• Although metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulation has been studied extensively in neurons, it has not been investigated in astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data suggest that glutamate, acting at several metabotropic receptors expressed by astrocytes, could modulate glial activity evoked by neurotransmitters and thereby influence the ongoing modulation of neurons by astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • The scientist's investigation covers issues in Glutamate receptor, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Internal medicine and Choline acetyltransferase. (research.com)
  • His Glutamate receptor research includes themes of Amino acid, Glutamic acid, Neurotransmitter, Biophysics and Dopamine. (research.com)
  • Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. (research.com)
  • His scientific interests lie mostly in Biochemistry, Glutamate receptor, Internal medicine, Endocrinology and Choline acetyltransferase. (research.com)
  • The various areas that Frode Fonnum examines in his Glutamate receptor study include Amino acid, Glutamine, Neurotransmitter, Neuroscience and Metabolism. (research.com)
  • His Choline acetyltransferase research is multidisciplinary, relying on both Glutamate decarboxylase, Acetylcholinesterase, Choline, Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and Nucleus. (research.com)
  • Frode Fonnum focuses on Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Reactive oxygen species and Glutamate receptor. (research.com)
  • His study in Reactive oxygen species is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Phospholipase A2, Medicinal chemistry, Nitric oxide and Phospholipase C. His study with Glutamate receptor involves better knowledge in Receptor. (research.com)
  • His primary scientific interests are in Biochemistry, Reactive oxygen species, Glutamate receptor, Apoptosis and Cyclosporin a. (research.com)
  • His Glutamate receptor study is associated with Internal medicine. (research.com)
  • Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, and as such plays a key role in neurological diseases involving hyperexcitability and excitotoxic cell death. (grantome.com)
  • In a kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy, increased glutamate transport results in an 80 percent decrease in hippocampal cell death compared to the level of cell death following KA-induced seizures in a wild-type age-matched animals. (grantome.com)
  • To extend our preliminary studies we will examine the acute actions of the glutamate analogue kainic acid using two in vitro slice preparations (hippocampal and piriform cortex) to determine if increased glutamate transport alters the threshold, frequency or duration of epileptiform activity. (grantome.com)
  • To determine if the effects of increased glutamate transporter expression are generalized or limited to convulsants acting directly through a glutamate receptor pathway, we will use pilocarpine, that acts through muscarinic receptors, to generate seizure activity in vivo and in an in vitro hippocampal slice preparation to compare wild-type to EAAT2 transgenic responses (Specific Aim 2). (grantome.com)
  • Glutamate receptors (GluRs) can be categorized as ionotropic or metabotropic and subcatergorized by their agonist preferences (NMDA, AMPA or Kainic acid). (labmal.com)
  • Our microarray analyses revealed that IHT and aging shared alterations in some common GO, which were also observed with kainic acid treatment, Dicer ablation, or moderate glutamate excess. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. (org.es)
  • Neuroactive glutamate is classified as an excitatory amino acid (EAA) because glutamate binding onto postsynaptic receptors typically stimulates, or depolarizes, the postsynaptic cells. (org.es)
  • Erythravine inhibited seizures evoked by bicuculline, pentylenetetrazole, and kainic acid as well as increasing the latency of seizures induced by NMDA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Turnock-Jones JJ, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Cluderay JE, Cilia J, Reid JL, Taylor A , Jones DN, Emson PC , Southam E. Increased expression of the NR2A NMDA receptor subunit in the prefrontal cortex of rats reared in isolation. (neurotree.org)
  • NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
  • Fluoxetine attenuates kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the mouse hippocampus. (ac.ir)
  • Metabolism of arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes is known to be actively involved in the neuroinflammatory events leading to neuronal death after ischemia. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Neurotransmitter Receptors in the Basal Ganglia Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience . (neurotree.org)
  • Functionally, dystrophin expressed in the CNS plays an important role in the clustering of neurotransmitter receptors and water- and ion channels to the cellular membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • Once released, the neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, allowing the signal to propagate. (org.es)
  • 2) Specific neurotransmitter receptors are localized on the postsynaptic cells, and (3) there exists a mechanism to stop neurotransmitter release and clear molecules from the cleft. (org.es)
  • A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. (lookformedical.com)
  • Rescue of neurons from ischemic injury by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma requires a novel essential cofactor LMO4. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Addition of a superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP [manganese(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin] bypassed the deficiency in PPARgamma signaling and was able to directly rescue LMO4-null cortical neurons from ischemic injury. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Sodium gluconate is shown to inhibit epileptiform burst activity in cell cultures and protect neurons from kainic acid-induced cell death. (justia.com)
  • Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Loss of striatal serotonin synaptic receptor binding induced by kainic. (erowid.org)
  • In general, AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic current at most excitatory synapses, with stoichiometry characterized by subtype composition. (labmal.com)
  • A paper recently published by eLife on forebrain cortical synaptic plasticity reports that retinoic acid (RA) alters synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells (Lenz et al. (preprints.org)
  • Mice lacking miR-22 displayed normal behaviour and brain structure and developed similar status epilepticus after intraamygdala kainic acid compared to wildtype animals. (researchsquare.com)
  • miR-22-3p (hereafter miR-22), a conserved miRNA that is expressed throughout the body, including the brain [ 14 , 15 ], was previously identified among upregulated miRNAs within the mouse hippocampus contralateral to the epileptogenic zone in the intraamygdala kainic acid model of status epilepticus [ 16 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • These findings strengthen the evidence that desirable and undesirable consequences of status epilepticus-induced TrkB activation are mediated by distinct signaling pathways downstream of this receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Le Gal La Salle G, Rougon G, Valin A. The embryonic type of neural cell floor molecule (E-NCAM) within the rat hippocampus and its reexpression on glial cells following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • SE-induced activation of the BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB, is one signaling pathway by which SE induces TLE. (jneurosci.org)
  • BDNF signaling thru TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase is one molecular mechanism promoting TLE. (jneurosci.org)
  • Work by multiple investigators including ourselves implicates the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB, and its canonical ligand, BDNF, as one signaling pathway by which SE induces development of TLE ( McNamara and Scharfman, 2012 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Le Gal La Salle G, Rougon G, Valin A. The embryonic form of neural cell surface molecule (E-NCAM) in the rat hippocampus and its reexpression on glial cells following kainic acid-induced standing epilepticus. (upstream.pk)
  • More recently we have demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury [ 14 ] and mice lacking C/EBPβ showed a reduced inflammatory response after kainic acid injection and exhibited a dramatic reduction in pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation attracts proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) or phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains including adaptor proteins like FRS2 and GRB2. (springer.com)
  • Tetrameric or pentameric combinations of different subunits contributes to the functional diversity of AMPA receptors. (labmal.com)
  • Although subunit composition of AMPA receptors varies, they must contain at least one edited GluR2 subunit to be calcium impermeable. (labmal.com)
  • Relative calcium permeability in AMPA receptor channels may be significant in pathological neurotoxic damage and long term changes in nervous system responses. (labmal.com)
  • Serotonin and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Binding in Rat Brain Membran. (erowid.org)
  • Oppositional effects of serotonin receptors 5-HT1a, 2, and 2c in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Frode Fonnum combines subjects such as Kainic acid and Neurotoxicity with his study of Endocrinology. (research.com)
  • We investigated spatial and temporal expression of Cln8 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and northern blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, IHT increased phosphorylated p70 S6 kinase, indicating involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His Glutamic acid study combines topics in areas such as Free nerve ending, Calcium metabolism, Mammalian brain, Receptor and Aspartate binding. (research.com)
  • Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
  • Endocannabinoids can affect multiple cellular targets, such as cannabinoid (CB) receptors, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ( $PPAR{\gamma}$ ). (koreascience.kr)
  • For example, this disclosure relates to compositions that include, for example, one or more agents that decrease the concentration of cyclooxygenase-2, decrease the concentration of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1, and/or decrease calcitonin gene-related peptide concentration. (justia.com)
  • It has been shown to be a potent nicotinic receptor antagonist in animal models with an IC50 of 6µM at the α7 site and 13 nM for the α4β2 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The P2X7 receptor was identified as a miR-22 target and co-injection of a P2X7 receptor antagonist mitigated the epilepsy phenotype in mice given the ASO inhibitor of miR-22 [ 16 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The results showed that 17 (37.80%) of the 45 samples were SS, whereas 28 (62.2%) were RR and T917I and L920F point mutations were found in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of RR. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some neuroactive compounds are amino acids, which also have metabolic functions in the presynaptic cell. (org.es)
  • Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) signaling after stroke may reduce brain injury, but this effect will depend on the levels of receptor and cofactors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Logan A, Frautschy SA, Gonzalez AM, Baird A. A time course for the focal elevation of synthesis of basic fibroblast growth factor and one of its high-affinity receptors following a localized cortical mind damage. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • Differential 24 h responsiveness of Prox1-expressing precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis to physical activity, environmental enrichment, and kainic acid-induced seizures. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • In this study, we hypothesized that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), can improve motor function by enhancing cell survival in PD genetic model mice with LRRK2 R1441G mutation. (en-journal.org)
  • The stimuli to induce adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs increase the gene transcription of the $CB_1$ receptor, TRPV1 and $PPAR{\gamma}$ . (koreascience.kr)
  • The effect of AEA on $PPAR{\gamma}$ in hBM-MSCs may prevail over that on the $CB_1$ receptor mediated signal transduction, giving rise to the AEA-induced promotion of adipogenesis. (koreascience.kr)
  • In recent years, the search for intracellular signaling integrator downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases provided valuable novel substrates. (springer.com)
  • Gluconic acid, a natural organic acid enriched in fruits and honey, and the glucose oxidase enzyme, is shown herein to potently inhibit neonatal epilepsy both in vitro and in vivo. (justia.com)
  • Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that C/EBPβ is implicated in inflammatory process and brain injury, since mice lacking this gene were less susceptible to kainic acid-induced injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, over recent years, it became clear that RTKs cannot be sufficiently activated by growth factors or receptor agonists in the adult and aging brain to exert significant neuroprotective or neurorestorative effects. (springer.com)
  • Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) affects the amyloid precursor protein-dependent stimulation of ERK signaling and adult neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Giulian D, Chen J, Ingeman JE, George JK, Noponen M. The position of mononuclear phagocytes in wound therapeutic after traumatic harm to adult mammalian brain. (upstream.pk)
  • Coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays revealed that LMO4 interacts in a ligand-dependent manner with PPARgamma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • LMO4 augments PPARgamma-dependent gene activation, in part, by promoting RXRalpha (retinoid X receptor-alpha) binding to PPARgamma and by increasing PPARgamma binding to its target DNA sequence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. (lookformedical.com)
  • Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
  • As an alternative approach, growth factor receptors or components of their signal transduction machinery may be targeted directly. (springer.com)
  • We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. (benthamscience.com)
  • Data from in vitro and animal studies suggest that among the sources of antioxidants, phytochemicals in berry fruits ( e.g. , anthocyanin and caffeic acid) have a beneficial role in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders because of their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-proliferative properties (Youdim et al. (lww.com)
  • The neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases are related to phytochemicals such as anthocyanin, caffeic acid, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol and tannin. (lww.com)
  • The ability of the mammalian brain to change with experience is perhaps its most important feature. (frontiersin.org)
  • Claudia earned her PhD (Dr. rer.nat) at the Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, where she trained in cancer signaling, and identified crucial regulators of growth factor receptor kinase signaling. (stanford.edu)