Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2B1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The h subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) boosts translation reinitiation on the uORF-containing mRNA coding for the Arabidopsis bZip transcription factor, AtbZip11, among others. (biomedcentral.com)
The RPL24B protein of the large ribosomal subunit, which is encoded by SHORT VALVE1 , likewise fosters translation of uORF-containing mRNAs, for example mRNAs for auxin response transcription factors (ARFs). (biomedcentral.com)
The h subunit of eIF3 is not conserved in budding yeast, but forms part of the functional core of mammalian eIF3 [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
EIF21
EIF2 - (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2) is an eukaryotic initiation factor. (en-academic.com)
Protein9
Under normal cellular conditions, eIF-2{alpha} productively interacts with eIF-2B, giving rise to guanine-nucleotide exchange activity that is essential for protein translation. (en-academic.com)
Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 by Heme-Regulated Inhibitor Kinase-Related Protein Kinases in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Is Important for Resistance to Environmental Stresses. (en-academic.com)
Here we will focus on HMG AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2), a member of the HMGA family that mediates transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1, commonly known as TGFβ1) signaling 16 . (nature.com)
Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
While RNA makes up most of the composition of bacterial and cytosolic eukaryotic ribosomes, mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes present a more elaborate protein shell, which aids coping with the oxidative microenvironment. (nature.com)
Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase first identified in brain and also known as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). (pancreapedia.org)
The PKR is indirectly activated by the dsRNA (actually by 2'-5' oligoadenylate produced by the 2'-5' oligoadenylate-synthetase which is produced due to TLR3 activation), and begins transferring phosphate groups ( phosphorylating ) to a protein known as eIF-2 , a eukaryotic translation initiation factor. (wikidoc.org)
In humans, DR does not reduce growth-promoting insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) unless it is combined with protein restriction (9). (kingdomfasting.com)
Proteins6
However, the order of events and the precise function of high-mobility group proteins during transcription initiation remain unclear. (nature.com)
Although HMG proteins do not possess intrinsic transcriptional activity, they are called architectural transcription factors because they modulate the transcription of their target genes by altering the chromatin structure at the promoter and/or enhancers 15 . (nature.com)
Heterogeneous population of RNA granules serve as motile units to translocate, store, translate, and degrade mRNAs in the dendrites contain cis -elements and trans -acting factors such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs to convey stimulus-, transcript-specific local translation. (frontiersin.org)
Here we present a new approach to incorporate single or multiple post-translational modifications or non-canonical amino acids into soluble and membrane proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
We thus sought to complement these approaches with a method that could incorporate synthetic peptides carrying multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) or ncAAs into both cytosolic and membrane proteins in live eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
These data indicate that the α- and γ-secretase cleavages of the mammalian Vps10p sorting receptors occur in a fashion analogous to other known γ-secretase substrates, and could possibly regulate the biological functions of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations1
Therefore, a high detection rate of mutations in HLRCC families may enable early identification of at-risk individuals and allow early initiation of therapy while their tumors are still small. (biomedcentral.com)
EIF31
Among the eukaryotic translation initiation factors, eIF3 is by far the most complex. (biomedcentral.com)
Ribosome4
Despite recent progress in ribosome-dependent and semi-synthetic chemical modifications, these techniques sometimes have limitations in the number and type of modifications that can be simultaneously introduced or their application in live eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
According to the canonical model of eukaryotic translation, the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA for good as soon as it has terminated translation at a stop codon. (biomedcentral.com)
Once a uORF has been recognized and translated, the ribosome must resume scanning and reacquire its initiation factors in order to recognize the start codon of the main ORF, a process known as reinitiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome is endowed with a number of specific features. (nature.com)
Codon2
Nascent polypeptides bear the N-terminal Met residue, encoded by the AUG initiation codon. (microbialcell.com)
Despite factors in codon, all apoptotic dwarfism genes person three employed cells( CRs) and each is with RAS and MEK synapses, although with pulmonary cyclins. (evakoch.com)
Interacts1
The multiple GPCRs causes a abnormal site repressed plasma whose factor and enzyme interacts on eIF2B service( IFT). (evakoch.com)
Our data support the concept that chromatin opening during transcriptional initiation involves intermediates with DNA breaks that subsequently require DNA repair mechanisms to ensure genome integrity. (nature.com)
In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, chromatin is the physiological template of all DNA-dependent processes including transcription. (nature.com)
Trans -acting splicing factors, pre-mRNA secondary structure and chromatin organization are now known to directly affect alternative splicing decisions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells8
Additionally, insertion of multiple chemical modifications by genetic code expansion remains a challenge, particularly in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
Resected samples showed two thirds tumor tissue necrosis as well as high expression of serine/threonine kinase Akt and low expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which activates anti-oxidant response and protects against oxidative stress in viable cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has boosted the recent emergence of RNA epigenetics, due to its high abundance and a transcriptome-wide widespread distribution in mammalian cells, proven to impact antiviral innate immunity. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we show that treatment with starvation conditions sensitized yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expressing the oncogene-like RAS2val19 to oxidative stress and 15 of 17 mammalian cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents. (kingdomfasting.com)
By contrast, a limited exposure to a severely restricted diet (short-term starvation or fasting) can protect yeast, mammalian cells, mice, and possibly patients from the toxic effects of oxidative and chemotherapeutic agents without causing chronic weight loss (10-14). (kingdomfasting.com)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Translation3
It is required in the initiation of translation. (en-academic.com)
The molecular link between splicing and mRNA localization/local translation has also been demonstrated in mammalian neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Within the scanning model of translation initiation, reinitiation is a non-canonical mechanism that operates on mRNAs harboring upstream open reading frames. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular2
a metabolic energy sensor or cellular fuel gauge), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (biomedcentral.com)
During adult life, tissue homeostasis is supported by direct cellular interactions and by the continuous exchange of soluble and non-soluble factors released by different cellular compartments [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion1
Lumenal ER calcium depletion caused rapid oligomerization of mammalian BiP and a coincidental diminution in substrate binding, pointing to the relative inertness of the oligomers. (elifesciences.org)
Organelles1
In bacteria and in eukaryotic organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts (remote descendants of bacteria), this Met is N α -terminally formylated (Nt-formylated) through a "pretranslational" mechanism. (microbialcell.com)
MRNA1
In addition to the cis -elements in its 3′UTR and trans -acting factor Staufen, posterior localization of oskar mRNA requires deposition of exon junction complex (EJC) in its first exon through splicing ( Hachet and Ephrussi, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
Genome1
While the RNA components of the mitoribosome are mitochondrially-encoded, all MRPs and assembly factors are encoded in the nuclear genome, thus requiring coordination between two genomes for the assembly of these macromolecular complexes. (nature.com)
Amino1
Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Epidermal2
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy is an effective way to inhibit proliferation of many cancer types such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interaction1
Low concentrations of heme activate Heme-Regulated Inhibitor Kinase, which phosphorylates the Serine-51 of eIF-2{alpha}, and makes its interaction with eIF-2B nonproductive(eIF-2{alpha} sequesters eIF-2B). (en-academic.com)
Progression2
Also, DR only retards the progression of specific cancers, possibly because of its relatively small effect on glucose and growth factors (7, 8). (kingdomfasting.com)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Serine1
Calcineurin (Cn) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase first identified in extracts of mammalian brain (68, 94). (pancreapedia.org)
Complexity1
Furthermore, an unfortunate association of factors such as tumor genetic complexity, overestimation of biomarker and drug potentials, as well as a poor understanding of tumor microenvironment in diagnosis and prognosis leads to the current levels of treatment failure regarding a vast majority of cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanism1
Furthermore, we demonstrated the biological relevance of this mechanism of transcriptional initiation within the context of TGFB1 signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nature.com)
Toxic1
We propose (2a) to test anti-ovarian TVM antibodies as diagnostic tools and, (2b) to couple anti-ovarian TVM antibodies with toxic nanoparticles and test them as immunotherapeutics using the ESC ovarian tumor model. (nih.gov)
Glucose1
Cell growth is primarily supported by growth factor-driven glucose and glutamine intake, which form building blocks for biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Trigger2
The dsRNA acts like a trigger for the production of interferon (via Toll Like Receptor 3 ( TLR 3 ) a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system which leads to activation of the transcription factor IRF3 and late phase NF kappa Beta). (wikidoc.org)
Besides CHS, mutation in gene is usually one of the important factors that trigger hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a insufficiency in resistant program function, and life-threatening disease characterized by uncontrolled macrophage and T-cell account activation [14]. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Family1
The mammalian Vps10p sorting receptor family is a group of 5 type I membrane homologs (Sortilin, SorLA, and SorCS1-3). (biomedcentral.com)
Therapy1
Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Site1
This latter finding is likely to preclude the existence of cryptic transcription factor binding site(s) in the 5'-untranslated region of p27 gene. (biomedcentral.com)