• The employment of adult somatic cells in lieu of embryonic stem cells for cloning emerged from the foundational work of John Gurdon, who cloned African clawed frogs in 1958 with this approach. (wikipedia.org)
  • At present, this is only possible with mice, using so-called embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
  • The new technique means they will not need embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
  • It involves introduction of modified DNA into embryonic stem-cells, which will take up the DNA and hopefully express the desired genes. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)
  • However, their real aim was to create so-called human embryonic stem cells to replace worn-out body parts. (zmescience.com)
  • They were surprised to find that the cells didn't turn into embryonic stem cells as in the previous study by Yamaka. (zmescience.com)
  • Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
  • Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) normally expressed at low levels in epithelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • RON was found to be primarily expressed in cells of epithelial origin such as colon, breast and skin ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
  • whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
  • During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In between E28 and E40, the placodes develop into bulb-shaped buds of epithelial cells by invagination into the underlying mesenchyme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently the size of the buds is slowly increasing and at E80 the mesenchymal cells surrounding the epithelial buds start to condense to become the mammary mesenchyme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Only late in prenatal development the epithelial buds elongate to the mammary mesenchyme to form a sprout, which creates a small duct. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammary glands remain at this rudimentary stage, while the epithelial duct slowly grows until it reaches puberty [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The initiation of the mammary gland development and the early stage of morphogenesis are controlled by reciprocal interaction between epithelial and surrounding mesenchymal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells. (lsbio.com)
  • Our major project is to investige a pathway that controls the polarity of epithelial cells within the plane of the epithelium. (stanford.edu)
  • The Hippo kinase pathway is emerging as a conserved signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, contact inhibition, cell migration, cell differentiation, stem cell self-renewal, genetic stability, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (oncotarget.com)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Dolly was born on 5 July 1996 and had three mothers: one provided the egg, another the DNA, and a third carried the cloned embryo to term. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fertilization of mammalian eggs is followed by successive cell divisions and progressive differentiation, first into the early embryo and subsequently into all of the cell types that make up the adult animal. (todayinsci.com)
  • The first offspring to develop from a differentiated cell were born after nuclear transfer from an embryo-derived cell line that had been induced to became quiescent. (todayinsci.com)
  • Using the same procedure, we now report the birth of live lambs from three new cell populations established from adult mammary gland, fetus and embryo. (todayinsci.com)
  • They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)
  • The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)
  • After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
  • This achievement marked the first time scientists transformed an adult cell into an embryo, resulting in a genetically identical animal to the donor. (biotecnika.org)
  • In many animals, the germ cells originate near the gut of an embryo and migrate to the developing gonads. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The technique used by Reik and his team comes from the 1990s when researchers from the Roslin Institute found a way to turn an adult mammary gland cell taken from a sheep into an embryo. (zmescience.com)
  • Some examples include the specialized hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, that display a spectacularly polarized organization of kinocilia and stereocilia on their apical surfaces, the dynamic ciliated cells of the tracheal and reproductive tract epithelia, and cells in the gastrulating vertebrate embryo that display polarized migration and intercalation behaviors. (stanford.edu)
  • The production of Dolly showed that genes in the nucleus of such a mature differentiated somatic cell are still capable of reverting to an embryonic totipotent state, creating a cell that can then go on to develop into any part of an animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of gene cloning, through recombinant DNA techniques and rapid DNA sequencing, has made it possible in recent years not only to discover and record how genes are put together but to manipulate the stuff of life itself-achievements which could not be imagined even a decade ago. (newstimenow.com)
  • Here, we identified RON genes from 14 vertebrate genomes and found that RON exists in all types of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus we focused on differentially expressed genes and networks relevant to mammary complex development in two breeds that are subject to different selection pressure on number, shape and function of teats and show largely different prevalence of non-functional inverted teats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tβ4-knockout B16F1 (Tβ4 KO) clones show significantly diminished expression level of tumor-associated genes, which is regulated by the TGFβ/MRTFs pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
  • MKL1 and MKL2 ), or robust SRF transcriptional coactivators, have been reported to organize actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and regulate cell motility by controlling the expression of dozens of cytoskeletal/adhesion genes ( 4-6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
  • B.A. Osborne, S.W. Smith, Z.-G. Liu, K.A. McLaughlin, and L.M. Schwartz, Transient Transfection Assays to Examine the Requirement of Putative Cell Death Genes. (nhbs.com)
  • Dolly (5 July 1996 - 14 February 2003) was a female Finn-Dorset sheep and the first mammal that was cloned from an adult somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Roslin scientists stated that they did not think there was a connection with Dolly being a clone, and that other sheep in the same flock had died of the same disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some in the press speculated that a contributing factor to Dolly's death was that she could have been born with a genetic age of six years, the same age as the sheep from which she was cloned. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientist Ian Wilmut, who led a team from Scotland's Roslin Institute and biotech company PPL Therapeutics plc to clone Dolly the Sheep in 1996, died on Sept. 10 at age 79. (bioworld.com)
  • Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell taken from the mammary gland of a 6-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish Blackface sheep. (bioworld.com)
  • Biologist are already cloning plants and even sheep! (newstimenow.com)
  • The difference with Dolly is that all her DNA originated in a cell from the udder of an adult sheep. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut, along with his colleague Keith Campbell and their research team, achieved a monumental milestone in the world of science by successfully cloning the first mammal from an adult cell - famously known as Dolly the Sheep in 1996. (biotecnika.org)
  • They accomplished this feat by taking a cell from the mammary gland of a deceased adult sheep, applying electricity and chemicals to reprogram the DNA, and then implanting it into an empty sheep's egg. (biotecnika.org)
  • is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The potential of intra-articular injection of chondrogenic-induced bone marrow stem cells to retard the progression of osteoarthritis in a sheep model. (sciendo.com)
  • Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Sheep: Culture Characteristics. (sciendo.com)
  • The technology is based on the techniques used to famously clone the sheep more than 25 years ago. (zmescience.com)
  • This led to the creation of Dolly the cloned sheep . (zmescience.com)
  • Dolly was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, based near Edinburgh. (wikipedia.org)
  • On Dolly's name, Wilmut stated "Dolly is derived from a mammary gland cell and we couldn't think of a more impressive pair of glands than Dolly Parton's. (wikipedia.org)
  • A year ago, we showed that you could do it with cells from embryos," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
  • They fuse as one cell," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
  • Ian Wilmut, a renowned British embryologist famous for his groundbreaking work in cloning and stem cell research, has sadly passed away at the age of 79 due to Parkinson's disease. (biotecnika.org)
  • Following the Dolly experiment's success, Ian Wilmut shifted his focus towards utilizing cloning technology to produce stem cells. (biotecnika.org)
  • Dolly's DNA came from a cell in the udder of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. (newscientist.com)
  • Intra-articular injection of expanded autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis is safe: a phase I/II study. (sciendo.com)
  • Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
  • This means that other fast dividing cells such as those responsible for hair growth and for replacement of the intestinal epithelium (lining) are also affected. (justia.com)
  • The human RON gene was originally cloned from keratinocytes ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Most common and most controversial is embryonic stem-cell mediated gene transfer. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)
  • In murine mammary gland cells (NMuMG), Tβ4 upregulation is required for full induction of a MRTF-regulated EMT gene expression program after TGFβ stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Insulin gene superfamily hormones regulate cell growth, metabolism, and tissue-specific functions. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • The recent cloning of the human RLX receptor (LGR7), a member of the leucine-rich repeat family of G-protein-coupled orphan receptors, and detection of LGR7 gene transcripts in the heart confirm this organ as a target for RLX (H2). (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • In the fly, signals are regulated by a single Hh gene, while in mammals, Sonic (SHH), Indian (IHH), and Desert (DHH) hedgehog play different regulatory roles [ 37 , 148 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
  • Because of breakthroughs such as the "switching" mechanism of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, as well as many technical innovations, the number of investigators of cell death has rapidly expanded over the last few years. (nhbs.com)
  • Furthermore, while overexpression of ITCH expression in breast cells is associated with increased incidence of mammary tumor formation and progression, its knockdown inhibited breast cancer cell tumorigenicity and metastasis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Prolactin (PRL) has long been known to be a hormone responsible for mammary gland development and lactation in females, whereas its role in males is still unclear. (go.jp)
  • The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • The fact that a lamb was derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required far development to term. (todayinsci.com)
  • 2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
  • Moreover, we aimed to address the hypothesis that the extent and timing of proliferation, differentiation, and maturation proccesses during prenatal development contribute to postnatal numerical, morphological and functional properties of the mammary gland. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of transcripts that are up-regulated in GL compared to PI indicate a higher proliferating activity in GL, whereas processes related to differentiation, maturation and maintenance of cells are more prominent in PI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the differentiation at fetal stages the fate of cells towards their specialization as member of a population of cells typical for a tissue or organ is programmed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DHH/PTC1 signaling triggers differentiation of Leydig cells by up-regulating Steroidogenic Factor 1 and expression of cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage enzyme located outside testicular cord [ 145 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
  • Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. (lookformedical.com)
  • The LREC in bovine mammary gland appeared to have a modest proliferation rate in which 5.4% of LREC co-expressed Ki-67 ( Capuco, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
  • Immunoselected STRO-3+ mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. (sciendo.com)
  • Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. (sciendo.com)
  • Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
  • Use of a chronic model of articular cartilage and meniscal injury for the assessment of long-term effects after autologous mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in Steep. (sciendo.com)
  • Cryopreserved allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound repair in full thickness skin wound model and cattle clinical teat injuries. (sciendo.com)
  • For example, TGFβ induces the phenotypic transition of various types of cells into mesenchymal, myofibroblast, and smooth muscle-like cells, accompanied by dramatic cytoskeletal remodeling and increased cell motility ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Her cloning proved that a cloned organism could be produced from a mature cell from a specific body part. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endogenous substances are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • A germ cell is any biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • In turn, they also have learned that massive cell death does not always represent pathology, but rather a normal and necessary "weeding out" in the development and life of an organism. (nhbs.com)
  • Ten decades of spectacular discoveries in biology have shown us that life can arise only from life, that the nucleus governs the cell through the molecular mechanism of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and that the amount of DNA and its structure determine not only the nature of the species but also the characteristics of individuals. (newstimenow.com)
  • Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
  • Instead, we used laser microdissection to excise putative progenitor cells and control cells from their in situ locations in cryosections and characterized the molecular properties of these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results support the use of DNA label retention to identify MaSC and also provide a molecular profile and novel candidate markers for these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The primary goal of my work on PCP has been to elucidate, at molecular and cell biological levels, the nature of the signals that induce subcellular asymmetry, and how cells then respond to this molecular asymmetry to orient their cytoskeletons. (stanford.edu)
  • Because of the availability of remarkably powerful genetic, molecular and cell biological tools, we use the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, as our primary model for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of PCP signaling. (stanford.edu)
  • The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells also reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to became quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells. (todayinsci.com)
  • The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
  • The expression patterns of fetal mammary complexes obtained at 63 and 91 days post conception (dpc) from German Landrace (GL) and Pietrain (PI) were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome Arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of the mammary gland is initiated during fetal stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the mammary gland development at fetal stages is apparently autonomous. (biomedcentral.com)
  • She was cloned by associates of the Roslin Institute in Scotland, using the process of nuclear transfer from a cell taken from a mammary gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • She was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilized oocyte (developing egg cell) that has had its cell nucleus removed. (wikipedia.org)
  • In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by the problematic technique of nuclear transfer. (microscopyu.com)
  • Although mice have provided the primary model for study of mammary growth and development, a single model species cannot provide comprehensive knowledge. (frontiersin.org)
  • RON is activated in response to macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and then induces an invasive program ( 8 ) consisting of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, all of which are important at multiple points during tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, we reported that the ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH negatively regulates LATS1, thereby increasing YAP activity, which leads to increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
  • She is the first mammal ever created from the non-reproductive tissue of an adult animal. (newscientist.com)
  • Last year they used the same reproductive technology to create the world's first cloned lambs (Nature, vol 380, p 64). (newscientist.com)
  • In female mammals, growth and development of mammary glands occur primarily postnatally, with mammary function in the mature animal being tightly coupled to reproductive strategy. (frontiersin.org)
  • The dormancy of primordial oocytes may be required to reserve the non-growing oocyte pool for the long reproductive life in mammals. (go.jp)
  • The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone, therefore, proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
  • Infection by VMV and CAEV can lead to Visna/Maedi (VM) and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) respectively, slow progressive inflammatory diseases primarily affecting the lungs, nervous system, joints and mammary glands. (mdpi.com)
  • The funding for Dolly's cloning was provided by PPL Therapeutics and the Ministry of Agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, Dolly's DNA may have come from a stem cell that had not yet matured into an udder cell. (newscientist.com)
  • A newly discovered antibiotic has been shown to block the synthesis of bacterial cell walls via immutable targets, raising the prospect of a class of drugs that will not lose effect through the development of antimicrobial resistance. (bioworld.com)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The results indicate that mammary complex development in PI precedes GL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Essentially, the development of mammary gland depends on growth hormones and growth factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Development requires that cells differentiate to acquire the necessary complement of cell fates, and that they adopt the structure required to carry out their functions. (stanford.edu)
  • Until recently, the treatment of cancer has been largely focused on the development of therapeutic agents or techniques that kill cancer cells. (justia.com)
  • If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
  • Mammary glands are rich in these cells, which are more adaptable than other tissue. (newscientist.com)
  • These cells held the potential to treat various genetic and degenerative diseases by aiding the body in repairing damaged tissue. (biotecnika.org)
  • The diaphragm divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals through a partition of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. (microscopyu.com)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (lsbio.com)
  • LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
  • Students of apoptosis and other types of cell death hypothesize that virtually all cells are genetically programmed to self-destruct. (nhbs.com)
  • S.W. Sherwood and R.T. Schimke, Cell Cycle Analysis of Apoptosis Using Flow Cytometry. (nhbs.com)
  • A.J. McGahon, S.J. Martin, R.P. Bissonnette, A. Mahboubi, Y. Shi, R.J. Mogil, W.K. Nishioka, and D.R. Green, The End of the (Cell) Line: Methods for the Study of Apoptosis In Vitro. (nhbs.com)
  • Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • in particular in multiparous species like pigs the number and the shape of functional mammary gland complexes are major determinants of fitness. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The successful cloning of Dolly led to widespread advancements within stem cell research, including the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • His pioneering work in cloning and stem cell research has laid the foundation for medical advancements that could revolutionize healthcare. (biotecnika.org)
  • First, they extract immature, unfertilised egg cells called oocytes from the ovaries of ewes. (newscientist.com)
  • Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. (newscientist.com)
  • We think that primordial oocytes in adult mammals are different from those in neonatal mammals. (go.jp)
  • In this review, we summarize the results regarding the activation of primordial oocytes in neonatal and adult ovaries of different species and propose a model in which ovaries of neonatal mammals contain a mixed population of both quiescent and activated primordial oocytes, while almost all primordial oocytes are quiescent in adult females. (go.jp)
  • A small cell sample scraped painlessly from the inside of the mouth and stored under proper conditions may someday in the distant future be able to yield an entire human being. (newstimenow.com)
  • In the near future we may have in our computers, a complete analysis of the human genome and an index of every protein produced by each type of cell. (newstimenow.com)
  • While it is banned in Britain, however, human cloning is legal elsewhere, including the US. (newscientist.com)
  • implemented restrictions on human cloning experiments but did not entirely ban cloning research. (biotecnika.org)
  • In each case, PCP is critical to the function of these cells and tissues, and errors in the signaling system controlling PCP lead to human diseases and developmental defects, including congenital deafness, neural tube closure defects and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. (stanford.edu)
  • Viable Offspring Derived from Petal and Adult Mammalian Cells', Nature (1997), 385 , 810. (todayinsci.com)
  • The present invention provides a novel approach to cancer therapy by providing a method to differentially enhance the resistance of normal cells to chemotherapeutic agents, thereby, improving the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancerous cells. (justia.com)
  • P.J. Fraker, L.E. King, D. Lill-Elghanian, and W.G. Telford, Quantification of Apoptotic Events in Pure and Heterogeneous Populations of Cells using the Flow Cytometer. (nhbs.com)
  • Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
  • In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph . (wikipedia.org)
  • 2000. A metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis( p hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat leydig cells through suppression of steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. (cdc.gov)
  • Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization detected the expression of PRL not only in Leydig cells but also in germ cells, in particular in spermatogonia. (go.jp)
  • The mPRL was detected in Leydig cells and in round and elongated spermatids of the testes by immunohistochemistry. (go.jp)
  • s refers to those that are manufactured by the cell, as opposed to cloned transcription factors. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Clovibactin, isolated from soil bacteria, targets the cell wall precursor molecules lipid II, lipid III and undecaprenyl phosphate (C55PP), all of which have a pyrophosphate group in common. (bioworld.com)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consistent with the hypothesis that either ribosomal protein can support translation, knockdown of Rpl22l1 impairs growth of cells lacking Rpl22 . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We propose that ribosome specificity may exist in mammals, providing evidence that one ribosomal protein can influence composition of the ribosome by regulating its own paralog. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Tβ4 levels are transcriptionally regulated via the novel cis -acting element AGACAAAG, which interacts with Smad and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) to synergistically activate the Tβ4 promoter downstream of TGFβ. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This invention relates to methods of inducing differential stress resistance in a subject with cancer by starving the subject for a short term, administering a cell growth inhibitor to the subject, or reducing the caloric or glucose intake by the subject. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the present invention provides methods for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inducing differential stress resistance in normal cells and cancer cells via short-term starvation, cell growth inhibitors, or reduced caloric or glucose intake. (justia.com)
  • Success of conventional chemotherapeutic regiment is based on the principle that tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy because a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any given time. (justia.com)
  • The method may further comprise administering to the subject a cell growth inhibitor. (justia.com)
  • Another method of the invention comprises administering a cell growth inhibitor to the subject and administering to the subject a chemotherapy agent. (justia.com)
  • The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have been "transformed" into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided. (wikipedia.org)
  • The broth induces individual cells to 'forget' their specialised function and develop as embryos rather than as part of a root or stem. (newstimenow.com)
  • She was born on 5 July 1996 and died on 14 February 2003 from a progressive lung disease that was considered unrelated to her being a clone. (wikipedia.org)
  • English embryologist who in 1996 supervised the team of scientists that produced a lamb named Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a cell from an adult. (todayinsci.com)
  • Unfortunately, scientists have yet to be able to locate specific features of malignant and immune cells that would make them uniquely targetable (barring some recent examples, such as the Philadelphia chromosome as targeted by imatinib). (justia.com)
  • For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
  • UK researchers have rejuvenated the skin cells of a 53-year-old woman so they are the equivalent of a 23-year-olds. (zmescience.com)