• There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, dysregulation of ABPs leads to muscle atrophy characterized by loss of mass, strength, quality, and capacity for regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Defective muscle regeneration can severely affect re-innervation by motor axons, and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) development, ultimately leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. (biomed.news)
  • The effect of deer antler extract on muscle differentiation and muscle atrophy were evaluated to minimize muscle loss following aging. (kosfaj.org)
  • In addition, the expression levels of genes related to muscle differentiation and atrophy were confirmed through qRT-PCR. (kosfaj.org)
  • Gene expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MyoD1, and myogenin, along with the muscle atrophy factors muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) upon addition of deer antler extracts to muscle-atrophied C2C12 cells was determined by qRT-PCR after treatment with AICAR. (kosfaj.org)
  • In addition, gene expression of MyoD1 and myogenin in the muscle atrophy cell model was significantly increased compared that into the CON. (kosfaj.org)
  • Therefore, our findings indicate that antler extract can increase the expression of MyoD1, Myf5 and myogenin, inhibit muscle atrophy, and promote muscle differentiation. (kosfaj.org)
  • Muscle atrophy with aging is accompanied by muscle damage caused by oxidative damage and malnutrition caused by lack of muscle metabolism. (kosfaj.org)
  • A blade-casting method in conjunction with bioprinting was employed to fabricate bioengineered skeletal muscle constructs using a bioink composed of C2C12 myoblasts and collagen type-I. Various printing process parameters were selected and optimized to achieve a highly organized cell alignment within the constructs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Skeletal muscle and myogenic C2C12 cells were used to study the effects of MSY3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro on its sub-cellular localization and activity, by blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway, by Akt depletion and over-expression, and by mutating potential MSY3 phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In C2C12 myogenic cells, blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway using LY294002 inhibitor reduced MSY3 phosphorylation levels resulting in its accumulation in the nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, the enhanced myogenesis leads to the formation of an extensive network of contractile myofibers, and this enhanced myogenesis can be conferred upon myogenic cells from clonal populations, such as G8 or C2C12 cells, if they are co-cultured with the limb mesenchymal cells. (biologists.com)
  • Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • These cells represent the oldest known adult stem cell niche, and are involved in the normal growth of muscle, as well as regeneration following injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process of muscle regeneration involves considerable remodeling of extracellular matrix and, where extensive damage occurs, is incomplete. (wikipedia.org)
  • This improvement can be attributed to the synergistic effects of mechanotransduction, facilitating the cellular response to mechanical cues and the alignment of fibrillated collagen, which plays a significant role in modulating cellular functions and promoting muscle tissue regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results demonstrated the effectiveness of combining mechanical stimulation through blade casting with 3D bioprinting in promoting aligned cell structures, enhancing cellular functions, and driving muscle tissue regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, in skeletal muscle, specific semaphorin molecules are involved in the restoration and remodeling of the nerve-muscle connections, thus emphasizing their plausible role to ensure the success of muscle regeneration. (biomed.news)
  • This review article aims to discuss the impact of aging on skeletal muscle regeneration and NMJs remodeling and will highlight the most recent insights about the role of semaphorins in this context. (biomed.news)
  • Therefore, promotion of myoblast proliferation and differentiation and induction of myotube hypertrophy should be beneficial for muscle regeneration and control of muscle mass. (kosfaj.org)
  • Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • High levels are associated with muscle hypertrophy, whereas low levels are epidemiologically associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which negatively impact muscle functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • MicroRNA-1/206(miRNA-1/206) is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and play a critical role in myogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This comprehensive review summarizes the recent studies that have unveiled the role of ABPs in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, with a particular focus on skeletal myogenesis and diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • This provides insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal myogenesis via ABPs as well as research avenues to identify potential therapeutic targets. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, this review explores the implications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) targeting ABPs in skeletal myogenesis and disorders based on recent achievements in ncRNA research. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings imply a novel and unexpected role for p38 MAPK inhibition in myogenesis and highlight the importance of the limb bud microenvironment in promoting the progression of limb myoblasts. (biologists.com)
  • Myogenesis is a multi-step process through which uncommitted mesodermal cells commit, differentiate and undergo profound phenotypic changes. (biologists.com)
  • The past two decades has seen major advances towards our current understanding of skeletal myogenesis (reviewed in Perry and Rudnicki, 2000 ). (biologists.com)
  • LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intent of vaccination is to induce a combined antibody and T-cell anti-HER-2 immune response, which is intended to target HER-2-expressing tumor cells, and may induce tumor regression or slow progression of disease. (stanford.edu)
  • Originally discovered as axon guidance factors, they have been implicated in cancer progression, embryonal organogenesis, skeletal muscle innervation, and other physiological and developmental functions in different tissues. (biomed.news)
  • More specifically, upon activation, satellite cells can re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated satellite cells initially proliferate as skeletal myoblasts before undergoing myogenic differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Satellite cells proliferate following muscle trauma and form new myofibers through a process similar to fetal muscle development. (wikipedia.org)
  • We hypothesized that by selecting optimal animal cells and using their CM to culture animal myoblasts, the cells could proliferate without the need for animal sera. (nature.com)
  • These monocyte myoblasts proliferate and differentiate, following which, they fuse with existing muscle fibers to form multinucleated myotubes and myofibers. (kosfaj.org)
  • The expression level of the SFRP1 was highly varied across numerous pig tissues and it was down-regulated during porcine skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The light must be absorbed by the endogenous chromophores of cells or tissues for actions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lab is also pursuing the role of physical activity/exercise as a time cue for skeletal muscle and other tissues. (ufl.edu)
  • Investigating the nature of active forces in tissues reveals how contractile cells can form extensile monolayers. (u-paris.fr)
  • HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A central aspect is then the ability to optimize the functional properties with high spatial resolution, creating materials that are able to control the interaction with the biological surrounding at the nanoscale thus guiding the responses of biomolecules, cells and tissues. (european-mrs.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
  • There is also evidence suggesting that these cells are capable of fusing with existing myofibers to facilitate growth and repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. (mdpi.com)
  • Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is becoming more prevalent as the lifespan continues to increase in most populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Testosterone concentrations decline as age increase, suggesting that low plasma testosterone levels can cause or accelerate muscle- and age-related diseases, as sarcopenia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Currently, there is increasing interest on the anabolic properties of testosterone for therapeutic use in muscle diseases including sarcopenia. (frontiersin.org)
  • This age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength generation, the primary function of skeletal muscle mass, is known as sarcopenia ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, most of the intrinsic as well as extrinsic (systemic) muscle changes that occur with age are believed to be involved in the development of sarcopenia ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The term sarcopenia was first proposed in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe a multifactorial syndrome that occurs with age and results in loss of skeletal muscle mass and function ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As well, many older individuals suffer from sarcopenia, a protracted muscle wasting disorder that typically begins after the age of 50 and involves a loss of about 1% of muscle mass per year ( Woo, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, during aging, extensive injury, or pathological conditions, the complete regenerative program is severely affected, with a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. (biomed.news)
  • Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • We observed that, as skeletal muscle progressed from perinatal to postnatal and adult developmental stages, MSY3 protein became gradually dephosphorylated and accumulated in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, forced expression of Akt in adult skeletal muscle induced MSY3 phosphorylation and myogenin derepression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the significance of myogenin regulation in adult muscle, the Akt/MSY3/myogenin regulatory circuit is a potential therapeutic target to counteract muscle degenerative disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult stem cells play key roles in homeostasis and tissue repair. (biomed.news)
  • However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this muscle syndrome and its relationship with plasma level of androgens are not completely understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • While there are general mechanisms that are true for muscle development all over the body, the head and postcranial muscle development differ from each other. (bvsalud.org)
  • Possible MSY3 mechanisms of action have been studied in cell culture studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • then we review the studies on the molecular mechanisms of LPLI-induced proliferation since January 1999, which will serve as a reference for the researchers in this field. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laboratory work has centered on the mechanisms of how cells acquire specific fates during growth and development, providing insights into normal and abnormal mechanisms of growth control. (stanford.edu)
  • Our research goals are to define the transcriptional networks and downstream mechanisms that link the molecular clock with proper skeletal muscle function and phenotype. (ufl.edu)
  • After several cell divisions, the satellite cells begin to fuse with the damaged myotubes and undergo further differentiations and maturation, with peripheral nuclei as in hallmark. (wikipedia.org)
  • These dividing cells are known as the "transit amplifying pool" before undergoing myogenic differentiation to form new (post-mitotic) myotubes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the presence of antler extracts, the length and thickness of myotubes and myogenin differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene expression were increased compared to those in the control group (CON). (kosfaj.org)
  • Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze a wide range of genes involved in liver development, cell stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms throughout embryogenesis in mule ducks to better understand the ontogeny of pathways related to liver fattening. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using genetic mouse models, we found that mutations of two different molecular clock genes, Clock and Bmal1, dramatically disrupt skeletal muscle structure and function. (ufl.edu)
  • First, rat liver epithelial RL34 cells were cultured by adding Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) to inorganic salt solution. (nature.com)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Muscle homeostasis is regulated by multiple cytoskeletal proteins and myogenic transcriptional programs responding to endogenous and exogenous signals influencing cell structure and function. (bvsalud.org)
  • My lab has pioneered research on the role of circadian rhythms and the molecular clock mechanism in skeletal muscle homeostasis and health. (ufl.edu)
  • Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Fibroblasts within the muscle deposit scar tissue, which can impair muscle function, and is a significant part of the pathology of muscular dystrophies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is a target tissue for anabolic steroids. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most of these cell types also interact with each other to ensure the proper development of skull, brain, muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels. (bvsalud.org)
  • The compromised tissue repair program is attributable to the gradual depletion of stem cells and to altered regulatory signals. (biomed.news)
  • Satellite cells are able to differentiate and fuse to augment existing muscle fibers and to form new fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myosatellite cells are located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of muscle fibers, and can lie in grooves either parallel or transversely to the longitudinal axis of the fibre. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantifying the exact expression levels of the mRNA isoforms encoding these myogenic transcription factors is therefore key to understanding how MuSCs switch between cell states. (biomed.news)
  • We demonstrate that mdPCR can give exact molecule counts per cell for mRNA isoforms encoding the myogenic transcription factor Pax3. (biomed.news)
  • CD34 and Myf5 markers specifically define the majority of quiescent satellite cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • When muscle cells undergo injury, quiescent satellite cells are released from beneath the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Semaphorins are a wide family of extracellular regulatory signals with a multifaceted role in cell-cell communication. (biomed.news)
  • ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Myosatellite cells, also known as satellite cells, muscle stem cells or MuSCs, are small multipotent cells with very little cytoplasm found in mature muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The field of satellite cell biology suffers from the same technical difficulties as other stem cell fields. (wikipedia.org)
  • KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase type III, which binds to stem cell factor. (inhibitorkit.com)
  • For example, muscle stem cells (MuSCs), located beneath the basal lamina, exist in the quiescent state but can transition to an activated, proliferative state upon injury. (biomed.news)
  • We studied the involvement of protein kinases A and C, phospho inositol 3 kinase, extracellu lar regulated kinases , vesicular release of dopamine, and changes in intracellular Ca2 concentra tions in the actions of estrogens. (inhibitorkit.com)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current thinking is that most satellite cells express PAX7 and PAX3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Satellite cells in the head musculature have a unique developmental program, and are Pax3-negative. (wikipedia.org)
  • in these cells physiological lev els of E2 and low levels of xenoestrogens can rapidly reverse actions of the DAT. (inhibitorkit.com)
  • Cell proliferation is a very important physiological effect for low power laser irradiation (LPLI) used in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Skeletal muscle is characterized by a remarkable capacity to rearrange after physiological changes and efficiently regenerate. (biomed.news)
  • The culture supernatant of animal cells, also known as 'conditioned medium' (CM), contains various factors secreted by the cells themselves, such as growth factors and cytokines. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, revealing how ncRNAs regulate ABPs will allow diverse therapeutic approaches for skeletal muscle disorders to be developed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally we are working in mouse and human models to determine the potential for time of day lifestyle interventions as a therapeutic approach to enhance molecular clock function and attenuate conditions of muscle weakness and wasting seen with aging and chronic diseases. (ufl.edu)
  • Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that, concurrent with a decrease in chondrogenesis, inhibition of p38 in limb bud cultures dramatically promotes muscle development. (biologists.com)
  • These cells are located beneath the basal lamina of myofiber in a dormant state. (elifesciences.org)
  • In healthy young adults, the skeletal muscle mass comprises approximately 60% of total body mass. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Since actin is an essential component in cytoskeleton dynamics, actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have been recognized as crucial players in skeletal muscle health and diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dual luciferase assay and Western-blot results demonstrated that SFRP1 was a target of miR-1/206 in porcine iliac endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Primary MuSCs isolated from individual skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius and masseter) are lysed, and their RNA is reverse-transcribed into cDNA and copied into double-stranded DNA. (biomed.news)
  • The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knocking down Akt expression increased the amount of dephosphorylated MSY3 and reduced myogenin expression and muscle differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While Akt over-expression rescued myogenin expression in MSY3 overexpressing myogenic cells, ablation of the Akt substrate, (Ser126 located in the MSY3 cold shock domain) promoted MSY3 accumulation in the nucleus and abolished this rescue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results support the hypothesis that MSY3 phosphorylation by Akt interferes with MSY3 repression of myogenin circuit activity during muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have previously shown that MSY3/Csda binds a highly conserved cis-acting element located upstream of the myogenin promoter (myogHCE) and regulates the postnatal down-regulation of myogenin [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression level of the SFRP1 was significantly higher in the embryonic skeletal compared with postnatal skeletal muscle, whereas miR-206 showed the inverse pattern of expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have also shown that time of exercise can significantly alter the clock mechanism in skeletal muscle independent of lighting and the central clock in the brain. (ufl.edu)
  • The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer tumors respond (as measured by pathologic complete response: the absence of microscopic evidence of invasive tumor cells in the breast) to combined chemotherapy of AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab or lapatinib or both given before surgery to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. (stanford.edu)
  • Such lack of clarity can be attributed to difficulty in isolating the individual events responsible for alterations in skeletal muscle, most of which occur simultaneously, among the multiple age-associated changes and co-morbidities associated with advanced age. (frontiersin.org)
  • These cells are regulated by a tight control of transcriptional programs. (biomed.news)
  • Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory factors coordinate the correct function and organization of many skeletal muscle functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We provide evidence for the maintenance and rapid organization of existing,somitic-derived limb myoblasts in response to p38 inhibitors. (biologists.com)
  • Adhesion-mediated heterogeneous actin organization governs apoptotic cell extrusion. (u-paris.fr)
  • Skeletal muscle is fairly unique in that the mature cells are syncytial and can contain hundreds of nuclei. (frontiersin.org)
  • The resulting cell-aligned constructs demonstrated remarkable improvement in actin filament alignment and cell proliferation compared with conventionally printed cell-laden constructs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO complex gates β-arrestin2 nuclear entry to regulate the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis. (u-paris.fr)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • These changes include elongation, polarization, aggregation and fusion, which ultimately give rise to functional muscle. (biologists.com)
  • This is followed by a short excursion to the cardiopharyngeal field which gives rise to heart and head musculature and a summary of pharyngeal arch muscle development, including interactions between neural crest cells, mesodermal cells, and endodermal signals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • The supernatant, containing the RL34 cell-secreted growth factors, was used as the conditioned medium (CM). This CM, with CVE added as a nutrient source, was applied to primary bovine myoblast cultures. (nature.com)
  • Androgens are the main physiologic anabolic steroid hormones and normal testosterone levels are necessary for a range of developmental and biological processes, including maintenance of muscle mass. (frontiersin.org)
  • Clinical studies of androgen supplementation in age-related diseases and muscle wasting are a focus of emerging interest ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • however, priority needs to be given to resistance exercise training, and secondarily to adequate protein intake should be part of this dietary regime to mitigate losing muscle mass. (biomed.news)
  • Mammalian hibernation presents a unique scenario, where animals are hypocaloric and in torpor, but the extent of muscle protein loss is minimized. (silverchair.com)
  • These and other data argue against the current interpretation of the myonuclear domain hypothesis and suggest that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber it persists. (frontiersin.org)
  • This theory has its origins in the concept of "Wirkungssphäre" or "sphere of influence" proposed by Strassburger (1893) , in which he argued that a nucleus can only support a discrete volume of cytoplasm, thus defining the upper limits to cell size. (frontiersin.org)