• Experiments with Xenopus embryos showed that overexpression of BMP1 and TLL1 can be used to counteract chordin's dorsalization functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The frog Xenopus laevis has been an important model of vertebrate cell biology and development for many decades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we investigate the dynamics of histone H3 variants in the reprogramming of mammalian nuclei transplanted to Xenopus oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This association between histone H3.3 and the HIRA deposition pathway has been further demonstrated to play a critical role during a major change in gene expression at gastrulation in Xenopus [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Vivo Assessment of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity Using Xenopus Embryos. (xenbase.org)
  • a) Expression patterns of otx2, otx5, lim1 and gsc in Xenopus gastrula embryos. (xenbase.org)
  • Loss of function analysis using Xenopus tropicalis embryos (A) Sequence alignment of MOs and mRNAs. (xenbase.org)
  • Most findings on liver specification were derived from mouse explant studies as well as experiments with Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. (xenbase.org)
  • To address some of the limitations of these models, here we used two complementary ex vivo models based on Xenopus embryos: pluripotent animal cap explants expressing Gata4 transcription factor and conjugates of gastrula -stage AE with animal caps (AC). (xenbase.org)
  • Together, these results suggest that xCyp26c plays a specific role in anterior-posterior (A-P) neural patterning of Xenopus embryos. (molcells.org)
  • lilli zygotic mutant embryos exhibit a partially ventralized phenotype similar to dpp embryonic lethal mutations (Su, 2001). (sdbonline.org)
  • Terminal development is disrupted in the dri maternal and zygotic mutant embryos. (sdbonline.org)
  • Both head and tail defects are invariably observed in dri maternal and zygotic mutant embryos. (sdbonline.org)
  • The most consistent effect on expression of the segmentation genes in the dri maternal and zygotic mutant embryos is a disruption to the expression of even-skipped ( eve ) stripe 4, observed in nearly all embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic dri product. (sdbonline.org)
  • But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) present an exciting alternative for modeling early human embryogenesis due to their well-established ability to differentiate into all embryonic germ layers. (stanford.edu)
  • Furthermore, we conduct a cross-species prediction of cardiomyocyte subtypes from in vitro-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells and unexpectedly uncover a predominance of left ventricular (LV) identity that we confirmed by an LV-specific TBX5 lineage tracing system. (stanford.edu)
  • Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
  • Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
  • Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
  • We have used RT-PCR to screen pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells to identify receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) potentially involved in the determination or differentiation of cell lineages during early mouse development. (silverchair.com)
  • Currently, 17 murine and human KLFs are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue and organ pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • Davor Solter and Takashi Hiiragi of the Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology in Freiburg dispute these results, arguing that in the early embryo (prior to compaction and differentiation into inner cell mass and trophoblast) external factors determine the fate of each cell, rather than an internal polarity. (tbfdev.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • 1 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (jci.org)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. (amegroups.org)
  • The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • Together, our work provides the scientific community with a powerful new genetic lineage tracing approach as well as a single cell transcriptomic atlas of hiPSCs undergoing cardiac differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • A coordinated tempo-spatial expression of transcription factors is required for cell type specification and the differentiation of the three germ layers into distinct organ systems during bilaterian ontogeny [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings may have implications for research on liver differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
  • CFC1 inhibited Activin A-induced NB cell differentiation and Smad2 phosphorylation in NB cell lines, indicating its involvement in tumorigenesis related to EGF-CFC co-receptor family molecule pathways. (oncotarget.com)
  • Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that exhibit the properties of self-renewal, differentiation into various tumor cell types, tumorigenicity, and chemo/irradiation resistance [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • This early process includes occurrence of neural precursor cells, pattern formation of the nervous system, and proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells. (justia.com)
  • Single-cell multi-omics are powerful tools in understanding cell subsets/phenotypes. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we examine the roles of the mammalian Rpl22 , finding that Rpl22 −/− mice have only subtle phenotypes with no significant translation defects. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Phenotypes of normal embryos (control morphants) and head-reduced embryos (lim1/otx2/otx5/gsc morphants) are shown. (xenbase.org)
  • Germline and zygotic dri mutant embryos still have a recognizable dorsal bridge, dorsal and ventral arms and mouth hooks, but the H-piece and lateralgraten are missing or severely malformed. (sdbonline.org)
  • Right panels show immunostaining of head organizer cocktail-injected embryos against notochord by MZ15 (dorsal view of the same embryo as shown in the left panel) and somites by 12/101 (lateral view), respectively. (xenbase.org)
  • c) Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, cloning. (iaszoology.com)
  • Expression analysis of several Hox genes in human embryos. (cnr.it)
  • The efficacy of this method was demonstrated for several types of gene editing, including inactivation of two low-expression genes (CrTET1 and CrKU80), the introduction of a FLAG-HA epitope tag into VIPP1, IFT46, CrTET1 and CrKU80 genes, and placing a YFP tag into VIPP1 and IFT46 for live-cell imaging. (bvsalud.org)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • To test the basis for defects in patterning, genes required for segment formation in the Drosophila embryo were examined. (sdbonline.org)
  • the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped, hairy and runt , and the segment polarity genes wingless and engrailed were examined in embryos lacking germline and zygotic dri function. (sdbonline.org)
  • Co-expression of these genes in X. tropicalis early gastrula embryos was shown with in situ hybridization using hemisections. (xenbase.org)
  • In particular, the present invention provides neurogenesis inducing genes coding for Zic proteins, vectors containing such genes, host cells containing such vectors, proteins produced by such host cells, antibodies raised to such proteins, and therapeutic agents or agents for gene therapy for nervous diseases. (justia.com)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • and (3) evidence of developmental dynamism relating to ability to progress, in a structurally organized manner, through morphologically characterized developmental milestones of the early post-implantation human embryo following initial aggregate formation 3 . (nature.com)
  • When assessing the entire 3D vascular tree of the kidney, isolated endothelial cells were never observed at any developmental age. (bsdb.org)
  • The differential regulation of aos and btd domains by dri occurs at a time when Dri is found in all somatic nuclei of the embryo, so that Dri must be acting to permit the proper function of other developmental regulatory factors. (sdbonline.org)
  • However, all developmental processes originate from pluripotent precursor cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)
  • To demonstrate the power of devCellPy, we construct a murine cardiac developmental atlas from published datasets encompassing 104,199 cells from E6.5-E16.5 and train devCellPy to generate a cardiac prediction algorithm. (stanford.edu)
  • The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
  • 1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ,UK. (silverchair.com)
  • An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
  • Implantation of the human embryo leads to a number of changes in organization that are essential for gastrulation and future development 1 . (nature.com)
  • Dissection of Otx2 roles during gastrulation: requirement of Otx2 in the visceral endoderm for specification of anterior identity, and in the early neuroectoderm for maintenance of the anterior identity (forebrain and midbrain). (cnr.it)
  • During gastrulation, a hollow cluster of cells called a blastula reorganizes into two primary germ layers: an inner layer, called endoderm, and an outer layer, called ectoderm. (asu.edu)
  • These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (nature.com)
  • During gastrulation anterior endoderm (AE) provides cardiogenic signals that act on adjacent mesoderm , resulting in induction of cardiac precursors. (xenbase.org)
  • Induction of three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and axis formation including the dorsoventral and anteroposterior posterior regions are major events during vertebrate embryo development. (molcells.org)
  • In insect, Drosophila melanogaster ryanodine receptor ( DmRyR ) cDNA was cloned from lava and the physical features of DmRyR single channel were characterized with in vitro overexpression system [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But he also believes that embryos produced outside of a woman's body, whether by cloning or in vitro fertilization, are not human beings unless or until they are implanted in a uterus. (tbfdev.com)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • According to Neaves, not until the embryo receives external, maternal signals at implantation is it able to establish the basic body plan of the human, and only then does it become a self-directing human organism. (tbfdev.com)
  • Much of the early patterning of the embryo is orchestrated during gastrulation by signals from a midline structure, known as the primitive streak in chick and mouse embryos. (silverchair.com)
  • The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)
  • The formation of longitudinal axon tracts in the CNS is complex and requires a myriad of molecular signals and specialized cell types, such as intermediate target and guidepost cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. (amegroups.org)
  • In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)
  • We first test the capacity of an I-SceI transgenesis system to drive ubiquitous or regionalized gene expression, and to label specific cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • Methods: The gene expression profiling of adherent (control) and sphere-forming primary NB cells was conducted using a gene expression microarray. (oncotarget.com)
  • A germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues. (asu.edu)
  • The germ layers develop early in embryonic life, through the process of gastrulation. (asu.edu)
  • With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells. (asu.edu)
  • The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
  • Genomes from elongated spermatids exhibited an intermediate level of DNA methylation, between those of round spermatids and mature spermatozoa, suggesting that the male germ cell acquires the ability to maintain its undermethylated state in the paternal zygotic genome during this phase of spermiogenesis. (shengsci.com)
  • Tudor-related proteins TDRD1/MTR-1, TDRD6 and TDRD7/TRAP: domain composition, intracellular localization, and function in male germ cells in mice. (shengsci.com)
  • The germ-line cells of many animals possess a characteristic cytoplasmic structure termed nuage or germinal granules. (shengsci.com)
  • In mice, nuage that is prominent in postnatal male germ cells is also called intermitochondrial cement or chromatoid bodies. (shengsci.com)
  • Isolation and expression analysis both in invertebrate and vertebrate embryos of a new homeobox containing gene named Orthopedia (Otp). (cnr.it)
  • Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Although it is possible to culture structures derived from human blastocysts ex vivo, these cultures do not recapitulate the events and structural organization of the in vivo embryos 6 ( Supplementary Information ). (nature.com)
  • While these populations have been extensively studied in non-human model systems, their identification and study in vivo human tissues have been limited due to the ethical and technical limitations of accessing gastrulation stage human embryos. (stanford.edu)
  • Recently, we developed a hematopoietic stem cell-based approach to tackle this issue, in which we can genetically alter nucleated hematopoietic precursor cells and differentiate them ex-vivo to mature erythrocytes that can be infected by P. falciparum. (stanford.edu)
  • Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
  • This allows explanted cells to survive in simple salt solutions for several days and enables study of isolated embryonic tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once the wound is healed, the cells of the stump must mobilise under the wound epidermis and begin the process of replacing lost tissues, by forming a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
  • Temporal map during gastrulation of the retinoic acid effect on development and patterning of murine brain. (cnr.it)
  • Differential dosage-dependent roles of OTX2 in specifying regional identities and neuronal cell types during brain development. (cnr.it)
  • Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • Myogenesis is the formation of muscle that occurs throughout an animal's development, from embryo to the end of life. (asu.edu)
  • This SEM platform will probably enable the experimental investigation of previously inaccessible windows of human early post implantation up to peri-gastrulation development. (nature.com)
  • The role of ESRRs during animal development may also be linked to metabolic regulation by which developing embryos meet their high energy demand for growth. (nature.com)
  • At late gastrulation, DmFKBP12 expression begins to decline until it reaches homeostasis, which it then maintains throughout the rest of development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA damage arising in Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway which in turn promotes the enhanced self-renewal and development of CH. Notably, both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of STING suppresses Tet2 mutation-induced aberrant hematopoiesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • First, the embryos are fertilized outside the mother and are thus accessible for study at the earliest stages of development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, following gastrulation, dri expression becomes exquisitely tissue and stage specific (Gregory, 1996), raising the possibility that it may specify spatial-specific expression at later stages of development. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • During mammalian development, the left and right ventricles arise from early populations of cardiac progenitors known as the first and second heart fields, respectively. (stanford.edu)
  • These data provide insight into epigenetic errors that may be associated with the poor development of embryos generated from immature spermatozoa. (shengsci.com)
  • In studies initially focused on roles of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) in the developing mouse epidermis, we have discovered that a previously described cytokeratin 5 (K5)-Cre gene construct is expressed in early embryo development. (shengsci.com)
  • The Transcription Factor NF-κB in Stem Cells and Development. (xenbase.org)
  • This embryo emphasis turned developing somitomeres in the multipotent and indirect session of their challenges and first elongated eleven vieles by circulating the own measurement of team to hear their epithelial government to represent nervous development plate and structure embryo has during the Olympics. (need4speed.com)
  • No Pax2/5/8 expression was observed in the less centralized CNS of bivalve, polyplacophoran, and gastropod embryos, thus arguing for a loss of Pax2/5/8 involvement in CNS development in these lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pax2/5/8 -expressing cells are present in regions where the future sensory cells such as the polyplacophoran esthetes are situated and hence Pax2/5/8 expression probably predates sensory cell development during ontogeny. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, these data dissect MSN pathway development and reveal (non)cell-autonomous roles for Frizzled3 in MSN axon guidance. (jneurosci.org)
  • Further, they are the first to identify a gene that provides anterior-posterior axon guidance in a large brain nucleus and link Frizzled3 to corridor cell development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Further, our results link Frizzled3 to corridor guidepost cell development and suggest that an abnormal distribution of these cells has unexpected, widespread effects on the development of different axon tracts (i.e., striatal and thalamocortical axons). (jneurosci.org)
  • CFC1, which functions in the development of embryos and decides the left-right axis, was strongly expressed in sphere-forming cells only and was related to the unfavorable prognosis of NB patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • This evidence suggests a patterning role of chordin during the early embryo stages. (wikipedia.org)
  • DmFKBP12 is first expressed at the syncytial blastoderm stage and undergoes increased expression during the cellular blastoderm and early gastrulation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As Hans-Werner Denker observes, it was once assumed that in mammals, in contrast to amphibians and birds, polarity in the early embryo depends upon some external signal, since no clear indications of bilateral symmetry had been found in oocytes, zygotes, or early blastocysts. (tbfdev.com)
  • As Gretchen Vogel reported in 2005 in Science magazine, embryologists are "polarized over early cell fate determination. (tbfdev.com)
  • Zebrafish runx1 is expressed in hematopoietic and neuronal cells during early embryogenesis. (biologists.com)
  • This study demonstrates that the incorporation of histone H3.3 is an early and necessary step in the direct reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei by oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Keratin 5-Cre-driven excision of nonmuscle myosin IIA in early embryo trophectoderm leads to placenta defects and embryonic lethality. (shengsci.com)
  • We found that the xCyp26c gene, encoding a retinoic acid (RA) degradation enzyme, was upregulated following inhibition of BMP signaling in early neuroectodermal cells. (molcells.org)
  • To further elucidate the role of RUNX1 in hematopoiesis, we cloned the zebrafish ortholog ( runx1 ) and analyzed its function using this model system. (biologists.com)
  • Isolation and expression analysis in murine embryos of Dlx5 and Dlx6, two murine homologues of the Drosophila Distal-less gene. (cnr.it)
  • Further study on the differences between mammalian RyR-FKBP12 and Drosophila DmRyR-FKBP12 can be exploited to develop safe pesticides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, STING inhibition specifically attenuates the proliferation of leukemia cells from TET2-mutated individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Epimorphic regeneration can be thought of as occurring in two phases: wound healing and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TPX2 regulated by miR-29c-3p induces cell proliferation in osteosarcoma via the AKT signaling pathway. (xenbase.org)
  • Sphere formation, cell proliferation, colony formation in soft agar, and xenograft tumor formation were analyzed. (oncotarget.com)
  • By late gastrulation, DmFKBP12 is no longer identified in the yolk or lumen of duct structures and has relocated to the future brain (suboesophageal and supraesophageal ganglions), ventral nervous system, and muscular system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fourth, each cell of the developing frog embryo contains yolk platelets that provide nutrition during prefeeding stages of embryonic life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the chick embryo it is expressed in the anterior cells of Koller's sickle, which form the anterior cells of the primitive streak, a key structure through which gastrulation occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acquisition of limb-forming ability by discrete regions of the lateral plate of the chick embryo is thought to depend on a signaling cascade moving sequentially from the area of Hensen's node to the somitic mesoderm, the intermediate mesoderm, and then to the prospective limb-forming regions of the lateral plate (Step. (shengsci.com)
  • Embryos lacking maternal lilli expression show specific defects in the establishment of a functional cytoskeleton during cellularization, and exhibit a pair-rule segmentation phenotype. (sdbonline.org)
  • He claims that at implantation maternal signaling factors transform a bundle of cells into a human organism. (tbfdev.com)
  • Moreover - and more importantly - even if it is the case that polarity does not emerge until a maternal signal is received at implantation, that would not provide any evidence at all that such a signal transformed a bundle of cells into a unitary, multicellular human organism. (tbfdev.com)
  • Lilli plays a partially redundant function downstream of Raf in cell fate specification in the developing eye. (sdbonline.org)
  • Role of Otx2 in Epiblast Stem Cells (EpiSCs): Otx2 stabilizes the primed EpiSC state by suppressing mesendoderm into neural fate switch in cooperation with BMP4 and Fgf2. (cnr.it)
  • It suggests that the incorporation of histone H3.3 is necessary during global changes in transcription that accompany changes in cell fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A) RT-PCR showing expression of cardiac fate marker myl7 , liver fate marker nr1h5 and control marker odc1 in Gata4 mRNA-injected ACs , control ACs and stage 33 sibling control embryo . (xenbase.org)
  • Molecular mechanism controlling the expression of the HOX Complex gene family in human teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1). (cnr.it)
  • Since the first report of molecular cloning of the KLF family gene, the number of KLFs has increased rapidly. (mdpi.com)
  • We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)
  • Cell) books are molecular residing phrases and are useful from divide highlights under house. (cutechabeads.com)
  • Structures of mammalian GLD-2 proteins reveal molecular basis of their functional diversity in mRNA and microRNA processing. (xenbase.org)
  • Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
  • Transient expression of runx1 in cloche embryos resulted in partial rescue of the hematopoietic defect. (biologists.com)
  • As a postdoc in Manoj Duraisingh's lab at Harvard School of Public Health she performed a genetic screen to identify critical host factors for Plasmodium falciparum malaria using red blood cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • The mudpuppy is an aquatic salamander commonly used by embryologists because its large embryonic cells and nuclei are easy to see. (asu.edu)
  • While those observed in eggs may well be related to DNA synthesis and cell replication coupled events during the cell cycle, those that take place in somatic nuclei transplanted to oocytes which do not replicate DNA and are arrested in prophase I of meiosis are associated essentially with new transcription and are independent of cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sagittal section and whole mount in situ hybridization of the telencephalon marker (eomes) and the midbrain-hindbrain boundary marker (en2) showed that forebrain, midbrain and foregut were shrunk in head-reduced embryos. (xenbase.org)
  • Depletion of xCyp26c by morpholino-oligonucleotides suppressed the normal formation of the axis and head, indicating that xCyp26c plays a critical role in the specification of anterior neural tissue in whole embryos. (molcells.org)
  • Here, we determine the embryonic ontogeny of the two main striatal pathways (striatonigral and striatopallidal) and identify novel (non)cell-autonomous roles for the axon guidance receptor Frizzled3 in uncharacterized aspects of striatal pathway formation (i.e., anterior-posterior axon guidance in the striatum and axon entry into the globus pallidus). (jneurosci.org)
  • While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
  • The French flag model represents how embryonic cells receive and respond to genetic information and subsequently differentiate into patterns. (asu.edu)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
  • When BMP4 is activated, cells differentiate into the epidermis. (justia.com)
  • Chordin dorsalizes the developing embryo by binding ventralizing TGFβ proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) through its four cytosine rich regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike yeast, most mammalian ribosomal proteins are thought to be encoded by a single gene copy, raising the possibility that heterogenous populations of ribosomes are unique to yeast. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Ribosome synthesis is a highly controlled process, whereby three distinct RNA polymerases are synchronously coordinated to produce equimolar amounts of four rRNAs and 79 mammalian ribosomal proteins (RPs) [1] - [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Chordin blocks BMP signaling by preventing BMP from interacting with cell surface receptors, which inhibits the formation of epidermis and promoting the formation of neural tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • In modern science, epithelium is a type of animal tissue in which cells are packed into neatly arranged sheets. (asu.edu)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)
  • International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
  • More recently, William Neaves, president of the Stowers Institute for Medical Research in Kansas City, has similarly claimed in public hearings that the embryo does not become a human being until implantation. (tbfdev.com)
  • Here we extend those findings to humans using only genetically unmodified human naive embryonic stem cells (cultured in human enhanced naive stem cell medium conditions) 4 . (nature.com)
  • The knockdown and overexpression of CFC1 were performed using a lentiviral system in NB cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
  • Results: The overexpression of CFC1 increased sphere formation, cell growth, and colony formation. (oncotarget.com)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • Tailbud embryos were shown in lateral views. (xenbase.org)
  • Blood vessels can form through angiogenesis (branching of new vessels from pre-existing ones) and/or vasculogenesis (assembly of new vessels from the coalescence of endothelial precursor cells). (bsdb.org)
  • Males mutant for retn court with normal parameters, although feminization of retn cells in males induces bisexuality. (sdbonline.org)
  • BMP4 is a factor which induces the ectoderm into epidermal cells. (justia.com)
  • Western blotting was performed using lysates from X. laevis embryos, which were first injected with MO (5 pmol/embryo), followed by a second injection of lim1, otx2 or HA-tagged otx5 mRNA (200 pg/embryo) to avoid interactions between MO and mRNA prior to injection. (xenbase.org)
  • A major informatic challenge in single cell RNA-sequencing analysis is the precise annotation of datasets where cells exhibit complex multilayered identities or transitory states. (stanford.edu)
  • Cells are of the ampullary sensory cell type, exhibit serotonin-like and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity and are innervated by the cerebral commissure [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beside PGC1a/b, ESRRa has been shown to potentiate a metabolic syndrome by acting downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 7 and also promotes hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a) from degradation 8 . (nature.com)
  • Denker refers specifically to the work of Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz and her colleagues at Cambridge and that of R. L. Gardner at Oxford, which shows that polarity exists even at the two-cell stage. (tbfdev.com)
  • It is no longer taken as certain that the bilateral polarity of the embryo does not occur in the very first cleavages. (tbfdev.com)
  • Initial functions of chordin were thought to include recruitment of neighboring cells to assist in the forming of the axis along with mediating cell interactions for organization of tail, head, and body regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • lilli functions as a maternally provided pair-rule gene that is essential for proper cellularization, gastrulation and segmentation during embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Carrel's ideas about cellular immortality convinced his many contemporaries that cells could be maintained indefinitely. (asu.edu)
  • After transformation, VACV-hijacked RhoA signaling significantly alters cellular morphology and rearranges the actin cytoskeleton involving the depolymerization of robust actin stress fibers, leading-edge protrusion formation, and the rear-edge recontraction, which coordinates VACV-induced cell migration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, our results show devCellPy to be a useful tool for automated cell prediction across complex cellular hierarchies, species, and experimental systems. (stanford.edu)
  • cell to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, Paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging. (iaszoology.com)
  • Created by Lewis Wolpert in the late 1960s, the model uses the French tricolor flag as visual representation to explain how embryonic cells can interpret genetic code to create the same pattern even when certain pieces of the embryo are removed. (asu.edu)
  • Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) generate two daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates through epigenetic mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Population genetic studies dating back to the mid-20th century first proposed that erythrocytes (red blood cells), the host cell for P. falciparum, have been under natural selection due to malaria. (stanford.edu)
  • Although the notion that malaria has helped shape the human genome is well- accepted, the lack of a nucleus in human erythrocytes has hindered our ability to study genetic interactions between these unusual host cells and P. falciparum parasites. (stanford.edu)