• Single-cell RNA sequencing studies on gene co-expression patterns could yield important regulatory and functional insights, but have so far been limited by the confounding effects of differentiation and cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • He graduated in 2007 with a PhD on embryonic stem cell differentiation and transgenesis, and in 2008, he received his Doctor of Medicine (MD) also from the University of Geneva. (wikipedia.org)
  • They investigated whether fluctuations in the expression levels of OCT4 and SOX2, two master regulators of pluripotency, impact the differentiation potential of ES cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
  • This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
  • Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • RNA sequencing analysis was performed on a total of 15 samples, including haploid and diploid human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells at different differentiation states and cell cycle phases. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the process, known as cellular differentiation, the zygote develops into pluripotent stem cells which can give rise to all of the different organs in the body. (activemotif.com.cn)
  • This picture is a metaphor for the decisions that need to be made in the development and differentiation of a cell. (activemotif.com.cn)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • Our results lend support to the concept of post-transcriptional RNA operons, but we further present evidence that nuclear proximity of genes may provide substantial functional regulation in mammalian single cells. (nih.gov)
  • It allowed to demonstrate that mammalian genes are transcribed during short time windows, called transcriptional bursts, which have widely different kinetics properties for different genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The key finding was that most mammalian genes have to transit through a refractory period when they are inactive before they can be activated again. (wikipedia.org)
  • They discovered that the time scales of transcriptional memory varied over a range of two to ten cell cycles for different mammalian genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Investigating astrocyte maturation in a cell culture model revealed that in vitro-differentiated astrocytes lack expression of many mature astrocyte-specific genes, including genes for the transcription factors Rorb, Dbx2, Lhx2 and Fezf2. (nature.com)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we maintained mesenchymal-like MUCs in adherent cultures to test new methods that were able to guide MUCs to buy SB-649868 become a number of epithelial cells expressing epithelial genes such as in MUCs. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Here, we describe in detail the spatiotemporal expression of three rprm genes ( rprma, rprmb , and rprm l) within distinct anatomical structures in the developing peripheral and central nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
  • J. Liu , Yang, X. Y. , and Shi, W. J. , " Identifying differentially expressed genes and pathways in two types of non-small cell lung cancer: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma " , vol. 13, pp. 95-102, 2014. (geneticsmr.com)
  • 1999). Molecular cloning of six novel Kruppel-like zinc finger genes from hematopoietic cells and identification of a novel transregulatory domain KRNB. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. (nih.gov)
  • There were 12 m 6 A RNA methylation genes displaying aberrant expressions, and an 11-gene diagnostic score model was finally built (Diagnostic score =0.033*KIAA1429+0.116*HNRNPC+0.115*RBM15-0.067* METTL3-0.048*ZC3H13-0.221*WTAP+0.213*YTHDF1-0.132*YTHDC1-0.135* FTO+0.078*YTHDF2+0.014*ALKBH5). (ijbs.com)
  • This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
  • By statistical analysis, it was possible to compare the expression of these genes between 6-OHDA group and vehicle group. (helsinki.fi)
  • In other genes there were no statistical differences, unlike in several other studies where the expression was found to be increased. (helsinki.fi)
  • PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results were confirmed by transcriptomic analyses that highlighted the specific genes involved in these cell death pathways. (stanford.edu)
  • Moreover, the presence of tubulovesicular structures in the brain medulla alongside the over-expression of prion disease genes in late cycle suggested a cell-to-cell, prion-like propagation recalling the conformational disorders typical of some human neurodegenerative diseases. (stanford.edu)
  • We found that neurons in the brain and cells of the vascular network both express multiple genes for voltage gated Na+ and Ca2+ ion channels homologous (based on sequence) to mammalian ion channel genes. (stanford.edu)
  • We hypothesized that MDM2 in these cells inhibited transcription initiation at the p53 target genes p21 and puma . (oncotarget.com)
  • Surprisingly, following etoposide treatment transcription initiation occurred at the compromised target genes in MANCA and A875 cells similar to the T/T ML-1 cell line. (oncotarget.com)
  • We found that knockdown of MDM2 in G/G cells moderately increased expression of subsets of p53 target genes without increasing p53 stability. (oncotarget.com)
  • It attempts to understand the mechanism by which the expression of particular genes is being modulated by some means other than the DNA sequence. (activemotif.com.cn)
  • We apply a tailored experimental design that eliminates these confounders, and report thousands of intrinsically covarying gene pairs in mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • Open in a separate window Figure 5 Increased frequency of proliferating HCECs in conditioned medium from mouse embryonic stem cells. (giknet.org)
  • Open in a separate window Figure 6 Conditioned medium from mouse embryonic stem cells stimulated colony formation of HCECs. (giknet.org)
  • Open in a separate window Figure 7 Conditioned medium from mouse embryonic stem cells promoted cell-cycle entrance of HCECs. (giknet.org)
  • We have previously demonstrated that AKT1 induces the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • ESC-CM inhibited HCECs apoptosis We examined apoptosis and necrosis of cells at passage 4 in the 25%ESC-CM and CEM groups by flow cytometry. (giknet.org)
  • Discussion In this study, we analyzed the effects of ESC-CM on the cellular phenotype, biologic function, proliferation capacity, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HCECs. (giknet.org)
  • Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • Extensive renovation of the epithelium, cell proliferation, apoptosis and changes in the shape and positioning of cell groups are determined by morphogenetic gradients that play critical roles during the morphogenesis of teeth 13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • His research focuses on quantitative approaches to study gene expression and developmental cell fate decisions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Suter laboratory is developing quantitative approaches to study gene expression in single living cells, and applying those to understand the molecular bases of cell fate decisions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Suter is a member of several institutions such as Board Member of the Swiss Stem Cell Network, International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) and European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ESGCT). (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that astrocyte maturation is promoted by extrinsic signals that induce multiple transcription factors that act largely independently to regulate distinct gene expression modules that together promote a mature astrocytic phenotype. (nature.com)
  • The expression pattern of this gene family has been recently described during zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryogenesis, and primarily locates in the nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Its most characterized member, RPRM , which duplicated to give rise rprma and rprmb in the fish lineage, is known to act as a tumor-suppressor gene in mammalian models. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, we provide a reference dataset describing the expression patterns of RPRM gene products during zebrafish and mouse development as a first step to approach the physiological role of the RPRM gene family. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, zebrafish is very well-suited for systematic analysis of gene expression patterns at transcript level by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH), and at protein level by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (IHC/IF). (frontiersin.org)
  • Herein we examine the temporal and spatial expression patterns of RPRM gene-products (mRNA and protein) during neural development. (frontiersin.org)
  • The directed expression of alpha-synuclein , a gene contributing to inherited forms of Parkinson disease (PD), in the dopaminergic neurons (DA) of flies provides a robust model of PD complete with the loss of neurons and accompanying motor defects. (sdbonline.org)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • As ChIP-seq cannot establish physical co-occurrence of two marks on the same allele, admixture of cells that either express (green) or do not express (red) the gene in focus could explain the occurrence of both marks as well as the low expression level in the overall population. (researchgate.net)
  • In contrast, in the case of ''true'' bivalency, virtually all cells in the population carry both marks simultaneously at the promoter in question, leading to low, if any, expression for that gene in all cells. (researchgate.net)
  • The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. (researchgate.net)
  • Finally, the gene expression of Atf4, Ire1α, Xbp1s, Xbp1t, Grp78 and Chop was measured from these cDNA samples by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). (helsinki.fi)
  • The qPCR data describes the expression of exact gene. (helsinki.fi)
  • Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA methylation is the most commonly studied epigenetic mark in humans, as it is well recognised as a stable, heritable mark that can affect genome function and influence gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Epigenetic marks are heritable DNA modifications that can influence gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we compare gene expression and cellular composition of single-cell suspensions prepared from adult mouse kidney using two tissue dissociation protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an increasingly powerful technology that enables analysis of gene expression in individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epigenetics is the study of how the environment, behavior, and other mechanisms cause changes to the genome that can contribute to the regulation of gene expression and other biological processes without changing to the underlying primary DNA sequences. (activemotif.com.cn)
  • These processes influence gene expression patterns or cellular phenotypes and disease states with no underlying change in DNA sequence. (emjreviews.com)
  • 4 Acute hyperglycaemia leads to chronic metabolic and haemodynamic derangements, 5 which trigger chromatin structural changes, transcription factor activation, and gene expression. (emjreviews.com)
  • Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
  • A dedifferentiation program was suggested for inducing differentiated somatic cells to become pluripotent embryonic-like stem cells (Halley-Stott et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Intriguingly, we found that a haploid genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Analysis of the effectiveness of caffeine and MG132 for improving somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology using cryopreserved eggs showed that supplementation did not improve the blastocyst formation rate of cloned mouse eggs. (molcells.org)
  • Moreover, Wnt signaling cascades cross-talk with the FGF, Notch, Hedgehog (Hg), and TGFβ/BMP signaling pathways and regulate the expression of CSC markers, such as CD44, CD133 (PROM1), EPCAM, and LGR5 (GPR49) in these tumors [ 9 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • The suppressive effect of PD-1 on Skp2 expression was mediated by inhibition of both PI3K/Akt and Ras/MEK/Erk pathways and was only partially reversed by IL-2, which restored activation of MEK/Erk but not Akt. (shu.edu)
  • However it remains unknown which endocytic pathways are active in brain endothelial cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • As brain endothelial cells are polarized in vivo, the aim of the study was to demonstrate the cell polarization of hCMEC/D3 cells and to study the activity and functionality of different endocytic pathways as a function of cell polarization. (helsinki.fi)
  • To characterize hCMEC/D3 cells for the presence of specific endocytic pathways, proteins involved into each pathway were selected. (helsinki.fi)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The 5-HT neurotransmitter regulates important pathways of mammalian metabolism and is synthesized from the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan amino acids 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)
  • Although the reason for this is not fully understood, the presence of chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem (CSCs) is thought to be one the primary causes for tumor recurrence [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)
  • In the absence of Bmi1, M33, or Phc2, primary embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are unable to progress into S phase, undergo premature senescence after only a few passages in culture and show an increased accumulation of the tumor suppressors p16 INK4a , p19 ARF and p15 INK4b [4] , [10] . (plos.org)
  • Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Pediatric Brain Tumor Cancer Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Dynamics, DNA Repair, and Etoposide Extrusion. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Cells Tissues Organs (2011) 193 (4): 239-252. (karger.com)
  • He predicted that cancers occur upon activation of dormant embryonic-like cancerous cells present in mature tissues but not spontaneously [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing has been widely adopted to estimate the cellular composition of heterogeneous tissues and obtain transcriptional profiles of individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Solid tissues need to be dissociated to release individual cells suitable for 10x Genomics Chromium scRNA-seq. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
  • Serotonergic neurotransmission modulates cell proliferation in several tissues, but is involved mainly in the morphogenesis of the craniofacial region 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • They also dissected the dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility by the pioneer transcription factor OCT4 and demonstrated its activity on a time scale of minutes to maintain nucleosome-depleted regions in DNA regions regulating the identity of ES cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Secondly, the quiescent state is an integral part of stem cell regulation, therefore choosing the right protocol for inducing quiescence is important. (sun.ac.za)
  • Our results suggest that loss of PTEN expression is associated with the aggressive capacity of colorectal cancer and that understanding the biologic mechanisms responsible for regulation of PTEN expression may enable better translational treatment of colorectal cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • not unique for the embryonic system but are shared by other ogenesis regulation must consider different scales of multi-cellular modeling areas. (lu.se)
  • Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
  • In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
  • The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
  • Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
  • The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
  • In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
  • Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) maintain hematopoietic output throughout an animal's lifespan. (biorxiv.org)
  • One sentence summary Murine hematopoietic stem cells display transcriptional heterogeneity that is quantitatively altered with age and leads to the age-dependent myeloid bias evident after inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
  • Mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs), which possess locks cell progenitor and mesenchymal features via epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) seeing that previously described, provide a potential strategy for locks cell regeneration via cell transplantation. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • 2007). Such a dedifferentiation program occurs in mammalian pancreatic epithelial cell cultures, in which pancreatic cells dedifferentiate into mesenchymal-like cells that are able to re-enter the cell cycle, probably via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Gallo et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • In the auditory system, we have generated mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs) via EMT (Zhang and Hu, 2012). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • We found that adult mouse utricle sensory epithelial cells underwent EMT to become MUCs that were able to propagate in adherent cultures, express mesenchymal markers, and lose the expression of epithelial markers. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • In suspension cultures, we found that MUCs formed spherical structures buy SB-649868 and started to express epithelial markers and bundle-like structures, which indicates that MUCs may possess the potential to become epithelial hair-like cells. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • However, the yield of epithelial bundleCbearing cells is limited in MUC suspension cultures and/or hanging drops. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Growing evidence supports the contention that epithelial cancers including colorectal cancer, the incidence of which increases with aging, are diseases driven by the pluripotent, self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three main epithelial cell lineages comprise a crypt: the columnar cells or colonocytes, the mucin-secreting cells or goblet cells, and the enteroendocrine cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under normal circumstances, turnover of epithelial cell lineages occurs constantly in every 2-7 days but this process become faster during tissue repair and wound healing [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pericryptal myofibroblasts produce the Wnt signalling ligands which bind to Frizzled receptors as well as morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists gremlin 1(GREM1), gremlin 2 (GREM2) on basal epithelial stem cells and also can modulate notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the entire vascular network undergoes slow rhythmic contractions that appear to arise from processes endogenous to vascular epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Finally, FGF6 and FGF2, both individually and sequentially, were used to treat quiescent myoblasts to determine their involvement in activation and proliferation with the use of cell cycle analysis and mRNA assessment of ki67, p21, myf5, and MyoD. (sun.ac.za)
  • In the zebrafish, rprma mRNA is expressed in the olfactory placodes (OP) and olfactory epithelium (OE), rprmb is observed in the tectum opticum (TeO) and trigeminal ganglion (Tg), whereas rprml is found primarily in the telencephalon (Tel). At protein level, RPRM is present in a subset of cells in the OP, and neurons in the OE, TeO, hindbrain and sensory peripheral structures. (frontiersin.org)
  • Expression of these proteins at mRNA level was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (helsinki.fi)
  • mRNA and protein levels of stemness markers POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 5 (OCT4, HGNC: 9221), Nanog homeobox (NANOG, HGNC: 20857), and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2, HGNC:11195) in DP cells and HWPc were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Levels of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in box A-transfected DP cells and HWPc compared to empty plasmid-transfected cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adult mammalian tissue regeneration recruits progenitor stem cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • Primary satellite cells can be harvested from muscle tissue to investigate or even use as potential therapeutic application. (sun.ac.za)
  • Satellite cells exist in quiescence in the muscle tissue and only become activated following an insult. (sun.ac.za)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a section of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple tissue preparation protocols are compatible with Chromium, but the protocol of choice should ideally maintain RNA integrity and cell composition of the original tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this case, samples need to be preserved either as an intact tissue or in a dissociated form as a single-cell suspension. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
  • The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • The mammalian telencephalon, which comprises the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidum), and amygdala, is a highly complex and evolutionarily advanced brain structure. (intechopen.com)
  • Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • cells for allogeneic transplantation without immunosuppression 6,153,428 .alpha. (europeanstrokenetwork.eu)
  • I use a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates advanced single cell RNAseq, imaging, multi-parameter flow cytometric isolation of cellular populations and transplantation assays to elucidate the cellular and genetic changes associated with neuronal degeneration process in young and old colonies. (stanford.edu)
  • A potential alternative treatment, adoptive transfer of mature T cells (ATMTC) through bone marrow transplantation has emerged as a successful therapy for 22q11.2DS. (medscape.com)
  • By extending the technology to determine the localization of single molecules of RNA polymerase II in mammalian nuclei, they showed that polymerases are mostly homogenously distributed throughout the nucleus, hence, arguing against a static model of clustering in transcription factories. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intensity of Beclin 1 in the nuclei was stronger than in other parts of the cell in all samples, which could indicate a stronger activity of its nuclear tasks compared to autophagy. (helsinki.fi)
  • Multiple approaches for optimal sample dissociation and storage of single cells have been proposed as have single-nuclei profiling methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They found that small endogenous fluctuations of OCT4 and to a lesser extent SOX2 significantly impact the potential of ES cells to commit to different germ layers. (wikipedia.org)
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.88 PMid:19544452 Kyriakis JM and Avruch J (2001). (geneticsmr.com)
  • Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
  • When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)
  • Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
  • In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • Forced expression of these factors in vitro induces distinct sets of mature astrocyte-specific transcripts. (nature.com)
  • Most studies investigating satellite cells in vitro use already activated satellite cells, called myoblasts. (sun.ac.za)
  • Methods: Isolated satellite cells from human muscle biopsies were expanded in vitro creating primary human myoblast (PHM) clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. (karger.com)
  • In present study we characterized human brain endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3, which are widely utilized as BBB in vitro model. (helsinki.fi)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • Shi and Advantage 2013), and locks cell progenitors possess been determined in the adult mammalian utricle and cochlea (Li et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • The adult mammalian intestinal epithelium is unique for its rapidly self renewing property. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • In addition, the authors also review future strategies in DN treatment such as transcriptional reprogramming of mature adult kidney cells into uncommitted induced pluripotent stem cells for renal repair and therapeutics. (emjreviews.com)
  • Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system and they serve essential functions in brain development and homoeostasis. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
  • Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. (oaepublish.com)
  • Prosensory cells are hair cell progenitors because they differentiate into hair and supporting cells during development (Kelley, 2006). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Importantly, a precise temporal description of RPRM protein expression during the development of neuronal structures is still missing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Notch receptors and Notch ligands were detected in virtually all cells throughout EB development. (karger.com)
  • 2008). Expression of the transcription factor Zfp191 during embryonic development in the mouse. (geneticsmr.com)
  • We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics, development and evolution. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that maintaining MPF activity after cryopreservation may have a positive effect on further embryonic development, but is unable to fully overcome cryoinjury. (molcells.org)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • All cell lines we studied resisted between accumulation of PrPTSE and the development infection with 3 TSE agents, including the BSE agent. (cdc.gov)
  • Several drugs cross the placental barrier and some have teratogenic effects on the fetus, which may cause dysfunction and disorders during embryonic development, particularly during the first three months of intrauterine life 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • ESC-CM enhanced proliferation of HCECs Expression of Ki67 was established to determine the role of 25%ESC-CM in the cell-cycle progression of HCECs. (giknet.org)
  • PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
  • However, FGF2 did impede the cell cycle inhibition factor p21, indirectly influencing proliferation. (sun.ac.za)
  • PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
  • The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
  • Hypothesis was to see differences in colocalization of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 in cells treated with different PREP-modifications and for PREP-inhibition to decrease the colocalization. (helsinki.fi)
  • Importantly, etoposide and actinomycin D treatments increased histone H3K36 trimethylation in T/T, but not G/G cells, suggesting a G/G correlated inhibition of transcription elongation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
  • 5-HT interacts with its receptors, which alters cell metabolism and influences several stages of organogenesis 7 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cliff and Dalton, 2017), with nutrients capable of inducing and maintaining alternate cell states (Shyh-Chang et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • They developed a novel approach based on a fluorescent timer to simultaneously monitor protein synthesis and degradation rates in live cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In combination with pulse-chase protein labeling, they were able to determine how changes in synthesis and degradation rates shape fluctuations of proteins levels during the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • They also found that protein degradation rates varied broadly between individual cells, but were correlated to synthesis rates at the single cell level. (wikipedia.org)
  • This discovery suggests that cells are able to coordinate protein synthesis and degradation to buffer protein level variability and thereby to ensure robust control of protein homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Open in a separate window Figure 4 Expression of by RTCPCR, and the protein expression of ZO-1 and Na+-K+-ATPase by immunocytochemistry. (giknet.org)
  • Cells have a protein on their surface called PD-1 (in orange above). (shu.edu)
  • 2009). Zinc finger protein 191 (ZNF191/Zfp191) is necessary to maintain neural cells as cycling progenitors. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
  • Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the induction of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 protein expression in response to box A in DP cells and HWPc. (bvsalud.org)
  • PrPC is a susceptibility to infection of 5 cell lines used or proposed for nonessential protein but, at least in mice and cows, must be manufacture of biological products, as well as other lines. (cdc.gov)
  • This finding might help to elucidate the mechanism that regulates cNANOG expression in PGCs and ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Direct binding of ZFP143 to the proximal region of the NANOG promoter regulates NANOG expression by modulating OCT4 binding [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They can regulate stem cell functions by modulating effects of Wnt signalling on ephrin B1 (EFNB1) and its receptors EPHB2, EPHB3 in the stem cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Using luminescence microscopy for ultrasensitive monitoring of transcription in single embryonic stem (ES) cells, they studied the transmission of transcriptional activity through cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Suter Lab is also interested in the impact of transcription factor fluctuations on cell fate decisions. (wikipedia.org)
  • PromoSer: A large-scale mammalian promoter and transcription start site identification service. (geneticsmr.com)
  • 2007). Repression of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by the zinc finger transcription factor ZNF24. (geneticsmr.com)
  • NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated that POU5F3 , SOX2 , and CEBP played a role in cell type-specific transcription of cNANOG . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show for the first time that different trans -regulatory elements control transcription of cNANOG in a cell type-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)
  • Thus, it has been argued that the observed bivalency simply reflects cellular heterogeneity arising from the averaging of cells that carry either, but not both, marks at a given locus (Fig. 2). (researchgate.net)
  • Cellular senescence is a fundamental cellular program that is activated after a finite number of cell divisions and operates to avoid further cell proliferation. (plos.org)
  • Box A-overexpressing plasmids were used to induce cellular box A expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
  • Cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes has been successfully applied for long-term storage of surplus eggs in mammalian assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in humans. (molcells.org)
  • However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
  • This study altered the expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons and in the developing neuron-rich eye, with and without the expression of alpha-synuclein. (sdbonline.org)
  • The expression of human α-synuclein transgene in neuronal populations that include dopamine producing neurons under the control of Ddc -Gal4 produces a robust Parkinson disease model, and results in severely reduced lifespan and locomotor dysfunction. (sdbonline.org)
  • Culturing astrocytes in a three-dimensional matrix containing FGF2 induces expression of Rorb , Dbx2 and Lhx2 and improves astrocyte maturity based on transcriptional and chromatin profiles. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, extrinsic signals orchestrate the expression of multiple intrinsic regulators, which in turn induce in a modular manner the transcriptional and chromatin changes underlying astrocyte maturation. (nature.com)
  • In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)
  • Two mdm2 G/G SNP309 cancer cell lines, MANCA and A875, have compromised wild-type p53 that co-localizes with MDM2 on chromatin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. (sdbonline.org)
  • The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
  • Stem cells represent a very small percentage of bone marrow cells, and are normally quiescent. (justia.com)
  • These therapies decrease a patient's white blood cell counts, suppress bone marrow hematopoietic activity, and increase the patient's risk of infection and/or hemorrhage. (justia.com)
  • After harvesting, the patient is given high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the bone marrow function is reconstituted by infusion of the cells harvested earlier. (justia.com)
  • The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
  • Remarkably, these mesenchymal-like MUCs expressed prosensory cell markers, which indicated that MUCs were prosensory-like hair cell progenitors that may be able to differentiate into new hair cells. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • At the crypt base, in the vicinity of basal lamina, stem cells are surrounded by mesenchymal cells that are of myofibroblast lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human dermal papilla (DP) cells and primary human white pre-adipocytes (HWPc) were employed as mesenchymal cell models. (bvsalud.org)
  • To alter the expression of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • The directed expression of Buffy in DA neurons provides protection and counteracts the alpha-synuclein-induced Parkinson disease-like phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
  • The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • The telomere length specifies the number of divisions a cell can undergo before it finally dies (i.e. the proliferative potential of cells). (actanaturae.ru)
  • Mammalian Emi2 mediates cytostatic arrest and transduces the signal for meiotic exit via Cdc20. (nih.gov)
  • The characterization of BBB cells would help light on the exact mechanism of nanoparticle delivery into the brain, which would enable the design of targeted nanoparticles to deliver drugs to the CNS. (helsinki.fi)
  • This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Normal human colon consists of millions of crypts, each containing about 2000 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we analyzed a large collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. (nih.gov)
  • Human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK-293) and hPREP knockout cell line created from them by using CRISPR/Cas9-silencing were used in the experiments. (helsinki.fi)
  • Our own bodies start out as a single cell zygote which eventually develops into an embryo and then a fully grown human with about 10 trillion cells . (activemotif.com.cn)
  • However, since all cells of the human body originate from this single-celled ancestor (except germ and immune cells), they have the same primary DNA sequence. (activemotif.com.cn)
  • No PrPTSE or vCJD infections have been transmitted by transfusions of infectivity has been detected in any exposed cell line under nonleukoreduced erythrocyte concentrates and by a human- study so far. (cdc.gov)
  • Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
  • 2007). Some research possess recommended that assisting cells had been the most likely resource of progenitors (Kelley et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Replacing dying or diseased kidney cells with new nephrons is an attractive strategy. (emjreviews.com)
  • Placenta-associated pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are all associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation and expression which are only now being linked to disease risk later in life. (frontiersin.org)
  • In skeletal muscle, these are primary satellite cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
  • David Suter (born 1978 in Switzerland) is a Swiss physician and molecular and cell biologist. (wikipedia.org)