Mammalian iron homeostasis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Depletion of OTUD3 results in a disorder of iron metabolism. (nature.com)
Fe-S clusters are cofactors that play a role in the function of a diverse set of enzymes, including those that regulate metabolism, iron homeostasis, and oxidative stress response. (wikipedia.org)
This disease is a result of a deficiency of ISCU that corresponds to the deficiency of mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins and impaired muscle oxidative metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
His work involves examining a) post-transcriptional regulation of cellular iron metabolism by the IRE/IRP regulatory system, b) regulation of iron transport by hepcidin and hemojuvelin, c) iron metabolism and tumor growth and d) iron metabolism and hepatitis C virus (HCV). (carleton.ca)
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 post-transcriptionally control mammalian iron homeostasis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs), conserved RNA stem-loop structures located in the 5'- or 3'- untranslated regions of genes involved in iron metabolism (e.g. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Aft1p regulates genes involved in iron metabolism, and Mac1p regulates genes involved in copper homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU, Galy B, Camaschella C: Two to tango: regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Iron plays crucial roles in the metabolism of eukaryotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The developed model highlights the importance of an Fe II mitochondrial pool and the necessary exclusion of O 2 in the mitochondrial matrix for eukaryotic iron-sulfur cluster metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, the sterol regulatory element binding protein SrbA was found to be essential for adaptation to iron starvation, thereby linking regulation of iron metabolism, ergosterol biosynthesis, azole drug resistance, and hypoxia adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
As mono or diiron center as well as incorporated into heme or iron-sulfur clusters, this metal is an indispensable cofactor for a variety of cellular processes including electron transport, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of DNA and sterols. (frontiersin.org)
The complex intertwining of iron metabolism and oxidative stress is emphasized by the iron-dependence of detoxification of oxidative stress as, e.g., catalases and peroxidases require heme as cofactor. (frontiersin.org)
The identification and functional characterization of 24 genes that are involved in iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus and/or Aspergillus nidulans , respectively, revealed significant insights into iron metabolism and its regulation (Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Organisms of different orders have thus developed customized iron metabolism of their own which has to be tightly regulated. (mdpi.com)
In addition, dysregulated iron metabolism has been implicated in various disorders, such as inflammation, infection, and cancer highlighting its much broader role in pathophysiology. (mdpi.com)
For example, novel roles of host-gut microbiota crosstalk in mammalian iron homeostasis, and its connection with cell proliferation and metabolism have generated widespread interest. (mdpi.com)
Iron Toxicity Post #65: there is NO such thing as 'Iron Metabolism. (gotmag.org)
In these 9 Articles - and there are 100's more just like them - that "examine" the many facets of Iron Metabolism and Iron Homeostasis, there is ONE WORD that is missing from ALL of these studies… Any one want to venture a guess as to what that one word might be? (gotmag.org)
Yes, they make a point of mentioning Ceruloplasmin, and on a rare occasion, will discuss the Ferroxidase enzyme function, but no where do they honor or highlight that there is NO such thing as "Iron Metabolism. (gotmag.org)
We are "D"rowning in Iron Supplements & Infusions - that KILL our metabolism! (gotmag.org)
Iron plays a key role in oxygen storage (myoglobin) and in energy metabolism, and there are pathophysiological bases that explain the beneficial effect of IV iron therapy in patients with HF. (revistanefrologia.com)
Bastian TW, Rao R, Tran PV, Georgieff MK (2020) The effects of early-life Iron deficiency on brain energy metabolism. (vitamindwiki.com)
We aim to understand how mammals regulate intracellular and systemic iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2) regulate the expression of numerous proteins of iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Discovery of iron sulfur proteins in many crucial pathways, from respiration to DNA and RNA metabolism and numerous metabolic pathways, may substantially add to our understanding of cellular homeostasis and function. (nih.gov)
She came to NIH as a human genetics fellow in the NICHD, and was subsequently promoted to head of the Section on Human Iron Metabolism, and then to head of the Metals Biology and Molecular Medicine Branch. (nih.gov)
She was elected to the American Association of Physicians, received a distinguished alumnus award from Duke Medical Center, and has twice received the NIH Director's Award for outstanding accomplishments in iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Dr. Rouault's laboratory has a long-standing interest in regulation of mammalian iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Early work involved cloning and characterization of iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRPs), and elucidation of how these proteins sense cytosolic iron levels and regulate expression of iron metabolism genes. (nih.gov)
IRPs bind to RNA stem-loops known as iron-responsive elements (IREs) in transcripts that encode iron metabolism genes, including ferritin, transferrin receptor 1, ferroportin, HIF2 alpha, and several other transcripts. (nih.gov)
To approach questions about the physiology of iron metabolism, we generated loss-of-function mutations of IRP1 and IRP2 in mice through homologous recombination in embryonic cell lines. (nih.gov)
In the absence of provocative stimuli, we observed no abnormalities in iron metabolism associated with loss of IRP1 function. (nih.gov)
Iron homeostasis in animals is tightly controlled, and numerous cellular pathways regulate iron uptake, storage, metabolism and secretion. (nature.com)
Head - Iron Metabolism Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, 1984-present. (learned.cz)
Member of Steering Committee for the International Conferences on Proteins of Iron Metabolism, 1995. (learned.cz)
Honoree of the 47th Annual André Aisenstadt Memorial Clinical Day, Jewish General Hospital, for "bringing international recognition to the Hospital for his research accomplishments in the field of iron metabolism", 2009. (learned.cz)
Thyroid hormones are essential for metabolism, energy homeostasis and reproduction. (awionline.org)
For example, we have found that DNA damage response and ATM kinase regulate ferroptosis via affecting iron metabolism (5). (duke.edu)
As its milk counterpart, Lf present in mucosal secretions and neutrophil secondary granules displays a wide array of functions including antimicrobial activity, as well as modulatory actions on immune response, cell proliferation, and iron metabolism, among some others [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Ferroportin disease (hemochromatosis type 4) is a recently recognized disorder of human iron metabolism, characterized by iron deposition in macrophages, including Kupffer cells. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)

Dr. Pantopoulos studies the mechanisms that control mammalian iron homeostasis at the cellular and systemic level. (carleton.ca)
Therefore, fungi evolved fine-tuned mechanisms for uptake and storage of iron, such as the production of siderophores (low-molecular mass iron-specific chelators). (frontiersin.org)
To ensure iron supply but to avoid iron toxicity, all organisms evolved sophisticated mechanisms to balance acquisition, storage, and consumption of iron. (frontiersin.org)
Bastian TW (2019) Potential mechanisms driving mitochondrial motility impairments in developing iron-deficient neurons. (vitamindwiki.com)
The discovery of the iron-sulfur cluster in IRP1 led to extensive studies of mechanisms of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, which resulted in characterization of a mammalian cysteine desulfurase, NFS1, a primary scaffold known as ISCU, a secondary scaffold known as NFU1, an NFS1 binding partner, ISD11, and a cochaperone known as HSC20. (nih.gov)
Second, we have identified the mammalian stringent response pathway which is highly similar to bacterial stringent response, but with some very interesting twists and novel mechanisms. (duke.edu)
Our current research now focuses on the mechanisms of cellular thiol-redox homeostasis that considers the different compartments of the eukaryotic cell, in particular the endoplasmic reticulum and links with mitochondria, and on the mechanism of the machinery that assembles iron-sulfur clusters (ISC), which are protein cofactors made of iron and sulfur and are present in a multitude of proteins and processes. (paris-saclay.fr)
5. KornitzerD (2009) Fungal mechanisms for host iron acquisition. (prelekara.sk)
Such information is also essential for evaluation of efficiency of haemopoietic and other compensatory mechanisms involved in restoration of homeostasis. (scialert.net)

This pathway shows the regulation of iron between a cell and the blood stream. (wikipathways.org)
The regulation and maintenance of iron homeostasis is critical to human health. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
A multi-tiered strategy was used to solve an ordinary-differential-equations-based mathematical model of iron import, trafficking, and regulation in growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Over recent years, discovery of several new players in cellular and systemic iron regulation has revolutionized our understandings from both basic science and translational perspectives. (mdpi.com)
o Simpson RJ et al, 2009-Aug6, "Regulation of Intestinal Iron Absorption: The Mucosa Takes Control? (gotmag.org)
Malik AR, Urbanska M, Skalecka A, Jaworski J. Beyond control of protein translation: what we have learned about the non-canonical regulation and function of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (benthamscience.com)
Ponka P, Neuwirt J. Regulation of iron entry into reticulocytes. (learned.cz)

Much iron is trafficked into mitochondria where it is used for iron-sulfur cluster assembly and heme biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
At the next level of complexity, the cell was divided into three regions, including cytosol, mitochondria, and vacuoles, each of which was presumed to contain a single form of iron. (biomedcentral.com)
Our goals in studying mammalian iron-sulfur biogenesis are to understand how iron-sulfur prosthetic groups are assembled and delivered to target proteins in the various compartments of mammalian cells, including mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus. (nih.gov)
Mitophagy is a type of mitochondrial quality control mechanism that degrades damaged mitochondria and maintains cellular homeostasis. (ijbs.com)
Mitophagy, a type of specific autophagy that eliminates and degrades damaged mitochondria to ensure the quality control of mitochondria, is essential for cellular homeostasis and mammalian survival [ 12 , 13 ]. (ijbs.com)

The multicopper oxidase ceruloplasmin plays a key role in iron homeostasis, and its ferroxidase activity is required to stabilize cell surface ferroportin, the only known mammalian iron exporter. (uniroma3.it)
Mutations in the gene encoding ferroportin 1, a cellular iron exporter, are responsible for this iron storage disease, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)
In conclusion, the systemic iron burden in ferroportin disease is not a sufﬁcient cause for chronic liver disease. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)
In patients with most, but not all, ferroportin mutations, retention of iron in macrophages of the liver and other organs may protect against damage to parenchymal cells. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)
Finally, macrophage iron storage in ferroportin disease is associated with elevated serum pro-hepcidin levels. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)
utations in the human gene encoding ferroportin 1 (FPN1/IREG-1/MTP-1/SLC40A1) are associated with an unusual iron overload syndrome, recently named hemochromatosis type 4 or ferroportin disease. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)
Hepcidin, which is expressed in the liver, heart, 16 and kidney, 17 is the key mediator of anemia of inﬂammation, 18,19 and synthetic hepcidin was shown to interact physically with ferroportin in a cellular overexpression system, causing internalization and degradation, and decreased export of iron. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)

It is present in many forms including heme centers, iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs), nonheme mononuclear species, and iron-oxo dimeric centers. (biomedcentral.com)
During iron starvation, HapX represses iron-consuming pathways, including heme biosynthesis and respiration, to spare iron and activates synthesis of ribotoxin AspF1 and siderophores, the latter partly by ensuring supply of the precursor, ornithine. (frontiersin.org)
Scientific Subcommittee on Iron and Heme, American Society of Hematology, Founder & Chairman, 1996-1999. (learned.cz)
I. Feedback inhibitory effect of heme on iron entry into reticulocytes and on heme synthesis. (learned.cz)
To overcome this iron limitation, C. albicans is able to extract iron from heme and hemoglobin, the largest iron pools in the human body, via a pathway that involves endocytosis into the cell. (prelekara.sk)
Our data suggest the existence of a relay system that transfers heme from one protein to the next across the cell envelope, explaining the requirement for multiple heme receptors for efficient heme-iron utilization. (prelekara.sk)
A Relay Network of Extracellular Heme-Binding Proteins Drives Iron Acquisition from Hemoglobin. (prelekara.sk)

Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme ISCU, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ISCU gene. (wikipedia.org)
Human mitoNEET (mNT) is the first identified Fe-S protein of the mammalian outer mitochondrial membrane. (nih.gov)
A yeast strain in which Mrs3/4, the high-affinity iron importers on the mitochondrial inner membrane, are deleted exhibits a slow-growth phenotype when grown under iron-deficient conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The Rouault lab discovered that animals that lacked IRP2 developed adult-onset neurodegeneration with prominent motor neuron disease, and studies demonstrated that functional iron deficiency adversely affected mitochondrial function in neurons. (nih.gov)
The results showed that cisplatin induced mitochondrial injury, ROS release, intracellular iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the kidney, which were aggravated in Bnip3 knockout , Pink1 knockout or Park2 knockout cisplatin-treated mice. (ijbs.com)

They are vital for the molecular signaling that maintains cellular homeostasis and are hazardous only at high concentrations. (fapesp.br)

Intracellular iron levels are elaborately balanced by iron efflux, uptake, and storage proteins that are regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs, including IRP1 and IRP2) [ 16 ]. (nature.com)
IRP1 is an iron-sulfur protein that functions as an aconitase in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)
IRP2 is homologous to IRP1 but undergoes iron-dependent degradation in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)
IRP1 acquires an iron-sulfur cluster in iron-replete cells that prevents it from binding to IREs, and enables it to function as a cytosolic aconite. (nih.gov)
The IRE-binding activity of IRP1 depends on the presence of an iron-sulfur cluster (see "Mammalian iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis" below). (nih.gov)
IRP2 also binds to IREs in iron-depleted cells, but, unlike IRP1, is degraded in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)

Iron is crucially involved in multiple important biochemical pathways, and thus a sufficient supply of the metal is not only essential for mammalian host cells but also for most microbes which need the metal for their growth and pathogenicity. (tugraz.at)
Importantly, iron controls multiple steps of host immune responses and thus the efficacy of anti-microbial host effector pathways. (tugraz.at)
8. WeissmanZ, ShemerR, KornitzerD (2002) Deletion of the copper transporter CaCCC2 reveals two distinct pathways for iron acquisition in Candida albicans. (prelekara.sk)

A possible linkage between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. (benthamscience.com)
Therefore, we termed this pathway as "mammalian stringent response" (12). (duke.edu)

Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) is a key factor in regulating brain iron homeostasis. (nature.com)
Here, we report OTUD3 (OTU domain-containing protein 3) functions as a deubiquitylase for IRP2, interacts with IRP2 in the cytoplasm, de-polyubiquitylates, and stabilizes IRP2 protein in an iron-independent manner. (nature.com)
It encodes an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster scaffold protein involved in [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] cluster synthesis and maturation. (wikipedia.org)
These results were confirmed by western blot analysis for the iron storage protein ferritin light chain. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutant R701W, which was found in a heterozygous very young patient with severe neurological problems, was unable to complement per se but did so in the presence of copper-glutathione or when the yeast copper ATPase Ccc2p was co-expressed, indicating that the protein was structurally able to bind copper but that metal loading involving the mammalian copper ATPase ATP7B was impaired. (uniroma3.it)
Haem iron is absorbed into the enterocytes by a haem carrier protein 1, a membrane protein found in the intestine. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
Transferrin-bound iron enters target cells (erythroid, immune, and hepatic cells) is stored as ferritin (the major iron storage protein). (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
This protein displays antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis and to the control of life-threatening diseases in the intestine of consumers, mainly in neonates [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Due to their reactivity and redox properties, these molecules engage into redox reactions that are at the heart of multiple life-essential cellular enzymatic, metabolic and synthetic processes: energy production, DNA synthesis and repair, protein translation, protein secretion, stress protection and homeostasis, cellular signaling and biological clocks control. (paris-saclay.fr)
Zinc/ Iron/Cadmium ion transporter protein IRT1 of 355 aas and 9 TMSs. (tcdb.org)

Recent findings provide new insights into the sensory systems that fine-tune iron homeostasis and explain how cellular and systemic iron fluxes intersect. (nature.com)

Under various iron conditions, IRPs could bind to IREs in the targeted mRNA, stabilize the mRNA or prevent its translation. (nature.com)
IRPs bind to IREs when iron levels are depleted, resulting in either 1) inhibition of translation of ferritin mRNA and other transcripts that contain an IRE in the 5′-untranslated regions (UTR) or 2) stabilization of the transferrin receptor mRNA and possibly other transcripts that contain IREs in the 3′ UTR. (nih.gov)

During iron sufficiency, SreA represses iron uptake, including reductive iron assimilation and siderophore-mediated iron uptake, to avoid toxic effects. (frontiersin.org)
Since iron is required for a number of diverse cellular functions, a constant balance between iron uptake, transport, storage, and utilization is required to maintain iron homeostasis. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
Ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) uptake transporter of 347 aas and 9 TMSs. (tcdb.org)
1995) The Menkes/Wilson disease gene homologue in yeast provides copper to a ceruloplasmin-like oxidase required for iron uptake. (prelekara.sk)
2002) The siderophore iron transporter of Candida albicans (Sit1p/Arn1p) mediates uptake of ferrichrome-type siderophores and is required for epithelial invasion. (prelekara.sk)

Impaired iron export from macro-phages in patients with mutations in the FPN1 gene has been proposed as the explanation for the accumulation of iron that occurs in organs containing abundant macro-phages such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)

A regulator of neuronal copper homeostasis. (benthamscience.com)

The study by Vanoaica, et al (2010) is unique in its recognition that Ferritin-H is ESSENTIAL for "accurate control" of Iron. (gotmag.org)
It's a form of Ferritin that has Ferroxidase enzyme function, which is ESSENTIAL for proper Iron egress & circulation… (They've KNOWN this since 1968! (gotmag.org)
In previous years, our laboratory identified and characterized the cis and trans elements mediating iron-dependent alterations in the abundance of ferritin and the transferrin receptor. (nih.gov)
The majority of iron is intracellular, bound within the iron storage proteins (ferritin and haemosiderin) or associated with proteins in the form of haem. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
2008) the hyphal-associated adhesin and invasin Als3 of Candida albicans mediates iron acquisition from host ferritin. (prelekara.sk)

11. HuCJ, BaiC, ZhengXD, WangYM, WangY (2002) Characterization and functional analysis of the siderophore-iron transporter CaArn1p in Candida albicans. (prelekara.sk)

Redox Biology explores the cellular and physiological functions of biological molecules having distinctive chemical reactivity and redox properties, in particular oxygen and derived reduced species (hydrogen peroxide or H 2 O 2 , the superoxide anion or O 2 - ), iron and other biological redox metals, and the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine, with its S-methyl thioether side chain, and cysteine with its thiol (-SH) side chains. (paris-saclay.fr)
Our team has pioneered the field of redox biology, and is internationally recognized for its expertise in reactions involving the reversible oxidation of cysteine residues, iron, and the signaling by H 2 O 2 . (paris-saclay.fr)

While the treatment of anaemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with HF have failed to show a benefit in terms of morbidity and mortality, treatment with IV iron in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency is associated with clinical improvement. (revistanefrologia.com)
Recycling of iron provides the amount of iron required for erythropoiesis (30 mg/day). (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
This internal turnover of iron is essential to meet the requirements for erythropoiesis. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
Erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys increases in response to blood loss to stimulate erythropoiesis by the bone marrow (Hillman, 1995) and the iron supply to the red cell production usually reflects the severity of the anaemia (Jain, 1993). (scialert.net)
The differential diagnosis of iron accumulation in macrophages also includes the anemia of inﬂammation, in which anemia is associated with inappropriate retention of iron in macrophages and hepatocytes despite iron-restricted erythropoiesis. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)

Metals such as iron, copper, and zinc are essential nutrients for all organisms and play important roles in many biochemical processes. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result of the toxicity of free iron and its low solubility in the presence of oxygen and neutral pH conditions, organisms have been forced to develop proteins (e.g., transferrin) that are able to bind Fe3+ and maintain its stable form but, simultaneously, make it available for biological processes. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)

Our findings thus demonstrate that mNT uses an iron-based redox switch mechanism to regulate the transfer of its cluster. (nih.gov)

ISCU encodes a component of the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster scaffold responsible for the synthesis and maturation of [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters. (wikipedia.org)
We study mammalian iron sulfur cluster biogenesis, which involves a complex interplay of biogenesis factors and factors that specify recipient proteins. (nih.gov)

Traumatic injury to the immature brain: inflammation, oxidative injury, and iron-mediated damage as potential therapeutic targets. (benthamscience.com)
Iron exists in two steady oxidative states: ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+). (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
Ferroptosis, a new modality of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation and oxidative membrane damage. (ijbs.com)

Recently, mNT has been implicated in cytosolic Fe-S repair of a key regulator of cellular iron homeostasis. (nih.gov)

80% of the Iron in your body is found in Hemoglobin & Myoglobin, which is in constant circulation. (gotmag.org)
The most abundant mammalian haemproteins, haemoglobin and myoglobin, serve as oxygen carriers in the erythroid tissue and in the muscle, respectively. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)

Iron is the second most abundant metal and the fourth most abundant element of the earth's crust. (mdpi.com)
Iron is one of the most abundant metals on Earth, as well as being an essential nutrient. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)

The control over access to iron is one of the central battlefields during infection as pathogens have to "steal" the iron from the host. (frontiersin.org)

As a constituent of hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen transport and significant iron deficiency leads to anemia. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Although iron deficiency leads to various biochemical disorders, iron excess is potentially toxic as it can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Fenton reactions. (mdpi.com)

Eukaryotic cells require iron for survival and proliferation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
All of the virulence-associated genes are transcriptionally upregulated during iron starvation and encode functions that are important for survival during iron starvation, which emphasizes the crucial role of adaptation to iron starvation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)

14. WeissmanZ, KornitzerD (2004) A family of Candida cell surface haem-binding proteins involved in haemin and haemoglobin-iron utilization. (prelekara.sk)

Despite its high abundance in the Earth's crust, the bioavailability of iron is low owing to its oxidation into sparingly soluble ferric (Fe 3+ ) hydroxides by atmospheric oxygen. (frontiersin.org)
PCSK9 is a soluble member of the mammalian proprotein convertase family of serine proteases (1), which is synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver (1). (infectionlab.it)
Absorption of dietary non-haem iron involves the release of elemental iron from digested food and its maintenance in a soluble form, which is accomplished in part by gastric acid. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)

Elucidation of iron homeostasis in Acanthamoeba castellanii. (cuni.cz)

Regular and sufficient intake of iron through diet is critical for efficient hemoglobin synthesis in the mammals. (mdpi.com)

A tug of war for iron between the host and microbe, for which the term "nutritional immunity" has been coined, is a central mechanism deciding on the fate of an infection. (tugraz.at)
3. CassatJE, SkaarEP (2013) Iron in infection and immunity. (prelekara.sk)

To maximize intestinal iron absorption in cGKI -/- mice hepcidin mRNA levels are down regulated in the liver. (biomedcentral.com)
Nutritional iron deficiency arises when physiological requirements cannot be met by iron absorption from the diet. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
The absorption of non-haem iron is increased by meat and ascorbic acid, but inhibited by phytates, polyphenols, and calcium. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
Another important function of vitamin C is to aid absorption of iron from the food in the body. (curejoyinc.com)
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is found to enhance iron absorption. (curejoyinc.com)
Absorption is strongly affected by nutritional status, with higher absorption of lead in children who are iron deficient. (cdc.gov)

These data indicate that anemia and splengomegaly in cGKI-/- and cGKI rescue mice is caused by iron deficiency anemia due to intestinal blood loss and can be rescued by treatment with esomeprazol. (biomedcentral.com)
Raquel Ojeda López a , José María Portolés Pérez d , e , en representación del Grupo de Anemia de la S.E.N. (revistanefrologia.com)
La enfermedad renal crónica y la anemia son frecuentes en la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y su presencia se asocia con un peor pronóstico en estos pacientes. (revistanefrologia.com)
La ferropenia es frecuente en pacientes con IC y aumenta el riesgo de morbimortalidad, independientemente de la presencia o no de anemia. (revistanefrologia.com)
Mientras el tratamiento de la anemia con agentes estimuladores de la eritropoyesis en pacientes con IC no ha demostrado un beneficio sobre la morbimortalidad, el tratamiento con hierro intravenoso (iv) en pacientes con IC y fracción de eyección disminuida y déficit de hierro se asocia con una mejoría clínica. (revistanefrologia.com)
We aimed to study iron homeostasis and inflammation evolution in patients with mild anemia in relation to cART. (infectionlab.it)
Algarín C, Nelson CA, Peirano P, Westerlund A, Reyes S, Lozoff B (2013) Iron-deficiency anemia in infancy and poorer cognitive inhibitory control at age 10 years. (vitamindwiki.com)
In mouse models, loss of IRP2 results in mild anemia, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and adult-onset neurodegeneration-all likely the result of functional iron deficiency. (nih.gov)
Defective iron sulfur biogenesis causes several diseases, including Friedreich ataxia, and four new diseases that our group helped to discover and characterize, including ISCU myopathy, sideroblastic anemia from GLRX5 deficiency, and lactic acidosis caused by mutations in NFU1 and BOLA3. (nih.gov)
IRP2 −/− animals develop iron-insufficiency anemia and erythropoietic protoporphyria. (nih.gov)
Iron deficiency can lead to anemia and associated health complications like heart and lung diseases. (curejoyinc.com)

Mammalian Genome 33, 590-605 (2022). (cuni.cz)

We previously showed that decreased IRP2 levels were observed in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-treated dopaminergic cells [ 25 ], supporting the physiological role of IRP2 in the control of iron balance. (nature.com)

Iron is an essential nutrient element required in cellular biosynthetic and metabolic processes [ 15 ]. (nature.com)
Iron is an essential but, in excess, toxic nutrient. (frontiersin.org)
Iron is an essential nutrient for all eukaryotes and nearly all prokaryotes ( Kaplan and Kaplan, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
6. RamananN, WangY (2000) A high-affinity iron permease essential for Candida albicans virulence. (prelekara.sk)

Identified candidates are being tested in corresponding mammalian diseases models (already available or under development) in close collaboration with Prof Felix Distelmeir at the pediatric clinic of the UKD. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and iron chelators in depressive illness and neurodegenerative diseases. (benthamscience.com)

The goat is extensively used as a mammalian research model in various disciplines, particularly in physiological studies. (scialert.net)

In humans, iron imbalance constitutes a major global health burden, as both deficiency (mainly nutritional) and overload (genetically encoded) disorders are prevalent in distinct geographical and genetic backgrounds. (mdpi.com)

Iron is exported into the circulation, where it binds to transferrin, which is able to bind iron tightly but reversibly, and is transported to sites of use and storage. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)
Later, iron is released and bound by transferrin, which transports iron to the bone marrow. (vitaminexpert.co.uk)

Iron is nessisary for all mammalian cells but is also toxic in excess. (wikipathways.org)
Nevertheless, iron excess has the potential to catalyze the formation of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species ( Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1984 ). (frontiersin.org)
The radiological ﬁndings indicated the presence of excess iron in bone marrow and spleen. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)

Ferroptosis is a newly recognized form of cell death that is characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation. (duke.edu)
Ferrstatin-1, a synthetic antioxidative ferroptosis inhibitor, rescued iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis caused by inhibition of mitophagy. (ijbs.com)

Deficiency in HapX, but not SreA, attenuates virulence of A. fumigatus in a murine model of aspergillosis, which underlines the crucial role of adaptation to iron limitation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
This review summarizes the current knowledge on iron homeostasis and its role in virulence in Aspergillus spp. (frontiersin.org)

OTUD3 knockout mice display nigral iron accumulation, motor deficits, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration, which resembles the pathology of PD. (nature.com)
The storage of iron or copper can prevent their harmful accumulation in cells. (biomedcentral.com)
3,8,10,11 Deletion of this amino acid causes loss of function and when studied in vitro causes accumulation of iron in cultured cells. (intrinsiclifesciences.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms11

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Metabolism40

Mechanisms9

Regulation7

Mitochondria5

Ferroportin7

Heme7

Mitochondrial5

Maintains cellular homeostasis1

IRP16

Pathways3

Pathway2

Protein10

Systemic iron1

IREs2

Uptake5

Patients with mutations1

Copper homeostasis1

Ferritin5

Characterization1

Cysteine2

Erythropoiesis5

Organisms2

Regulate1

Cluster2

Oxidative3

Cellular iron1

Myoglobin2

Abundant2

Pathogens1

Deficiency leads2

Survival2

Proteins involved1

Soluble3

Elucidation1

Hemoglobin synthesis1

Immunity2

Absorption6

Anemia11

20221

Control1

Essential4

Diseases2

Physiological1

Humans1

Transferrin2

Excess3

Ferroptosis2

Virulence2

Accumulation3