• The zona pellucida (PL: zonae pellucidae, also egg coat or pellucid zone) is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The zona pellucida first appears in unilaminar primary oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The zona pellucida of mammalian oocytes plays an important role in binding and activation of sperm cells during the molecular events leading to fertilization. (mrc.ac.za)
  • However, it has remained a matter of debate as to whether the oocytes alone or in conjunction with the surrounding granulosa cells express and deposit these proteins to form the zona pellucida matrix. (mrc.ac.za)
  • In sections of human ovaries, ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC proteins were immunohistochemically detected in the cytoplasms of primordial oocytes and during later stages of folliculogenesis in the zona pellucida matrices of oocytes. (mrc.ac.za)
  • We further demonstrated that dissolution of the zona pellucida of isolated bovine oocytes occurred after they were exposed to Bouin's reagent. (mrc.ac.za)
  • Component of the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes which mediates sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and prevents post-fertilization polyspermy. (cusabio.com)
  • protects oocytes, eggs, and embryos during development, and regulates interactions between ovulated eggs and free-swimming sperm during and following fertilization. (vidque.com)
  • oxidative stress is the most prominent one, which will cause damage or alter the genetic material of the sperm and reduce the quality of the oocytes, and has a crucial impact on the possibility of developing embryos even after implantation. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • In conclusion, melatonin could be a promising tool for improving sperm competence for fertilizing oocytes and embryo development in sheep. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • To fertilize the oocytes, sperm must undergo a series of physiological and biochemical alterations in vitro (3). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • thereby, oocytes and sperm are highly vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks, affecting their quality and viability (6). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Oocytes, sperms, and embryos are shielded from oxidative stress in their natural environment by free radical scavengers found in oviductal and follicular fluids. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of unfertilized oocytes in such a situation has shown disappointing results [ 3 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • in-vitro -matured oocytes were co-incubated with sperm according to a modified two-step culture system. (e-jarb.org)
  • In the first experiment, oocytes were briefly co-incubated with sperm, washed in IVF medium, and then moved to fresh IVF medium for 5 or 6 h. (e-jarb.org)
  • In experiment 2, oocytes were inseminated with sperm separated by Pecroll treatment. (e-jarb.org)
  • however, the use of activated oocytes resulted in the same fecundity as that of fresh, untreated sperm. (stanford.edu)
  • Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)
  • Cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes has been successfully applied for long-term storage of surplus eggs in mammalian assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in humans. (molcells.org)
  • In the mouse (the best characterised mammalian system), the zona glycoprotein, ZP3, is responsible for sperm binding, adhering to proteins on the sperm plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5-20 μm thick depending on the species. (wikipedia.org)
  • b) Acrosomal reactions help the sperm degrade the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allow the sperm to transfer its nucleus. (opentextbc.ca)
  • The key difference between zona pellucida and corona radiata is that zona pellucida is a non-cellular secretory glycoprotein layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of mammalian ovum while corona radiata is a follicle cell layer that surrounds zona pellucida. (vidque.com)
  • Blocking of human-sperm zona interaction by monoclonal antibodies to a glycoprotein family (ZP4) of porcine zona pellucida. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterization of a proteinase that cleaves zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP2 following activation of mouse eggs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoprotein lished. (who.int)
  • Several well-known oocyte-specific genes were represented, including growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, or the zona pellucida glycoprotein genes. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • The zona pellucida is essential for oocyte growth and fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its formation, which depends on a conserved Zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, is critical to successful fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Successful fertilization depends on the ability of sperm to penetrate the extracellular matrix of the zona pellucida that surrounds the egg. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fertilization is the culminating event of sexual reproduction, which involves the union of the sperm and egg to form a single, genetically distinct organism. (york.ac.uk)
  • In this article, we review recent progress in our molecular understanding of mammalian fertilization, highlighting the areas in which genetic approaches have been particularly informative and focusing especially on the roles of secreted and cell surface proteins, expressed in a sex-specific manner, that mediate sperm-egg interactions. (york.ac.uk)
  • Bianchi, E & Wright, GJ 2016, ' Sperm meets egg: the genetics of mammalian fertilization: Annual Review of Genetics ', Annual Review of Genetics , vol. 50, pp. 93-111. (york.ac.uk)
  • Fertilization, pictured in Figure 24.23 a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. (opentextbc.ca)
  • These findings suggest that localized degradation of ZP proteins by sperm is probably involved in ZP penetration and may be of help in understanding the mechanisms of fertilization in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During mammalian fertilization, sperm should be able to reach the cumulus-oocyte complex, get through the hyaluronic matrix of the cumulus and penetrate the zona pellucida (ZP) in order to fuse with the egg. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Role in fertilization In mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, by digesting hyaluronan in the corona radiata, thus enabling conception. (vidque.com)
  • In most mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell, after it has reached the oocyte. (vidque.com)
  • The successfulness of mammalian fertilization completely relies on the efficacy of the acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Carbohydrate binding properties of boar sperm proacrosin and assessment of its role in sperm-egg recognition and adhesion during fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The involvement of extracellular proteinases and proteinases inhibitors in mammalian fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Receptor function of mouse sperm surface galactosyl-transferase during fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sperm-specific ion channel CatSper is the principal calcium channel in sperm mediating the calcium influx into the sperm flagellum and acting as an essential modulator of downstream mechanisms involved in fertilization. (123dok.net)
  • It is involved in flagellar movements and motility, and in cellular events that occur in the sperm head, that will lead to successful interaction with the egg and to fertilization [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)
  • Compared with other groups, sperms treated with melatonin demonstrated hyperactivity, and the fertilization rate was significantly increased. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • 1- Melatonin enhances sperm fertilization ability. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • In the last decade, in vitro fertilization and sperm capacitation techniques have significantly advanced. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • ROS are free radicals that are continuously produced by oxidative metabolic reactions and increase in vitro conditions, causing aging of both the oocyte (7) and sperm (8), as well as perhaps impairing fertilization and embryo development. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • During sperm capacitation, melatonin may have a chemotactic effect that helps guide sperm to fertilization. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • If total fertilization failure (TFF) was determined to have occurred at early cumulus cell removal, rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed. (ecerm.org)
  • In conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF), co-incubation of the cumulus-oocyte complex and sperm for 16-18 hours can imitate natural conditions, but prolonged exposure time may generate high levels of reactive oxygen species produced by cumulus cells and excess spermatozoa, resulting in impaired embryo development and vitality [ 1 , 2 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • Collectively, these results demonstrate that various fertilization conditions, including modified co-culture period, active sperm separation, and culture medium volume, enhance fertilization efficiency and subsequent embryonic development by decreasing polyspermy occurrence. (e-jarb.org)
  • The minisymposium, organized by Victor D. Vacquier, included the following presentations: "An Hypothesis to Explain the Evolution of Species-Specific Fertilization" by Victor D. Vacquier, "Molecular Biology of the Zona Pellucida: Genetic Mutations and Fertility" by Jurrein Dean, and "Sperm-Egg Membrane Interactions During Fertilizations" by Janice P. Evans. (bioone.org)
  • Besides affecting fertilization and the outcome of pregnancy, sperm DNA damage has a negative impact on the health of the offspring as uncorrected sperm DNA damage following zygote formation has the potential to create mutations/epimutations in the offspring [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, sperm DNA damage appears to be linked to the most important checkpoints of fertility such as reduced fertilization rates, lower embryo quality and pregnancy rates, higher miscarriage rates, malformations, and childhood diseases [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We are looking for a highly motivated postdoctoral fellow who would like to spearhead new discoveries into the molecular mechanism of egg-sperm interaction at fertilization by combining cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography with artificial intelligence-based protein structure predictions. (varbi.com)
  • Zygotic cleavage failure (ZCF) is a unique early embryonic phenotype resulting in female infertility and recurrent failure of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Removal of sperm tail using trypsin and pre-activation of oocyte facilitates intracytoplasmic sperm injection in mice and rats. (stanford.edu)
  • We examined various methods to enhance the accessibility of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technology to more users by making the technique easier, more efficient, and practical. (stanford.edu)
  • In mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida . (opentextbc.ca)
  • The mammalian oocyte extracellular matrix known as the zona pellucida (ZP) acts as a barrier to accomplish sperm fusion with the female gamete. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Phallusia mammillata sperm forging ahead between the follicle cells which are covered by an extracellular matrix with crater-like microannuli. (ehu.eus)
  • A pig sperm protein that binds to the extracellular matrix of the egg in a species-specific manner was recently identified and named zonadhesin (Hardy, D. M., and Garbers, D. L. (1995) J. Biol. (embl.de)
  • Sperm-egg interactions occur at multiple levels on the egg surface, first with the egg's extracellular matrix and then with the egg's plasma membrane. (bioone.org)
  • In the insects, molluscs, amphibians and birds the primary egg membrane is known as the vitelline membrane, while in tunicates and fishes this membrane is known as the chorion.The mammalian eggs contain similar membrane and in them this is known as the zona pellucida. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The exact characterisation of what occurs in other species has become more complicated as further zona proteins have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • To ensure that no more than one sperm fertilizes the egg, once the acrosomal reactions take place at one location of the egg membrane, the egg releases proteins in other locations to prevent other sperm from fusing with the egg. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Addressing this unresolved issue, we assessed the expression and localization of all three zona pellucida proteins in ovaries of human, cynomolgus monkey and mice using immunohistochemical methods. (mrc.ac.za)
  • In summary, these results demonstrate that in mice, monkeys and humans, zona proteins are expressed and assembled exclusively by the oocyte and not by the granulosa cells. (mrc.ac.za)
  • Because the pig proteins are similar in structure to the mare's own sperm receptors, her "molecular keyholes" are also blocked by her antibodies and her eggs cannot be fertilized. (horsenation.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the ability of human sperm to degrade recombinant human ZP (rhZPs) proteins and to characterize the proteases involved in this process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purified rhZP2, rhZP3 and rhZP4 proteins were incubated with capacitated sperm and the proteolytic activity was determined by Western blot analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cortical granules containing enzymes are released from the egg, causing the binding proteins of the entire zona pellucida to become altered, preventing further sperm from binding. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Although the members of Q-SNARE proteins are characterized in somatic cells, it is not known whether related proteins function in the sperm acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Structure and function of the zona pellucida: identification and characterization of the proteins of the mouse oocyte's zona pellucida. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 95kD sperm proteins bind ZP3 and serve as tyrosine kinase substrates in response to zona binding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
  • In spermatozoa, several key functions are regulated by cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration such as sperm capacitation, chemotaxis, hyperactive motility, and acrosome reaction. (123dok.net)
  • Sperm penetration through the cumulus matrix, as well as through the zona pellucida, is dependent on hyperactivated motility, which is a type of motility characterized by high-amplitude flagellar waves that generate powerful propulsive force, capable even of breaking covalent bonds [38]. (aguardienteclothing.com)
  • Structural events and molecular mechanisms that promote mammalian sperm acrosomal exocytosis and motility. (uba.ar)
  • In mammals, adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is known to play highly important roles in sperm motility and acrosomal exocytosis. (plos.org)
  • knockout male mice showed severe subfertility with a defect in sperm motility as well as a significant disorganization in the fibrous sheath. (biologists.com)
  • Clinical significance of naturally occuring anti-zona pellucida antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABSTRACT Anti-zona-pellucida autoantibodies (AZP-Ab) and anti-sperm isoantibodies (ASA) were as- sessed in the cervical secretions from 73 infertile Jordanian women and 41 fertile control women using latex agglutination. (who.int)
  • It plays a key role during sperm capacitation [ 3 - 6 ] and the acrosomal exocytosis [ 7 - 10 ], where it affects different intracellular signalling pathways. (plos.org)
  • For this purpose, we have incubated ram sperm using four different treatments in terms of antioxidants: melatonin, cysteamine, vitamin C, and vitamin E. They were incubated by the standard methods of maturation and capacitation of sperm. (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Oxidative stress is one of the key factors contributing to a decrease in sperm quality during the maturation and capacitation of the sperm (5). (vetmedmosul.com)
  • Cumulus cells enhance capacitation, sperm binding and penetration of the zona pellucida, passage through the perivitelline space, binding and fusion to the oolemma, activation of the cortical reaction, and formation of the male pronucleus. (ecerm.org)
  • to prevent polyspermy, and enable the acrosome reaction for the successful adhesion and penetration by the sperm cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides, sperm proteases involved in penetration are likely to be located either in the surface of the plasma membrane or in the acrosome, since during penetration spermatozoa remain associated to ZP components by receptors located in the inner acrosomal membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sperm enzyme acrosin functions in sperm binding to, and penetration of, the egg zona pellucida. (vidque.com)
  • Penetration of the zona pellucida. (vidque.com)
  • The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • But this view has been revised in light of emerging evidence: "[I]ndications have been found that in mammals the axis of bilateral symmetry is indeed determined (although at first in a labile way) by sperm penetration, as in amphibians. (tbfdev.com)
  • Although the 6 h sperm-free cultured group had a higher penetration rate than the 5 h cultured group, the polyspermy rate significantly increased in the 6 h sperm-free cultured group. (e-jarb.org)
  • The occurrence of polyspermic penetration can be reduced by decreasing the number of sperms during IVF. (e-jarb.org)
  • In non-mammals, the zona pellucida is called the vitelline membrane or envelope, and the vitelline envelope in insects, and plays an important role in preventing cross-breeding of different species, especially in species such as fish that fertilize outside of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
  • This unusual structure of sperm membrane is responsible for its flexibility and the functional ability of sperm cells. (scialert.net)
  • The zona pellucida is the non-cellular membrane around all mammalian eggs and includes "molecular keyholes" which allows sperm of the same species to attach and fertilize the egg. (horsenation.com)
  • When a spermatozoon succeeds in this it encounters the zona pellucida surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte and insulating it from the external environment. (pediagenosis.com)
  • The contents of the sperm are now within the egg, as its plasma membrane is left behind and lost (Figure 10.4). (pediagenosis.com)
  • Membrane-bound acrosin may well serve as a zona lysin, as the sperm head advances through the zona pellucida. (vidque.com)
  • These enzymes break down the outer membrane of the ovum, called as the zona pellucida, allowing the haploid nucleus in the sperm cell to join with the haploid nucleus in the ovum. (vidque.com)
  • Western blots of caput and cauda sperm lysates and plasma membrane fractions, stained with anti-syntaxin 2, revealed the presence of a 31kDa band in both sperm lysates and plasma membrane fractions, respectively. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Following the acrosome reaction the fused hybrid membrane complex remains adherent to the zona surface, [4] and the newly exposed inner acrosomal membrane of the spermatozoon functions as the limiting membrane or plasma membrane equivalent [1] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • In contrast to the sperm acrosome reaction, the secretory pathway of somatic cells has received detailed characterization in recent years and a great deal has been learned of the processes regulating vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Mammalian alpha-tectorin, which is one of the major non-collagenous components of the tectorial membrane. (embl.de)
  • Species diversity in the structure of zonadhesin, a sperm-specific membrane protein containing multiple cell adhesion molecule-like domains. (embl.de)
  • Gwatkin RBL, Williams DT, Meyenhofer M.: Isolation of bovine zona pellucida from ovaries with collagenase: antigenic and sperm receptor properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since it is formed at an early stage in women harbouring ASA and AZP-Ab in of oocyte growth, zona pellucida-specific their cervical secretions. (who.int)
  • First stages of segmentation of a mammalian ovum Section of vesicular ovarian follicle of cat, x 50 The initial stages of human embryogenesis Gilbert, Scott (2013). (wikipedia.org)
  • The fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Finally, we review recent progress made in elucidating the mechanisms that reduce polyspermy and ensure that eggs normally fuse with only a single sperm. (york.ac.uk)
  • Immunization of mice with heat-solubilized hamster zonae: production of anti-zona antibody and inhibition of fertility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To systematically discover ovarian fertility genes en masse, we employed a mouse model (Foxo3) in which follicles are assembled normally but then undergo synchronous activation. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Several biochemical analyses demonstrated that syntaxin 2 is an integral component of bovine cauda sperm plasma membranes. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The level of sperm DNA fragmentation may give a sense of guidance as to the appropriate method of ARTs to employ especially between IVF and ICSI [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This study suggests that sperm proteasomes could participate in the degradation of ZP, particularly of the ZP4 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evidence of these two protein degradation systems have been widely described in sperm of several species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein carbohydrate complementary in mammalian gamete recognition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mammalian von Willebrand factor (VWF), a multifunctional protein involved in maintaining homeostasis. (embl.de)
  • Mammalian bone morphogenetic protein-binding (BMP-binding) endothelial regulator protein. (embl.de)
  • Expression of mouse zonadhesin mRNA is evident only within the testis, and the protein is found exclusively on the apical region of the sperm head. (embl.de)
  • Previous experience in biochemically identifying and characterizing protein complexes, as well as in mammalian and/or insect cell expression, is also highly desirable. (varbi.com)
  • In particular, the Jovine laboratory has state-of-the-art equipment for recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells, insect cells and bacteria, protein purification, and sample characterization (SEC-MALS, microscale thermophoresis, biolayer interferometry). (varbi.com)
  • The enzymes esterase, acrosin, and neuraminidase appear to causelysis (dissolution or loosening) of the zona pellucida, thereby forming a path for the sperm to enter the oocyte. (vidque.com)
  • Mechanical force applied by the capacitated spermatozoa in motion is essential to penetrate the ZP but the physical force generated by the flagellum may not be sufficient to enable sperm to push through this matrix [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The paper summarize the main data relevant to the obtention of contraceptive vaccines based on spermatozoa as well as zona pellucida antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, since spermatozoa are not self and isoantigens to females, if they are exposed repeatedly to sperm antigens by coitus, it is not surprising that isoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and develop antisperm antibodies (ASA) in females. (benthamscience.com)
  • Sperm cells are highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during cellular oxidation. (mdpi.com)
  • The nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
  • Once through the zona pellucida the membranes of the egg and sperm meet and fuse. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In current practice, short co-incubation of the cumulus-oocyte complex with sperm and early cumulus cell removal (6 hours) is challenging [ 4 - 7 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • What is the function of hyaluronidase enzymes present in human sperm? (vidque.com)
  • It is through their transit in the epididymis that sperms cells complete important maturation steps crucial for fulfilling their functions. (123dok.net)
  • To ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. (opentextbc.ca)
  • as well as the excellent 'basic' semen research, incorporating cautious research of sperm morphology, the instruction manual presents tested thoughts for using computer-aided sperm research and sperm practical review. (aguardienteclothing.com)
  • As a result, numerous authors have suggested an introduction of sperm DNA damage testing into the andrological laboratory workup as an independent tool as DNA fragmentation apart from normal sperm morphology appears to be a reliable and more robust parameter than conventional semen analysis due to its low biological variability and thus is a useful biomarker that should be implemented in any andrological diagnostic workup [ 19 - 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The AF form of SALSA had a more intact structure and contained peptides from the zona pellucida domain, which is involved in cell differentiation and oligomerization. (researchgate.net)
  • The sperm as well as the oocyte antigens are studied as possible contraceptive vaccine candidates are the subject of this review. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunological tolerance to developmental sperm antigens is not induced in males, because spermatogenesis begins first in the testis on puberty, much after the establishment of tolerance to self-antigens. (benthamscience.com)
  • If the blood-testes barrier, which isolates germ cells from the contact with local immune system, is impaired by some reasons, autoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and results in the development of autoimmune orchitis. (benthamscience.com)
  • This review aims to provide insights into the structure, localization, and function of the mammalian CatSper channel, primarily human and mice. (123dok.net)
  • In the mouse: ZP3 allows species-specific sperm binding ZP2 mediates subsequent sperm binding ZP1 cross-links ZP2 and ZP3. (wikipedia.org)
  • As in somatic cells, sperm intracellular cAMP concentration is regulated by the opposite action of two enzymes: the adenylyl cyclases (AC), which synthesize cAMP from ATP, and the phosphodiesterases (PDE), which break the phosphodiester bond of cAMP to form 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (plos.org)
  • Since, ROS is essential for the normal sperm physiology, rationale use of antioxidants is advocated. (scialert.net)
  • In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. (hindawi.com)
  • In normal cell biology, ROS levels increase with a decreasing antioxidant response, resulting in oxidative stress which threatens sperm biology. (mdpi.com)
  • Oxidative stress has numerous effects, including increased apoptosis, reduced motion parameters, and reduced sperm integrity. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, hemizona assays demonstrated that sperm proteasome inhibition impairs sperm interaction with human native ZP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclic AMP (adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate) is an important player in sperm function. (plos.org)
  • Additionally, protease inhibitors effect on sperm-ZP binding was evaluated by hemizona assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the zona pellucida degenerates and decomposes, to be replaced by the underlying layer of trophoblastic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian sperm cells present highly specific lipidic composition, high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plasmalogenes and sphingomyelins. (scialert.net)
  • Previously observed results of ZP expression by an involvement of granulosa cells might therefore be the result of an improper fixation of the tissues leading to the disruption of the zona pellucida. (mrc.ac.za)
  • After being released in the lumen of the seminif- erous tubules, sperm cells have to accomplish several challenging tasks before reaching and fertilizing the egg. (123dok.net)
  • However, spermatozoa's lipids are the main substrates for peroxidation, which may provoke severe functional disorder of sperm. (scialert.net)
  • and 3) characterization of functional domains in different sperm ligands (fertilin-α and fertilin-β in the mouse and lysin in the abalone) that recognize cognate binding sites on the egg surface. (bioone.org)
  • Anti-sperm any medication with potentially negative antibody (ASA) may also play a different effects on the rheological characteristics role in female infertility by interfering with of the mucus were stopped in the previous sperm migration through the female genital cycle. (who.int)