors. (jax.org)
However, in an oncogene-driven breast cancer mouse model, mice show increased mammary hyperplasia and tumor growth paradoxically associated with reduced lung metastases. (jax.org)

Identification of two polymorphic microsatellite repeats on a bovine TNFA-containing BAC clone. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)

Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. (lookformedical.com)

UDS activity in the rat liver of the human carcinogens benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, and the rodent carcinogens 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and direct black 38. (cdc.gov)

Application of disease-associated differentially expressed genes--mining for functional candidate genes for mastitis resistance in cattle. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)

is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
An Ancient Mutation in the TPH1 Gene is Consistent with the Changes in Mammalian Reproductive Rhythm. (nih.gov)
Though smaller and less complex than that of humans, the rat brain is extremely useful as a subject of study because most regions of the brain are essentially the same among mammalian species. (microscopyu.com)
The reproductive systems of mammalian males contain a component called the epididymis. (microscopyu.com)
Some examples include the specialized hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, that display a spectacularly polarized organization of kinocilia and stereocilia on their apical surfaces, the dynamic ciliated cells of the tracheal and reproductive tract epithelia, and cells in the gastrulating vertebrate embryo that display polarized migration and intercalation behaviors. (stanford.edu)
CB1 and CB2 have been cloned and characterized from mammalian tissues, the main difference between them being their tissue expression pattern [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Dairy cows are often culled at quite young ages due to an inability to cope adequately with metabolic and infectious diseases, resulting in reduced milk production and infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes and pathways associated with lactation number in cows were identified for the first time to date, and we found that many were comparable to those known to be associated with ageing in humans and model organisms. (biomedcentral.com)

After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)

ERα is essential in the maturation of the female reproductive phenotype. (wikipedia.org)

Although the major site of estrogen production is reproductive tissue, peripheral estrogen synthesis in adipose or fat tissue is thought to be a major source of estrogen in postmenopausal women ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The advance in understanding the SHH signaling pathway will give us more clues to the mechanisms of tissue repair and regeneration, as well as the development of new treatment for diseases related to dysregulation of SHH signaling pathway. (regenmedres-journal.org)
PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. (lookformedical.com)

In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1). (wikipedia.org)
The recent cloning of the human RLX receptor (LGR7), a member of the leucine-rich repeat family of G-protein-coupled orphan receptors, and detection of LGR7 gene transcripts in the heart confirm this organ as a target for RLX (H2). (phoenixbiotech.net)

A gland is defined as a secretory organ. (drsrelief.com)

Cattle, goats, and sheep are the primary reservoirs of human infection. (cdc.gov)
They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS. (lookformedical.com)

Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)

Mutations in this gene have been associated with an elevated risk for a variety of diseases and disorders, including schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, anger-related traits, bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, addictions, and others. (nih.gov)
Research with the rodents has also been critical in testing new drug treatments for the disease, as well as investigations of other potential therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy. (microscopyu.com)
[2] In humans, the gene CYP19, located on chromosome 15q 21.1, encodes the aromatase enzyme. (wikidoc.org)
Besides genetic data, gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway analysis offer new opportunities to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of complex traits in humans and farm animals. (biomedcentral.com)

In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
The colon extends from the small intestine to the anal opening and is about five feet long in a human adult. (microscopyu.com)
Only, equating zygotes with adult human beings fails to recognize the science behind conception, as Bill Nye points out in an older video that has recently gained new relevancy. (upworthy.com)

Humans and other higher primates have three RLX genes, designated H1, H2 and H3, of which H2 RLX is the major stored and circulating form. (phoenixbiotech.net)

In the brain, ERα is found in hypothalamus, and preoptic area, and arcuate nucleus, all three of which have been linked to reproductive behavior, and the masculinization of the mouse brain appears to take place through ERα function. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, studies in models of psychopathology and neurodegenerative disease states suggest that estrogen receptors mediate the neuroprotective role of estrogen in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Much of what has been learned about the human brain has been discovered from research on the rat brain. (microscopyu.com)
The rat brain has been heavily employed as an animal model for various neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. (microscopyu.com)
The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)

Study participants who consumed more than 50 grams of plain yogurt per day (about 0.20 cup), regardless of fat content, had a lower risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a lower mortality risk from all other causes of death (except ischemic heart disease) compared with participants that consumed less than 25 grams of yogurt per day [4]. (milkgenomics.org)

Many of these developmental abnormalities are common to human development. (edu.au)
Because the consumption of processed foods, and subsequently AGE intake, has increased in modern times, it is important that we understand the potential for these compounds to alter development and lead to diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
LPA receptors and autotaxin (ATX), a secreted phosphodiesterase that produces this phospholipid, are overexpressed in many cancers and impact several features of the disease, including cancer-related inflammation, development, and progression. (hindawi.com)

In 1966, his final year at Nottingham, he received a scholarship to conduct research for a summer under English biologist Ernest John Christopher Polge in the Unit of Reproductive Physiology and Biochemistry, then a division of the Agricultural Research Council at the University of Cambridge. (mathisfunforum.com)
Dr. Albers develops mathematical models of physiology, machine learning models, and their associated inference methods to support the extraction and creation of new knowledge from data related to diabetes, to support clinician-centric decision support, and to support patient-centric decision support for chronic disease self-management. (cuanschutz.edu)

Combination glandular products are especially effective as their components, such as amino acids and gland peptides, provide synergistic targeting effects for other nutrients. (drsrelief.com)

The state of the reproductive system is negatively affected by the deterioration of the environmental situation and harmful working conditions, the widespread occurrence of sexually transmitted infections, early abortions. (clomid-info.com)

Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed compromised chicken dendritic cells function at early stage of very virulent infectious Bursal disease virus infection. (upm.edu.my)

Educational, interventional, and pharmacological strategies to reduce AGEs associated with diet may be viewed as novel disease preventive and/or therapeutic initiatives during puberty. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased alcohol consumption is also associated with numerous diseases including hepatic dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
The dysfunction of SHH pathway is involved in a variety of diseases, including cancer, birth defects, and other diseases. (regenmedres-journal.org)
Focusing solely on single gland dysfunction often misses subtle glandular interrelationships. (drsrelief.com)

This antibody recognizes the STAT5a protein from a variety of species including human, mouse, and rat and it reacts specifically with the STAT5a protein and does not exhibit any cross-reactivity with the highly related STAT5b protein. (thermofisher.com)

In each case, PCP is critical to the function of these cells and tissues, and errors in the signaling system controlling PCP lead to human diseases and developmental defects, including congenital deafness, neural tube closure defects and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. (stanford.edu)
To answer how a cell becomes resistant to chemotherapy, one must understand that cancer often begins with a clone - a single mutated cell that either can be destroyed by the immune system, or mutated further as subclones, genetic aberrations resulting in an ever-evolving cellular pathway to cancer. (medindia.net)

In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)

Previous studies have identified many immune pathways which are consistently altered in humans and model organisms as they age. (biomedcentral.com)

The telomeric region of BTA18 containing a potential QTL region for health in cattle exhibits high similarity to the HSA19q region in humans. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)

It is found in close association with arthropod and vertebrate hosts, and it causes Q fever in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
Mammary epithelial cell migration and invasion in response to AGE-mediated fibroblast activation was determined in two-compartment co-culture models. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, both epithelial and stromal cell populations were impacted by the high AGE diet in the mammary gland. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactivity has been confirmed by western blotting using cell lysates derived from human A431 cells (+/- EGF treatment), NIH 3T3 cells, MCF-7 cells, and HeLa cells. (thermofisher.com)
Not only do whole organs possess the nutrients required by the gland, but the vitamins, minerals, peptides, and DNA material that are present in the gland are thought to act as "cell signalers," initiating neurotrophic effects and establishing metabolic communication. (drsrelief.com)

These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
As cloning techniques are perfected, rats likely will become an important subject of genetic research. (microscopyu.com)
Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs [3] "Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. (edu.au)

Infertility is not a disease, but a dysfunctional condition caused by a number of diseases in which the onset of pregnancy becomes impossible. (clomid-info.com)
The purpose of this article was to systematize data on the causes of infertility, methods for their diagnosis, the main stages and methods of treatment, to highlight current trends in the tactics of infertile marriage, the latest treatment methods, the role of assisted reproductive technologies and their effectiveness. (clomid-info.com)
According to statistics, 40-60% of cases of infertility are caused by violations of the reproductive function of women, 5-6% are men, 27-48% are caused by violations in both spouses, and in 5% of cases it is not possible to identify the cause of infertility. (clomid-info.com)

Human growth hormone was also introduced to pigs. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)

In the present study, primary cultured human breast preadipocytes were used as an in vitro model. (spandidos-publications.com)
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of the disease accounting for 12 to 18 percent of breast cancers. (medindia.net)

The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by the problematic technique of nuclear transfer. (microscopyu.com)

Hormonal changes related to the disease are often difficult to distinguish from those found in the normal transition period from gestation to lactation. (biomedcentral.com)

In humans, the disease may appear in 2 forms, acute and chronic ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Obesity-related diseases including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer are a leading cause of preventable death. (cshlpress.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms13

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Epidermal growth1

Endocrine5

Transcriptome6

Epithelial cells2

MRNA3

Spleen1

Estrogens3

Mice9

Bovine1

Uterus1

Liver1

Differentially expressed genes1

Mammalian6

Cows2

Embryo1

Phenotype1

Tissue3

Receptor2

Secretory1

Goats2

Dolly2

Gene4

Adult3

Genes1

Brain5

Cardiovascular1

Development3

Physiology2

Amino1

Negatively1

Infectious1

Puberty1

Dysfunction3

Protein1

System2

Therapeutic3

Immune1

Cattle1

Vertebrate1

Pathways1

Cell6

Genetic3

Infertility3

Pigs1

Breast2

Laboratory2

Hormonal1

Chronic1

Heart1