Mammalian morphological in vitro oocyte maturation techniques. Medical search. Frequent questions

Upon fertilization by sperm, the secondary oocyte continues the second part of meiosis and becomes a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
Georgeanna Seegar Jones was a reproductive endocrinologist who created one of America' s most successful infertility clinics in West Virginia and eventually, along with her husband Howard W. Jones MD, performed the first in vitro fertilization in America, leading to the birth of Elizabeth Jordan Carr. (asu.edu)
Howard Wilber Jones Jr. and his wife, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, developed a method of in vitro fertilization and helped create the first baby in the US using that method. (asu.edu)
In the United States, Legro's team tracked thousands of women undergoing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, along with the air quality of both the IVF clinics and patients' home locations. (asu.edu)
The court treated frozen embryos possessed by an in vitro fertilization clinic as property owned by the parents and held under a bailment contract by the clinic. (asu.edu)
These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
The present review discusses methods to improve oocyte quality in older women and new stimulation protocols that may improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved during an in vitro fertilization cycle. (arvigen.com)
Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
1998. Influence of organochlorine pesticides on maturation and post-fertilization development of bovine oocytes in vitro . (cdc.gov)
Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs [3] "Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. (edu.au)
To ascertain whether the Kunming (KM) mouse is an available model for age-related decline in female fertility in human or not, oocytes from young (6-8 weeks), middle-aged (9 months) and aged (12 months) female mice were compared with respect to number of oocytes, frequency of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and meiotic chromosome segregation and alignment. (cambridge.org)
Despite considerable technological advancements, polyspermy remains a significant challenge in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures in pigs, disrupting normal embryonic development. (e-jarb.org)
in vitro fertilization. (who.int)
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)
This has been shown for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ICSI, and increased incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, minor and major birth defects, or early childhood cancers, particularly in the male offspring, have been linked to these procedures [ 8 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Oocytes are highly specialized cells that undergo the unique processes of meiosis and fertilization and execute a molecular program for development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, to date, an effective and simple proxy of oocyte quality parameters has not been established yet making difficult for an accurate assessment of the female gamete quality before fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
In the oocyte, mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism providing energy for successful cytoplasm and nucleus maturation, fertilization, embryo development, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The successfulness of mammalian fertilization completely relies on the efficacy of the acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)

Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurs during oocyte meiotic maturation, a period when transcriptional processes are virtually inactive. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results indicate MIR21 is active and important during meiotic maturation of the oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant reduction of germinal vesicle (GV) and MII oocytes and significant increase of metaphase chromosome misalignment and premature chromatid segregation after meiotic maturation of oocytes, similar to human, presumably contribute to the decline in aged KM mice. (cambridge.org)

Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
Due to its clinical applications success of IVF results is the morphological and the expansion of non-invasive treatment quality of the embryo. (who.int)
Establishment of a new in vitro Culture System and functional Analysis of Sonic Hedgehog and FGF8 in the Determination of Laterality in the Rabbit Embryo Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. (studylibde.com)
We show that this histone modification is first enriched at PCH in the whole embryo and evolves into a diffuse distribution in epiblast during its specification and maturation. (sciencegate.app)
Moreover, the dynamic of H3K27me3 at PCH during in vitro conversion from naïve to primed pluripotent state and during ESCs derivation suggests that the mechanisms underlying the control of this histone mark at PCH are different in embryo and in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
Currently, the ability to culture in vitro totipotent cells possessing molecular and functional features like those of an early embryo in vivo has been a challenge. (sciencegate.app)

2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage mouse embryos were cultured for 1 h in tritiated leucine at two specific activities and their subsequent development followed in vitro and in vivo (after transfer to recipients), respectively. (sciencegate.app)

For several primary oocytes that complete meiosis I each month, only one or a few functional oocyte, the dominant follicles, completes maturation and undergoes ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
The primary oocyte turns into a secondary oocyte in mature ovarian follicles. (wikipedia.org)
For in vitro culture of follicles, there are various techniques to optimize the growth of follicles, including the use of defined media, growth factors and three-dimensional extracellular matrix support. (wikipedia.org)
Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)
The mean number of ovarian follicles, ovarian germinal vesicle oocytes and ovulated MII oocytes decreased significantly with maternal age. (cambridge.org)

ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)
1974. Pesticidal chemicals affecting some energy-linked functions of rat liver mitochondria in vitro . (cdc.gov)
Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)

The nucleus of such an oocyte is called a germinal vesicle (see picture). (wikipedia.org)

This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
Removal of sperm tail using trypsin and pre-activation of oocyte facilitates intracytoplasmic sperm injection in mice and rats. (stanford.edu)
We examined various methods to enhance the accessibility of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technology to more users by making the technique easier, more efficient, and practical. (stanford.edu)
however, the use of activated oocytes resulted in the same fecundity as that of fresh, untreated sperm. (stanford.edu)
in-vitro -matured oocytes were co-incubated with sperm according to a modified two-step culture system. (e-jarb.org)
In the first experiment, oocytes were briefly co-incubated with sperm, washed in IVF medium, and then moved to fresh IVF medium for 5 or 6 h. (e-jarb.org)
In experiment 2, oocytes were inseminated with sperm separated by Pecroll treatment. (e-jarb.org)
In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. (hindawi.com)
The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)

This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
This study underscores the subtle differences between in vitro derived TBLCs and in vivo mouse early developmental cell stages at the single-cell transcriptomic level. (sciencegate.app)

Cumulus oophorus is a cluster of cells (called cumulus cells) that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of brief, intense exposure to tobacco smoke on granulosa cell number, oocyte growth, and follicle size during puberty in female Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Granulosa cells (GCs) have many functions and are fundamental for both folliculogenesis and oogenesis, releasing hormones and communicating directly with the oocyte. (bvsalud.org)

These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. (wikipedia.org)

Despite several recent studies investigating molecular markers related to oocyte quality, methods currently available for their determination pose various technical challenges and limitations. (biomedcentral.com)

Once a month, one of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we summarize the results regarding the activation of primordial oocytes in neonatal and adult ovaries of different species and propose a model in which ovaries of neonatal mammals contain a mixed population of both quiescent and activated primordial oocytes, while almost all primordial oocytes are quiescent in adult females. (go.jp)
FOXO3 is considered one of the molecules responsible for the dormancy of primordial oocytes in adult ovaries. (go.jp)

Furthermore, if it can be demonstrated that the biochemical and structural basis upon which memory and personality (personal identity) rest are degraded or destroyed by some cryopreservation techniques, while being preserved by others, then the issue of what treatment to choose within the sphere of human cryopreservation procedures becomes paramount. (chronopause.com)

Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The rabbit develops via a flat blastodisc phase representing the archetypical mode of mammalian embryogenesis. (studylibde.com)
To facilitate a quantitative morphological analysis of early mouse development under controlled conditions, a perfusion culture system capable of supporting embryogenesis to blastocyst stage has been developed. (sciencegate.app)

in 2015 showed that supplementation of CoQ10 in an aged animal model delayed decline in ovarian reserve, restored oocyte mitochondrial gene expression, and improved mitochondrial activity with a significant reduction in oocyte aneuploidy. (arvigen.com)
As a follow-up study, conditional disruption of the gene PDSS-2, resulting in isolated CoQ deficiency in the oocytes of young animals, resulted in phenotypic changes characteristic of oocyte mitochondrial dysfunction associated with aging. (arvigen.com)
Several physiological parameters, such as viability, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have been also reported as useful markers of oocyte quality in marine invertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to intracellular mitochondrial movement, intercellular mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has recently been discovered. (biomedcentral.com)
The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Influence of organochlorine pesticides on development of mouse embryos in vitro . (cdc.gov)
Along with polyspermy, the suboptimal quality of IVF-derived pig embryos poses another challenge that needs to be addressed for in vitro production systems. (e-jarb.org)
Low-quality embryos, on the other cells, thereby maintaining a relatively low basal hand, frequently display morphological level [16-18]. (who.int)
Conversely, in standard-cultured embryos showing altered LR marker gene expression, maturation of the PNC was impaired leading to a disturbance of leftward flow. (studylibde.com)

Moreover, brief exposure during puberty may induce silent oocyte disruption, which could in turn lead to decreased fecundity rates. (biomedcentral.com)

A small number of primordial oocytes start to grow, while others remain quiescent. (go.jp)
These quiescent primordial oocytes are activated, perhaps by certain mechanisms involving the interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory factors, to enter the growth phase. (go.jp)

When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
In view of the known modulation of reproductive development by swimming exercise in other teleost species, we aimed at investigating the effects of sustained swimming on reproductive development in seabass males during the first year of life in order to determine if swimming could potentially reduce precocious sexual maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. (frontiersin.org)
Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)

Male European seabass, already predominant (~ 70%) in cultured stocks, show a high incidence (20-30%) of precocious sexual maturation under current aquaculture practices, leading to important economic losses for the industry. (biomedcentral.com)
In seabass aquaculture, the high incidence (20 to 30%) of precocious sexual maturation in males during the first year of life places a critical restraint to production parameters. (biomedcentral.com)

It is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. (cambridge.org)

In the current study, RNA of human ovarian granulosa cells was collected at 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of long-term in vitro culture. (bvsalud.org)

As a result, these aged mice had more oocytes with stimulation, the developmental potential of the oocytes was improved, and more offspring were born compared to old animals receiving placebo 1. (arvigen.com)

To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, its estimation is predominantly based on morphological analysis, which is subjective and does not consistently reflect the developmental competence of the oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
however, it is not per se sufficient to assure oocyte developmental competence [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The decreased quality of oocytes involves an increased rate of chromosomal aneuploidy with aging predominantly related to meiotic errors during oocyte maturation. (arvigen.com)

The requirement to conduct complex mammalian toxicity tests at Annex IX which potentially involves the use of hundreds of vertebrates (normally rats) needs to be carefully considered to ensure that it satisfies Article 25(1) of the REACH Regulation that any testing on vertebrate animals is undertaken only as a last resort. (europa.eu)

The rate of IVM in oocytes from young mice (73.9%) was less significantly than that in oocytes from middle-aged and aged mice (86.1% and 84.4%, respectively). (cambridge.org)

A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)

Percoll treatment increased the rate of oocyte penetration and blastocyst formation compared to the control. (e-jarb.org)
The large volume of medium significantly reduced the number of dead oocytes and increased the rate of blastocyst formation compared to the small volume. (e-jarb.org)

In experiment 3, fertilized oocytes were cultured in 25 μL microdroplets (10 gametes/drop) or 500 μL (100 gametes/well) of culture medium in 4-well plates. (e-jarb.org)
Precocious maturation of males, already predominant in the fish stock (up to 70%), results in non-marketable fish due to the fact that growth and feed utilization are negatively affected by the energy invested in the production of gametes. (biomedcentral.com)

The Zietzschmann‐Preuss award's board of trustees valued the paper for its in-depth analysis and correlation of the immunohistochemical localization of anti-angiogenic factors with morphological features at the ultramicroscopical level. (wava-amav.org)
Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. (cambridge.org)

The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)

Injection of a MIR21 mimic increased oocyte maturation rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-activated oocytes were more resistant to physical damage, showed higher survival rates, and required less time per injection. (stanford.edu)

In the mid-1980s, neuroscientists studying the mechanics of how memory is encoded in the brain began to develop techniques precisely analogous to those used in medicine to create 3-dimensional images of tissue structure - but in this case, on the nanoscale as opposed to the macro-scale images produced from serial, uni-dimensional x-rays of tissue with Computerized Tomographic Scanning (CT-Scanning). (chronopause.com)
Two techniques have been developed to allow such 3-dimensional nanoscale imaging of brain tissue: Electron Microscopic tomography [4, 5] and Ultrathin Serial Section Transmission Electron Microscopy (USSTEM). (chronopause.com)
[6] , [7] This latter technique consists of making ~ 100 serial sections of tissue (in this case of brain tissue), of 40 to 60 nm thickness and imaging them with conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). (chronopause.com)

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to evaluate morphological features and diagnose head disorders in adult dogs. (edu.au)

After beginning the meiotic process, the oogonia (now called primary oocytes) can no longer replicate. (wikipedia.org)

The fact that live-birth rates from oocyte donation in older women are consistent with the age of the donor suggests that oocyte quality is the major factor responsible for reduced fecundability with aging. (arvigen.com)

Relative abundance of mature MIR21 was quantified at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 42 h of in vitro (IVM) with or without treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). (biomedcentral.com)

We think that primordial oocytes in adult mammals are different from those in neonatal mammals. (go.jp)

Many investigations have been designed to gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying oocyte quality based on a differential analysis applied to molecular, biochemical, transcriptomic, or proteomic data. (biomedcentral.com)

Because stromal cells can modulate the functionality of myeloid cells in vitro, targeting stromal-myeloid interactions has become an attractive potential therapeutic strategy. (pklab.org)
Recently, it was reported that treatment with a single spliceosome inhibitor, pladienolide B (plaB), can successfully reprogram mouse pluripotent stem cells into totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) in vitro. (sciencegate.app)

These specific advantages of the rabbit were employed in this study to further examine the role of two central determinants of laterality, namely Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and FGF8, and also extended by the design of a new in vitro culture technique. (studylibde.com)

Nevertheless, the complexity of the techniques applied to assess gene expression and protein profile is a major bottleneck for the use of molecular markers in the oocyte quality assessment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Other attempts to overcome ooplasmic aging have utilized oocyte manipulation at a subcellular level. (arvigen.com)

Thus, the maturing oocyte is reliant on processes such as post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) to regulate the mRNA and protein repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)

Testing this method in rats yielded similar results, although the oocyte activation method was different. (stanford.edu)

Oocyte quality has been defined as the ability of oocytes to be fertilized and produce viable progeny. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes3

Information Science1

Fertilization20

Meiotic maturation4

Embryo6

Followed in vitro and in vivo1

Follicles6

Mitochondria3

Germinal vesicle1

Sperm10

Vivo4

Follicle2

Oogenesis1

Ovulation1

Methods1

Ovaries3

Cryopreservation1

Cumulus cells1

Embryogenesis2

Mitochondrial5

Embryos4

Fecundity1

Quiescent2

Species2

Cellular2

Aquaculture2

Meiosis1

Granulosa1

Developmental potential1

Competence3

Predominantly1

Toxicity1

Mice1

Involves1

Blastocyst2

Gametes2

Localization2

Development1

Injection2

Tissue3

Evaluate1

Process1

Suggests1

Mature1

Adult1

Mechanisms1

Cells2

Culture1

Molecular1

Overcome1

Processes1

Results1

Quality1