• The paralog TMEM39A has also been found to interact with Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) capsid proteins as a regulator of the viral autophagy pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virus isolation and se- recorded, and acute- and convalescent-phase serum sam- rologic studies indicate EMCV is distributed worldwide, ples were obtained for serologic examination and virus iso- but clinical disease in humans or domestic animals is rela- lation in Vero E6 and C6/36 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Although disease transmission is poorly cells was identifi ed as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) by electron microscopy and by subsequent molecular diag- understood, rodents appear to be the natural reservoirs ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of virus in including serum, stool samples, cerebral spinal fl uid, and serum strongly supports a role for EMCV in human infection and febrile illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infects a wide range of hosts and can cause encephalitis, myocarditis, reproductive disorders and diabetes mellitus in selected mammalian species. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the vector allows efficient flow cytometric detection of stably or transiently transfected mammalian cells expressing AcGFP1 and a protein of interest, without time-consuming drug and clonal selection. (biofeng.com)
  • pIRES2-DsRed-Express is designed for the efficient selection by flow cytometry of transiently transfected mammalian cells expressing DsRed-Express and the protein of interest. (gentaur.be)
  • disease transmission apparently results acute-phase serum samples from both case-patients and from close contact between rodents or their excreta and in- identifi ed with cardiovirus-specifi c reverse transcription- dividuals of susceptible mammalian species ( 1,2,4,5,8,9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • genus Theilovirus ), was reported in associa- and in other mammalian species ( 2-8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of prohibited substances and permissible therapeutic drugs in livestock show or competition mammalian and avian species using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. (tamu.edu)
  • Viruses infect all kingdoms of life, and new species are continuously being discovered. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Activation of p38 MAPK (but not of JNK) was demonstrated in mouse fibroblasts in response to infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (ECMV), a picornavirus that replicates through a dsRNA intermediate. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mengovirus is a picornavirus that causes encephalomyocarditis in humans and other animals. (warf.org)
  • pEF1α-IRES-AcGFP1 is a bicistronic mammalian expression vector that allows the simultaneous, constitutive expression of a protein of interest and the green fluorescent protein AcGFP1. (biofeng.com)
  • pEF1α-IRES-AcGFP1 is designed to simultaneously and constitutively express a protein of interest and AcGFP1 in mammalian cells. (biofeng.com)
  • The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) derived from the 5'-nontranslated region of the encephalomyocarditis virus exerts high-efficiency protein translation and is functional in a variety of cell culture systems. (ectrx.org)
  • Expression was not reported, and the purpose of the study was to show that the technique could be used to study gene action during mammalian development. (justia.com)
  • neo and gpt genes were included in some vectors to serve as selectable markers, and the dhfr gene was included in one to achieve gene amplification in mammalian cells. (washington.edu)
  • This cassette consists of the SV40 early promoter (PSV40 e), a Tn5 kanamycin/neomycin resistance gene, and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV TK) polyadenylation signals. (biofeng.com)
  • Detection of the swine influenza virus matrix gene by real time PCR. (tamu.edu)
  • [19] Benchaibi M, Mallet F, Thoraval P, Savatier P, Xiao JH, Verdier G, Samarut J, Nigon V. Avian retroviral vectors derived from avian defective leukemia virus: role of the translational context of the inserted gene on efficiency of the vectors. (org.ua)
  • They rely on their target cell for molecular building blocks, energy sources and host factors to replicate, since viruses are gene poor compared to their host [1]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Serum samples from case-patient 2 did not contain umented by virus isolation from several specimen types, antibodies detectable by either assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection, Peru fection throughout life. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the disease occurred endemically in pig farms since 1997, the recent increase of death experimented in Northern Italy prompted to furtherly investigate the evolution of the virus and the actual spread of the infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies of the mechanism of Qβ infection can increase our general understanding of the single-stranded (+)-RNA viruses, which can be exploited in the pursuit to treat and prevent diseases caused by pathogenic (+)-RNA viruses. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Common for these viruses is that their genomes resemble mRNA and act directly as a template for translation upon infection. (fortunejournals.com)
  • These protein subunits can assemble into virus particles without viral RNA genome in mammalian cells to study virus-cell entry 2 and to develop vaccines 3 . (nature.com)
  • Stable, constitutive expression of the bicistronic transcript is driven by the EF1α promoter (PEF1α), which continues to be constitutively active even after vector integration into the host cell genome (3).The vector backbone also contains an SV40 origin for replication in mammalian cells expressing the SV40 large T antigen, a pUC origin of replication for propagation in E. coli, and an f1 origin for single-stranded DNA production. (biofeng.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Virus particles have a nucleic acid genome and may also carry a few viral proteins, which are enclosed in a capsid of viral proteins or an envelope comprised of a small part of the host cell membrane. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Viruses have been divided into seven groups in the Baltimore classification, which is based on the nature of their genome and the replication hereof [2]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The term papova is derived from the first two letters of the three prototypes, papilloma virus, polyoma virus and simian vacuolating virus-40 (SV40). (biologydiscussion.com)
  • SV40 is similar to polyoma virus in size and structure. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Replication-defective vectors of reticuloendotheliosis virus transduce exogenous genes into somatic stem cells of the unincubated chicken embryo. (org.ua)
  • The HRV proteases (3C and 2A) and the 3D polymerase have very important functions in virus replication cycle and virus-host interactions and are very intensively investigated for their role in develop. (warf.org)
  • General evaluation of samples for virus particles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (tamu.edu)
  • These include, but are not limited to, (1) preventing hyperacute rejection, (2) preventing acute vascular rejection, (3) facilitating immune accommodation, (4) inducing immune tolerance, (5) preventing the transmission of viruses from xenografts into humans, and (6) addressing the ethical issues surrounding animal sources for xenografts and the appropriate selection of recipients (given that xenotransplantation remains experimental). (medscape.com)
  • Equine rhinitis A virus, formerly known as equine rhinovirus 1, causes a respiratory disease in horses similar to the common cold in humans. (warf.org)
  • The other important viruses of this group are JC virus (associated with neurological degeneration), BX virus (which suppresses immune system of humans), K virus of mice, etc. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The single-stranded (+)-RNA viruses comprise the largest group of viruses, which includes pathogens such as Dengue virus, Corona virus and West Nile virus. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The group of (+)-RNA viruses includes a number of pathogenic viruses such as Polio virus, Hepatitis A and C, Dengue virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus [3]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • [6] Katz RA, Terry RW, Skalka AM. A conserved cis-acting sequence in the 5' leader of avian sarcoma virus RNA is required for packaging. (org.ua)
  • [7] Knight JB, Si ZH, Stoltzfus CM. A base-paired structure in the avian sarcoma virus 5' leader is required for efficient encapsidation of RNA. (org.ua)
  • Expression of Rous sarcoma virus-derived retroviral vectors in the avian blastoderm: potential as stable genetic markers. (org.ua)
  • [18] Cosset FL, Legras C, Thomas JL, Molina RM, Chebloune Y, Faure C, Nigon VM, Verdier G. Improvement of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-based retrovirus vectors by using different cis-acting sequences from ALVs. (org.ua)
  • Mammalian cell/vaccinia virus expression vectors with increased stability of retroviral sequences in Escherichia coli: production of feline immunodeficiency virus envelope protein. (washington.edu)
  • These vectors also have the capacity to direct high-yield production of protein in mammalian cells, and the option of incorporation into and expression via a T7 promoter in vaccinia virus. (washington.edu)
  • The utility of these vectors was shown through expression of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Env protein, in conjunction with the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) leader sequence. (washington.edu)
  • [11] Prasolov VS. [Retroviral vectors--an effective system for transfer and expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells]. (org.ua)
  • The SR alpha promoter, encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus untranslated leader sequence, and poly(A) signal sequence serve as a high-yield mammalian cell expression cassette without the requirement for mRNA capping. (washington.edu)
  • Vaccination may be with attenuated or inactivated virus, or with viral proteins produced by genetic engineering techniques. (justia.com)
  • Over one hundred vaccines using varied approaches including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated virus, attenuated virus, and virus like particles (VLPs) platforms are in clinical trials. (nature.com)
  • Measured in an anti-viral assay using HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. (creativebiomart.net)
  • One method of providing virus resistance is by use of vaccines. (justia.com)
  • At present, the control of virus infections is primarily achieved by means of immunization vaccines. (justia.com)
  • Hence, vaccines do not provide a practical solution against the wide array of infectious viruses, even when limited as for example, solely to respiratory viruses. (justia.com)
  • No vaccines against this virus are available commercially a. (warf.org)
  • The (+)-RNA viruses have been used in the development of vaccines, as imaging tools and in virus inactivation studies [4, 5]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Just over hundred years ago, Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper identified a virus, later termed poliovirus, as the causative agent of poliomyelitis. (springer.com)
  • In 1909, Landsteiner and Popper reported the identification of a virus, subsequently called poliovirus (PV), as the causative agent of poliomyelitis [ 20 ]. (springer.com)
  • The molecular biology of RNA tumor virus. (org.ua)
  • Moreover, several strains have been the subject of intensive research and are used as tools in mammalian molecular biology. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The precise function of TMEM39B is not yet well-understood by the scientific community, but differential expression is associated with survival of B cell lymphoma, and knockdown of TMEM39B is associated with decreased autophagy in cells infected with the Sindbis virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES . (lookformedical.com)
  • Heretofore, only a limited number of virus infections such as smallpox, Asian influenza and herpes keratistis have been susceptible to prevention by chemical antiviral agents. (justia.com)
  • Papovaviruses are one of the four important dsDNA viruses (e.g. papovaviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses) which produce tumour in many animals. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Virus-like particles (VLPs) enable the construction of promising platforms in the field of vaccine development. (nature.com)
  • La Crosse virus is an etiologic agent for childhood encephalitis in North America. (warf.org)
  • Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulates in virus-infected mammalian cells and signals the activation of host defense pathways of the interferon system. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Further, VLPs have the advantage that, contrary to inactivated or attenuated viruses that must be prepared in mammalian cell lines, they can be produced in heterologous systems, such as bacteria, yeasts, insect cells, or plants. (nature.com)
  • Virus enters the cell and migrates to the nucleus where it replicates. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Virus enters the cell and directly migrates to the nucleus. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
  • researchers could not unequivocally lated virus strains belonging to 1 serotype with a wide host establish that the virus did not originate from the mice used range ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • All the isolates could be classified within a unique lineage, which comprise other European strains and confirm that the viruses currently circulating in Italy developed from a unique common ancestor. (bvsalud.org)
  • This invention relates to the production of virus-resistant transgenic animals. (justia.com)
  • There is a growing body of information that viruses play a vital role in a broad range of diseases, some of which represent the most serious of man's ills. (justia.com)
  • Arthritis, juvenile arthritis, diabetes, Hodgkin's disease and various immunological diseases and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system have been linked to viruses as the causative agents. (justia.com)
  • One approach to the control of virus-related diseases and, particularly to the spread of such virus diseases, has been to search for medicinal agents or chemotherapeutic agents which are capable of inhibiting the growth of viruses, thereby preventing the spread of disease as well as preventing further damage to cells and tissues of the animal host which have not as yet been infected. (justia.com)
  • Thus, it can be seen that there is a need for new chemotherapeutic agents which are effective against a broad range of virus diseases, and which at the same time, are non-toxic to the host. (justia.com)
  • These compounds are effective against a wide spectrum of virus infections and are useful in both the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of such infections. (justia.com)
  • February 12, 1987) observed inhibition of influenza virus in NIH 3T3 mouse cells genetically modified to express the mouse protein Mx. (justia.com)
  • Influenza Viruses 10. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Italian EMC viruses, collected between 2013 and 2019, showed an overall antigenic stability. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite the demonstrated stability of virus, some putative newly emerged variants were detected through antigenic profile analysis and phylogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sulfonamides and antibiotics which have revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections have substantially no effect upon virus infections. (justia.com)
  • Certain infections caused by large viruses, such as lymphogranuloma venereum, psittacosis and trachoma have been successfully treated using antibiotics and sulfa drugs. (justia.com)
  • The present study investigated the effect of a high-dose tamoxifen application on Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced hippocampal damage. (bvsalud.org)
  • Orlando: Academic Press, Inc., 1986, Vol. 119(C). The interferons do not act directly against the virus, rather, they stimulate the antiviral response of the immune system. (justia.com)
  • The antiviral activity of various mammalian interferons is reviewed in Colowick, S. P. and Kaplan, N. O. Interferons, S. Pestka (Ed.), Methods in Enzymology. (justia.com)
  • Structurally, the nucleocapsid of this virus is enclosed by a host-derived lipid envelope holding two virion glycopro. (warf.org)
  • Since a plant-derived antibody cocktail to Ebola virus in 2014 had been shown to be effective 5 , more studies and cases have been reported. (nature.com)
  • The compounds described herein are useful in inhibiting or inactivating viruses by their administration to either a non-infected or to an infected host, respectively. (justia.com)
  • To celebrate 100 years of this seminal discovery, one of the first to show that a virus could cause a human disease, an international symposium was held on the 20 November 2009, in Vienna, Austria ( http://www.meduniwien.ac.at/100yearspolio ). (springer.com)
  • Viruses are intracellular parasites that infect all three domains of life. (fortunejournals.com)