The protein expression levels of phosph-protein kinase B (P-AKT), phosph-mammalian targets of rapamycin (P-mTOR), and phosph-p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P-p70s6K) in tumor cells were likewise reduced after hinokitiol treatment. (jcancer.org)
A Central Role for Neuronal AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in High-Protein Diet-Induced Weight Loss. (diabetesjournals.org)
Dexamethasone may inhibit placental growth by blocking glucocorticoid receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human placental JEG-3 cells. (bvsalud.org)
The phosphatydilinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian focus on of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a main concentrate of attention for cancers researchers before decade. (biomasswars.com)
Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
MTOR6
Finally the last section will be devoted to a new class of compounds that are able to inhibit both mTOR complexes and the new dual inhibitors that are also adding activity against the phosphatydilinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) a key component of the main opinions loop involved in this pathway. (biomasswars.com)
Pfizer) plus Everolimus are underway (35 36 Furthermore preclinical data have shown that mTORC1 inhibition results in a hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway and simultaneous increase of the signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK) pathway (37) thus proving the presence of another opinions loop that connect the PI3K-AKT-mTOR with the MAPK pathway. (biomasswars.com)
This observation has provided rationale for combining several ongoing phase I clinical trials combining mTOR PI3K or AKT inhibitors with MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors. (biomasswars.com)
FRAP1 (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in cellular growth and proliferation. (thermofisher.com)
Perturbations in the mTOR/PI3-kinase/AKT pathway are associated with numerous forms of cancer. (thermofisher.com)
In addition, the results of IPA analysis indicated that the upstream factor IL-2 initiated the PI3K/AKt/mTOR, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and JAK/STAT5 pathway, leading to the liver's involvement in gut microbial immune regulation. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation3
Through its interaction with Vav2, AFAP1L1 regulates Rac activity and downstream control of PAK1/2/3 (p21-activated kinases) phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and MLC2. (nature.com)
Association of mammalian sterile twenty kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, with hSalvador via C-terminal coiled-coil domains, leads to its stabilization and phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
HSL from chicken adipose tissue exhibits remarkable activation upon phosphorylation with cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) compared to HSL from rat and human adipose tissue. (lu.se)
AMPK3
Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (jneurosci.org)
Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has become the focus of a great deal of attention as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK has been demonstrated to mediate, at least in part, the effects of a number of physiological and pharmacological factors that exert beneficial effects on these disorders. (aspetjournals.org)
MAPK2
Over the last few decades, it has been studied that the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced kidney damage are complex and involved numerous cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, apoptosis, accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells via renal drug transporters, Ctr1 and OCT2, and involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
In particular, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, one of the MAPK pathway is considered as an important mediator of signal transduction processes, namely cell survival, cell division, gene expression, and cell metabolism that plays role in injury, death, and inflammation of kidney tubular cells due to cisplatin administration [ 5 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
Inhibitors3
They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
Pathway4
We have identified a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to the invadopodia to regulate sarcoma cell invasion via the molecule AFAP-1-like-1 (AFAP1L1), a new member of the AFAP (actin filament-associated protein) family. (nature.com)
AFAP1L1 intersects several invadopodia pathway components through its multiple domains and motifs, including the following (i) pleckstrin homology domains that bind phospholipids generated at the plasma membrane by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, (ii) a direct filamentous-actin binding domain and (iii) phospho-tyrosine motifs (pY136 and pY566) that specifically bind Vav2 and Nck2 SH2 domains, respectively. (nature.com)
These data define a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to sarcoma cell invadopodia through specific recruitment of Vav2 and Nck2 to phosphorylated AFAP1L1, to control cell migration and invasion. (nature.com)
Genetic screens in Drosophila have revealed that the serine/threonine kinase Hippo (Hpo) and the scaffold protein Salvador participate in a pathway that controls cell proliferation and apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Pathways1
H 2 S can be produced by nonenzymatic and enzymatic pathways in mammalian organisms. (hindawi.com)
Serine1
BACKGROUND: The serine/threonine mammalian Ste-20 like kinases (MSTs) are key regulators of apoptosis, cellular proliferation as well as polarization. (ox.ac.uk)
PI3K2
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase type 2α (PI3KC2α) is an essential member of the structurally unresolved class II PI3K family with crucial functions in lipid signaling, endocytosis, angiogenesis, viral replication, platelet formation and a role in mitosis. (nature.com)
Complexes of Vps34, the sole class III PI3K member, produce PI 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) in the endolysosomal system and during autophagy to regulate vesicle-mediated sorting en route to lysosomes 1 . (nature.com)
Metabolism3
Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) plays a crucial role in various aspects of metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid-modifying enzymes that phosphorylate the 3′-OH group of inositol phospholipids and play key roles in physiology ranging from cell growth and metabolism to organismal development. (nature.com)
Protein kinase D regulates metabolism and growth by controlling secretion of insulin like peptide. (ncbs.res.in)
Inhibitor2
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have determined the crystal structure of kinase domain of MST4 in complex with an ATP-mimetic inhibitor. (ox.ac.uk)
The compound is an inhibitor of mammalian protein kinase and has been applied topically for the treatment of skin metastasis showing good local tolerability [5]. (who.int)
Phosphatidylinositol4
PI3P-dependent regulation of cell size and autophagy by phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase. (ncbs.res.in)
Conversely, increased deoxycytidine kinase activity is associated with increased activation of these agents to cytotoxic nucleoside triphosphate derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes1
Functional analysis of mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. (ncbs.res.in)
Receptors1
Background The functional interchangeability of mammalian Notch receptors (Notch1-4) in normal and pathophysiologic contexts such as for example cancer is unsettled. (careersfromscience.org)
MST21
Together with a homology model of MST2 we provide a comparative analysis of the kinase domains for all four members of the human MST family. (ox.ac.uk)
Circadian2
Previous reports have suggested that protein kinases play important roles in the regulation of circadian clocks ( Reischl and Kramer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Mammalian circadian rhythms can be observed from the genetic level to the tissue level, and even to the macroscopic level, affecting behavior, biochemical and physiological processes. (frontiersin.org)
Nucleoside1
One hypothesis for the functionality of the "open" conformation is that the "open" conformation may assist in the initial nucleoside binding and the release of the monophosphate product Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) phosphorylates several deoxyribonucleosides and their nucleoside analogues (a nucleoside with a sugar and a different nucleic acid base substitute or analogue that has unique properties when modified) using phosphate groups from ATP and UTP. (wikipedia.org)
Species2
A family of cell cycle-dependent kinases that are related in structure to CDC28 PROTEIN KINASE, S CEREVISIAE and the CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE found in mammalian species. (bvsalud.org)
Hence, our results demonstrate that HSL from chicken adipose tissue is comparable in size and specific activity to HSL from mammalian species, and not a smaller 42 kDa polypeptide with 1000-fold lower specific activity as previously reported. (lu.se)
MST11
Hpo most closely resembles the pro-apoptotic mammalian sterile20 kinases 1 and 2 (Mst1 and 2), and Salvador (Sav) has a human orthologue hSav (also called hWW45). (ox.ac.uk)
Vitro1
To investigate the in vitro effects of suicide gene therapy system of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV-TK) in combination with the treatment of nucleotide analog-ganciclovir (GCV) on human pancreatic cancer, and to provide a novel clinical therapeutic method for human pancreatic cancer. (wjgnet.com)
The interplay between the natural immune system and microbes coordinates the physiology of the whole organism, and in specific mammalian lineages, there is a dependency between the host and its associated microbes. (bvsalud.org)
Gene3
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is an enzyme which is encoded by the DCK gene in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Based upon an equal result in the tests of all oils from the Citrus category, the results of the available gene mutation tests in mammalian cells with a citrus oil can be read across to the other oils. (europa.eu)
For both orange oil and lemon oil, the gene mutation study in mammalian cells was negative. (europa.eu)
Structural2
Structural comparison of human mammalian ste20-like kinases. (ox.ac.uk)
Mammalian PI3Ks are grouped into three classes based on their structural organization. (nature.com)
Expression1
These effects were mediated by decreases in the activity and expression of choline kinase α and lactate dehydrogenase which respectively control PC and lactate production downstream of HIF-1. (liveconscience.com)
Activity1
Septins tune lipid kinase activity and PI(4,5)P turnover during G-protein-coupled PLC signalling in vivo. (ncbs.res.in)
Family1
This is the first structure of an inactive conformation of a member of the MST kinase family. (ox.ac.uk)
Cells2
Mammalian aging is regarded as partially due to the reduced capacity of stem/precursor cells to endure self-renewing divisions. (ampkpathway.com)
A study by White et al (2009) found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)
Important1
The mammalian gut is considered an important microbial ecosystem. (bvsalud.org)