Mammalian embryonic cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transforming growth factor beta family members secreted by senescent cells impede differentiation of adipocytes, leading to insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Single-cell RNA sequencing studies on gene co-expression patterns could yield important regulatory and functional insights, but have so far been limited by the confounding effects of differentiation and cell cycle. (nih.gov)
This hypothesis is supported by further findings that HU210 promotes proliferation, but not differentiation, of cultured embryonic hippocampal NS/PCs likely via a sequential activation of CB1 receptors, Gi/o proteins, and ERK signaling. (jci.org)
Initially, all these cells are identical, but soon, they start to form the three germ layers, which represent the first stage of differentiation of the developing embryo. (mpg.de)
Using a novel iterative framework developed in a companion manuscript, we have analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells taken at various time points during early germ layer differentiation to identify cell types as well as the lineage relationships between these individual cell types. (harvard.edu)
Our findings reveal that cell types found during early in vitro germ layer differentiation are discrete both transcriptionally as well as functionally. (harvard.edu)
His current research projects utilize mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system to investigate the molecular mechanisms that control stem cell differentiation and the development of innate immunity. (usm.edu)
Development of Antiviral Innate Immunity During In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (usm.edu)
During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)

Published in the journal Genes & Development , the study shows that breast cancer cells expressing mainly CD44s have increased metastatic behavior and resistance to therapy, while those expressing CD44v do not associate with these behaviors but do present increased cell proliferation. (sciencedaily.com)
We anticipate that other genes that also undergo alternative splicing could as well contribute to the cells' fate and to the plasticity that generates cancer heterogeneity," Cheng said. (sciencedaily.com)
Our results lend support to the concept of post-transcriptional RNA operons, but we further present evidence that nuclear proximity of genes may provide substantial functional regulation in mammalian single cells. (nih.gov)
While all cells in the body share the same genetic material in DNA, different cell types can turn different genes on or off by controlling the access to DNA. (ca.gov)
Although all these cell types have the same genetic blueprint, different genes are active in different cells to give each its distinctiveness. (ca.gov)
The process by which the genes remember whether they are in liver, brain, or skin cells is called "epigenetics. (ca.gov)
This research will specifically focus on how stem cells commit to specific cell fates, by locking genes into the "ON" state. (ca.gov)
The shape it takes has a profound influence on which genes in a cell are turned on or turned off. (umassmed.edu)
This was believed to be due to an inability to activate certain embryonic genes. (news-medical.net)
The team discovered that cells often repair broken genes in ways that are precise and predictable, sometimes even returning mutated genes back to their healthy version. (bio-itworld.com)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
In order to realize this, different genes have to be activated in each cell at different times. (mpg.de)
In order to find out which genes of a cell were active at a certain point of development, the scientists examined the transcriptome. (mpg.de)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)

Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)
In mouse embryos, cells seem prepatterned to become certain cell lineage because the first cleavage plane has been related with further embryonic-abembryonic axis at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
Surprisingly, we found that there is a significant percentage of the embryos (∼60%) with labeled and nonlabeled cells randomly distributed and intermingled. (bioone.org)
Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
Further techniques are organized by the level of visualization they provide, from cells to tissues and organs to whole embryos. (cshlpress.com)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
The southern ground cricket, Allonemobius socius (Scudder), is an ideal animal for studying mechanisms that regulate embryonic diapause because adult females can produce either diapause or non-diapause embryos. (biologists.com)
Overview of Single Cell Combinatorial Indexing for labeling the transcriptome of single cells The cells of mouse embryos at day 9.5 to 13.5 were isolated and distributed into different wells of a microtiter plate. (mpg.de)
Together with researchers from Berlin, the American team used this method to study the activity of all cells from mouse embryos at the age of 9.5 to 13.5 days. (mpg.de)
To simulate what happens to fetuses when e-cigarettes are used during pregnancy, the researchers exposed frog embryos and samples of mammalian neural crest cells to saline infused with e-cigarette vapor. (neurosciencenews.com)
Researchers experimented with the same e-liquids without nicotine and found that the cells and frog embryos were still dramatically affected even when nicotine was absent. (neurosciencenews.com)
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)

Visualizing Structural Features of the Golgi Complex and Nucleus in Swiss Mouse Embryo Cells - In order to examine structural features of the Golgi complex and nucleus at relatively high magnification, a log-phase culture of 3T3 cells was fixed, permeabilized, blocked with normal goat serum, and then treated with rabbit anti-giantin (Golgi protein) primary antibodies followed by goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (IgG) conjugated to Alexa Fluor 568. (fsu.edu)
Although DNA is composed of a linear sequence of bases, it doesn't exist inside the cell nucleus in a simple, straight form. (umassmed.edu)
The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
Notch1 and Notch 2, but not Notch4, were visualized in the nucleus of EB cells, and all these receptors were also observed as patent cytoplasmic foci. (karger.com)
Therefore, after treatment, cells must be quickly fixed and subjected to stronger permeabilization conditions to allow the antibody to enter the nucleus and access the epitope within disrupted molecular complexes. (bdbiosciences.com)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)

Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
To assess any direct effect of Hsf1 on expression of proteasomal subunits and activity in mammalian cells, a plasmid encoding a constitutively active form of Hsf1 (Hsf1 act ) was expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking Hsf1 and in cultured human myoblasts. (bioone.org)
David M. Taylor , Edor Kabashi , Jeffrey N. Agar , Sandra Minotti , and Heather D. Durham "Proteasome activity or expression is not altered by activation of the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 in cultured fibroblasts or myoblasts," Cell Stress & Chaperones 10(3), 230-241, (1 July 2005). (bioone.org)
Here we report that deletion of one MAD2 allele results in a defective mitotic checkpoint in both human cancer cells and murine primary embryonic fibroblasts. (columbia.edu)
Characterization of embryonic stem cell-differentiated fibroblasts as mesenchymal stem cells with robust expansion capacity and attenuated innate immunity. (usm.edu)

Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Blastocyst lineage formation, early embryonic asymmetries and axis patterning in the mouse. (nature.com)
Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. (nature.com)
Fleming, T. P. A quantitative analysis of cell allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse blastocyst. (nature.com)
The first lineage specification during mammalian embryo development can be visually distinguished at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. (bioone.org)
Blastocysts were then classified according to the allocation of the labeled cells in the embryonic and/or abembryonic part of the blastocyst. (bioone.org)
The particular stem cells that will eventually make the future body, the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cluster together inside the embryo towards one end: this stage of development is known as the blastocyst. (cam.ac.uk)
The other two types of stem cell in the blastocyst are the extra-embryonic trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which will form the placenta, and primitive endoderm stem cells that will form the so-called yolk sac, ensuring that the foetus's organs develop properly and providing essential nutrients. (cam.ac.uk)

Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK) is a human derived mammalian cell-line that is widely used in the study of OATP1B1 transporter. (helsinki.fi)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)

Herceg, Z., Hulla W., Gell D., Cuenin C., Lleonart M., Jackson S. and Wang Z.Q. (2001) Disruption of Trrap causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression. (who.int)

The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
Figure 2: The self-organization theory of early mammalian development. (nature.com)
Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Emerging asymmetry and embryonic patterning in early mouse development. (nature.com)
Graham, C. F. & Lehtonen, E. Formation and consequences of cell patterns in preimplantation mouse development. (nature.com)
Speman, H. Embryonic development and induction. (nature.com)
Notch receptors and Notch ligands were detected in virtually all cells throughout EB development. (karger.com)
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
Scientists from Seattle and Berlin have published an atlas on mouse embryonic development. (mpg.de)
Junyue Cao, Malte Spielmann and their colleagues describe, which cell types differentiate between days 9.5 and 13.5 of mouse embryonic development, and how they transform into organs. (mpg.de)
In addition, they described 56 developmental trajectories in organ development for different cell types. (mpg.de)
All of this takes place in the first third of embryonic development. (mpg.de)
Spielmann has spent the last two years as postdoc with Jay Shendure and Cole Trapnell at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, where he worked on the development of a single cell RNA labeling system. (mpg.de)
The identification, therefore, of the molecules required for directed membrane traffic will be important for understanding organismal development and cell-cell signaling (Murthy, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
Mammalian neural crest cells are also ideal models because they have a key role in embryonic facial development. (neurosciencenews.com)
Neural crest cells are extremely important in the development of craniofacial structures because they can form many different tissues like bones, cartilage, skin, teeth and glands," Olivares-Navarrete said. (neurosciencenews.com)
Regulation of mammalian Notch signaling and embryonic development by the protein O-glucosyltransferase Rumi. (nih.gov)
During mammalian development, embryonic stem cells undergo cell-fate decisions to commit to one of three germ layer lineages: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. (harvard.edu)
This is because early embryo development requires the different types of cell to coordinate closely with each other. (cam.ac.uk)
Both the embryonic and extra-embryonic cells start to talk to each other and become organised into a structure that looks like and behaves like an embryo," explains Professor Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz from the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, who led the research. (cam.ac.uk)
To do so, it would likely need the third form of stem cell, which would allow the development of the yolk sac, which provides nourishment for the embryo and within which a network of blood vessel develops. (cam.ac.uk)
Our data identify a critical role for the microtubule-severing protein katanin p60 in regulating neuronal progenitor proliferation in vivo during embryonic development and adult neurogenesis. (monash.edu)
Outline the importance of apoptosis during embryonic development and in the maintenance of appropriate cell number. (southampton.ac.uk)
The exact nature of these interactions, which determine the lineage patterning of the trophectoderm and endoderm tissues occurring in a highly regulated manner at precise periods during the embryonic development, is an area of debate. (lu.se)
The ectoderm is well around the stomodeum by the fourth week of embryonic development and contributes to the formation of the face and the nasal and oral cavities. (medscape.com)
At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
Degeneration and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules with poor germ cell development is frequently observed. (medscape.com)
In all documented biopsied cases, there is a significant decline in germ cell development and an increase in tubular sclerosis by puberty. (medscape.com)
This condition occurs when the nerves in the intestine (enteric nerves) do not form properly during development before birth (embryonic development). (medlineplus.gov)
This protein appears to be essential for the normal development of several kinds of nerve cells, including nerves in the intestine. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, these nerves do not form normally during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
Zinc the investigation period were examined is a trace element required by the organism after delivery for NTD by a gynaecolo- for multiple biological functions, including gist and later the diagnosis was confirmed cell division, development and differentia- by a paediatrician. (who.int)

The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. (jci.org)
Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
Peripheral expression and biological activities of GDNF, a new neurotrophic factor for avian and mammalian peripheral neurons. (rupress.org)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic polypeptide, distantly related to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), originally isolated by virtue of its ability to induce dopamine uptake and cell survival in cultures of embryonic ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and more recently shown to be a potent neurotrophic factor for motorneurons. (rupress.org)
Purified recombinant GDNF promoted neurite outgrowth and survival of embryonic chick sympathetic neurons. (rupress.org)
GDNF also promoted survival of about half of the neurons in embryonic chick nodose ganglion and a small subpopulation of embryonic sensory neurons in chick dorsal root and rat trigeminal ganglia. (rupress.org)
We further find these transcripts to undergo changes in splicing and demonstrate that RBM5 directly regulates these changes in human neurons derived from embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)

SASP induces an unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum because of an accumulation of unfolded proteins, resulting in proteotoxic impairment of cell function. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly known as HEK293 cells they are actually an excellent protein source, especially for secreted proteins. (uni-konstanz.de)
The protein sequences were aligned with the Until now, no mammalian cell line has been reported to T-COFFEE program version 5.05 ( 9 ) with Chinese and Ja- propagate BAV, and experimental infection with BAV has vanese BAVs. (cdc.gov)
Second, manipulation of lncRNAs and their protein partners may allow cells to change or commit to specific cell fates. (ca.gov)
Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
Identification of a novel mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-resident KDEL protein using an EST database motif search. (nih.gov)
Fluorescent antibodies specific for cell surface markers can be combined with markers of apoptosis, proliferation and protein phosphorylation to determine which cell subsets respond to various stimuli or treatments. (bdbiosciences.com)
While techniques for cell surface staining are relatively standard, optimal staining for intracellular markers often depends on the biology of the target protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, if they are trapped inside the cell, they can be stained as intracellular proteins using protein transport inhibitors such as BD GolgiStop™ (containing monensin) or BD GolgiPlug™ (containing brefeldin A). Cytokines are relatively accessible using the gentle fixation and permeabilization afforded by BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution. (bdbiosciences.com)
For studies on cytokine production, cells are first treated with a protein transport inhibitor to allow accumulation of the target protein inside the cell. (bdbiosciences.com)
The mitotic checkpoint protein hsMad2 is required to arrest cells in mitosis when chromosomes are unattached to the mitotic spindle. (columbia.edu)
The BRCA2 R3052W mutated protein exacerbates genome instability, is unable to rescue homology-directed repair, and fails to complement cell survival following exposure to PARP inhibitors and crosslinking drugs. (frontiersin.org)
The RET gene provides instructions for producing a protein that is involved in signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the RET gene that cause Hirschsprung disease result in a nonfunctional version of the RET protein that cannot transmit signals within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The EDNRB gene provides instructions for making a protein called endothelin receptor type B. When this protein interacts with other proteins called endothelins, it transmits information from outside the cell to inside the cell, signaling for many important cellular processes. (medlineplus.gov)

One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)

In contrast to bacteria and green algae, human cells possess a very limited number of 6mA sites which are sporadically distributed across the genome of different cell types. (nature.com)
Our results imply that rare 6mA in the mammalian genome is introduced by RNA m 6 A machinery via a non-targeted mechanism. (nature.com)
Thus, we discovered a system that ensures genome integrity in embryonic stem cells and likely other cell types. (ca.gov)
Using chromosome conformation capture technologies in conjunction with advanced computational modeling and a range of imaging methods, the center will generate three-dimensional models of the human genome inside fibroblast cells during metaphase and interphase, as well as in embryonic stem cells in undifferentiated and differentiated states. (umassmed.edu)
Genome-wide mapping of 5fC in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) reveals that 5fC preferentially occurs at poised enhancers among other gene regulatory elements. (nih.gov)
To facilitate mammalian genome engineering applications, we provide a web-based software tool to guide the selection and validation of target sequences as well as off-target analyses. (cdc.gov)
Both crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes and sgRNAs can be used to target SpCas9 for multiplexed genome editing in eukaryotic cells 1 , 3 . (cdc.gov)

The goal of the proposed research is to better understand the epigenetic program in human embryonic stem cells and adult cells. (ca.gov)
First, the research will generate important knowledge on new ways to manipulate cell fate potentials of stem cells and mature adult cells. (ca.gov)
Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) project to the CA2 region of the hippocampus, but no previous studies have assigned a behavioral function to this circuit. (researchgate.net)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
Embryonic stem cells are immortal, and have the potential to develop into any type of adult cell, even after months growing in culture dishes. (news-medical.net)
By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. (jci.org)
Effects of HU210 treatment on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in adult rats ( n = 5-7 rats in each group). (jci.org)
The role of p60 katanin in the mammalian brain with respect to embryonic and adult neurogenesis is poorly understood. (monash.edu)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
Embryonic atrazine exposure and later in life behavioral and brain transcriptomic, epigenetic, and pathological alterations in adult male zebrafish. (cdc.gov)

Quite easy to scale up the volume still using attached cells, in special plastic bottles that present a large surface area: thats most useful especially for secreted proteins. (uni-konstanz.de)
There are two main ways to express your gene in HEK293 cells: Producing intracellular proteins in HEK293 cells requires to grow the cells in suspension which can be a bit more of an art and requires a CO2 shaking incubator. (uni-konstanz.de)
Investigating the role of cell membrane proteins has increased over the last decade, as drugdrug interactions and genetic polymorphisms have been found to cause changes in drug pharmacokinetics and dynamics. (helsinki.fi)
Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
While western blotting and other methods are useful for the examination of single proteins expressed by entire cell populations, flow cytometry allows the detection of multiple proteins simultaneously at the level of individual cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
The mechanisms regulating expression of proteasomal proteins in mammalian cells are less well defined. (bioone.org)

Understanding the cellular mechanisms that mediate this cancer cell plasticity may lead to improved treatments. (sciencedaily.com)
One of the goals of my lab is to better understand the mechanisms that allow breast cancer cells to be remarkably heterogeneous, which is one of the reasons cancer is difficult to treat," said corresponding author Dr. Chonghui Cheng, associate professor at the Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, of molecular and human genetics and of molecular and cellular biology at Baylor College of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
We want to tap into the natural mechanisms by which the body normally "remembers" what kinds of cells reside in each tissue and apply them to regenerative therapies. (ca.gov)
and Richard Sherwood of Brigham and Women's Hospital-suggests that the cell's own repair mechanisms could one day be combined with CRISPR-based therapies that correct gene mutations by simply cutting DNA precisely and allowing the cell to naturally heal the damage ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0686-x ). (bio-itworld.com)

You need standard cell culture equipment that in most cases is available in any biology department. (uni-konstanz.de)
These established tools enable new discoveries in fields such as immunology, inflammation and stem cell biology. (bdbiosciences.com)
Attenuated Innate Immunity in Embryonic Stem Cells and Its Implications in Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine. (usm.edu)

OATP2B1 variants were expressed in human derived HEK293 cell line using baculovirus expression system. (helsinki.fi)
In the experimental part of this thesis the goal was to express OATP1B1 transporter in Sf9 and HEK293 cell lines. (helsinki.fi)
The expression of OATP1B1 transporter in HEK293 cells was successful. (helsinki.fi)
HEK293 cells expressing OATP1B1 transporter are well suited for the study of the SLCO1B1-gene. (helsinki.fi)

Cheng and her colleagues investigated whether there was a difference in the two forms of CD44 expressed in human breast cancer cells. (sciencedaily.com)
We found that one noncoding RNA named 7SK is needed to limit the production of enhancer RNAs, especially in human and mouse embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
The human body is composed of thousands of cell types, which all came originally from embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
A central problem in regenerative medicine is to understand the epigenetic program so that human embryonic stem cells can be efficiently turned into the cell types required for each specific patient. (ca.gov)
Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)
In a study published yesterday in Nature , researchers created a machine-learning model-inDelphi-that predicts how human and mouse cells will respond to CRISPR-induced breaks in DNA. (bio-itworld.com)
Human embryonic stem cells, for instance, are likely to have similar repair outcomes as mESCs," the research team writes. (bio-itworld.com)
We think that it will be possible to mimic a lot of the developmental events occurring before 14 days using human embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells using a similar approach to our technique using mouse stem cells," she says. (cam.ac.uk)
However, it has rarely been considered that human milk may also contain substances bioactive toward host cells. (lu.se)
While investigating the effect of human milk on bacterial adherence to a human lung cancer cell line, we were surprised to discover that the milk killed the cells. (lu.se)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
Here, we characterize SpCas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the selection of target sites and avoid off-target effects. (cdc.gov)

Complete loss of the mitotic checkpoint results in embryonic lethality owing to chromosome mis-segregation in various organisms. (columbia.edu)

A role for the complex in mammalian synapse formation and neurite outgrowth has been suggested by the early presence of Sec6/Sec8 immunoreactivity at sites of synaptogenesis in culture (Hazuka, 1999) and the impairment of neurite outgrowth with dominant-negative forms of sec10 and sec8 in PC12 cells (Vega, 2001). (sdbonline.org)

Subsequently, further distinctions in trafficking pathways have been invoked to explain different forms of regulation and fusion at different domains of the cell. (sdbonline.org)
and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, cell cycle, and actin cytoskeleton regulation. (bvsalud.org)

SASP is one of the three main features of senescent cells, the other two features being arrested cell growth, and resistance to apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Although SASP from senescent cells can kill neighboring normal cells, the apoptosis-resistance of senescent cells protects those cells from SASP. (wikipedia.org)
SASP factors IL-6 and TNFα enhance T-cell apoptosis, thereby impairing the capacity of the adaptive immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, analysis of the mechanism by which multimeric alpha-lactalbumin induces apoptosis in transformed epithelial cells could lead to the design of antitumor agents. (lu.se)

1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

Multimeric alpha-lactalbumin killed all transformed, embryonic, and lymphoid cells tested but spared mature epithelial elements. (lu.se)
Chronic lymphoid leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia due to chronic exposure to benzene: Report of three cases. (cdc.gov)

Thyrotroph embryonic factor isoform 1, also known as TEF, is a 303 amino acid nuclear transcription factor that belongs to the bZIP (basic region/leucine zipper) family and PAR (proline and acidic amino acid-rich) subfamily. (creativebiomart.net)
Expression of either GDNF mRNA isoform in insect cells resulted in the production of indistinguishable mature GDNF polypeptides. (rupress.org)

But when they switch to CD44v, they have fewer cancer stem cell properties but are engaged in proliferation. (sciencedaily.com)
Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU labeling of dividing cells. (jci.org)
All of these prominences are produced by the proliferation of the neural crest cells that migrate into the arches from the neural crest during the fourth week of gestation. (medscape.com)

Toxicant effects on mammalian oocyte mitochondria. (cdc.gov)

By contrast, mammalian embryonic stem cells and many cancerous and 'immortalized' cell lines divide symmetrically, and yet replicate indefinitely. (sheldrake.org)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
In contrast to nonpacemaker cells, SA and AV nodal cells predominantly use calcium channels for the initial upstroke in phase 0 (Fig. 1) and lack sodium ion channels for the rapid initial upstroke in phase 1 of their action potentials. (medscape.com)

Johnson, M. H. & Ziomek, C. A. The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. (nature.com)

Mammalian embryogenesis is a dynamic process involving gene expression and mechanical forces between proliferating cells. (lu.se)
To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine cell-based spatial mechanical simulations with genetic networks to explain mammalian embryogenesis. (lu.se)

Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)

From these, Dekker and colleagues hope to uncover similarities between the genomic structures that point to general rules that govern how and why genomes fold in all cells. (umassmed.edu)

The Sf9 cell line is isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda insect and is one of the standard in vitro tools in a genetic engineering study. (helsinki.fi)
Although all cells contain the same genetic material, they develop into different directions. (mpg.de)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
We have developed a computational modeling framework for studying this process, where the combined effects of mechanical and genetic interactions are analyzed within the context of proliferating cells. (lu.se)

At the time of their establishment, 3T3 cells were different than most other cell lines in regard to the fact they did not induce tumors to develop when injected into murine species. (fsu.edu)

We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. (karger.com)

The normal cardiac impulse of the vertebrate heart originates in the pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium. (medscape.com)

Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells with Texas Red-X, Alexa Fluor 488, and DAPI - In this section, a Swiss mouse embryo fibroblast cell is presented that was resident in a culture labeled with the fluorophore Texas Red-X conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin, a fluorescent lectin that selectively binds to sialic acid residues. (fsu.edu)
Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
Within a short time, the cells of the three germ layers are transformed into an embryo containing most of its major internal and external organs. (mpg.de)
The potential immortality paradigm sees some cells as potentially immortal, especially unicellular organisms, germ cells and cancerous cells. (sheldrake.org)

Using this method, we examined the genomic positions of 6mA in bacteria ( E. coli ), green algae ( C. reinhardtii ), and mammalian cells (HEK239T, Huh7, and HeLa cells). (nature.com)
They do not expect inDelphi to generalize well to bacteria, plants, and non-mammalian eukaryotes such as yeast. (bio-itworld.com)
Recent research with animal cells, yeasts and bacteria show that damaged cell constituents do in fact build up, but can be diluted by growth and cell division, especially by asymmetric cell division. (sheldrake.org)

Senescent cells are highly metabolically active, producing large amounts of SASP, which is why senescent cells consisting of only 2% or 3% of tissue cells can be a major cause of aging-associated diseases. (wikipedia.org)

Researchers have discovered that breast cancer stem cells can shift between cell surface molecules CD44s and CD44v via alternative splicing and consequently alter their ability to survive. (sciencedaily.com)
The main goal of this project is to understand how stem cells choose what kind of cells to be, particular through newly recognized molecules called long noncoding RNAs. (ca.gov)
Subsequently, all cell nuclei were extracted and a molecular barcode specific to the respective embryo was introduced to the RNA molecules of each cell. (mpg.de)
Depending on the protein's location inside the cell, association with other molecules, and its stability, different cell preparation and staining methods are recommended. (bdbiosciences.com)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

Rossant, J. & Lis, W. T. Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo . (nature.com)

SASP disrupts normal tissue function by producing chronic inflammation, induction of fibrosis and inhibition of stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Established by George Todaro and Howard Green in 1962 from disaggregated Swiss mouse ( Mus musculus ) embryo tissue, the 3T3 cell line is a standard fibroblast cell line used in a wide spectrum of research and industrial biomedical applications. (fsu.edu)
Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
The neural crest cells give rise to the connective tissue components, including cartilage, bone, and ligaments in the facial and oral regions. (medscape.com)

Stem cells can choose and commit to different cell fates by carefully rearranging the organization of chromatin. (ca.gov)

Damage to these cells in utero can cause craniofacial birth defects, said co-investigator René Olivares-Navarrete, D.D.S., Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering. (neurosciencenews.com)
Overexpression of R3052W in DLD1 parental BRCA2 wild-type cells confers sensitivity to MMC DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)

Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
We apply a tailored experimental design that eliminates these confounders, and report thousands of intrinsically covarying gene pairs in mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
After knocking out the RNA m 6 A methyltransferase METTL3 in mouse ES cells, 6mA becomes mostly diminished. (nature.com)
Swiss Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Alexa Fluor 488, and DAPI - A log phase culture of embryonic Swiss mouse fibroblast cells was stained with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin, and DAPI, which target the intracellular mitochondrial network, cytoskeletal actin filaments, and nuclei, respectively. (fsu.edu)
Tubulin, Actin, and DNA Distribution in 3T3 Cells - A culture of 3T3 cells was immunofluorescently labeled with primary anti-tubulin mouse monoclonal antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to the cyanine dye, Cy3. (fsu.edu)
The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)
Scientists at the University of Cambridge have managed to create a structure resembling a mouse embryo in culture, using two types of stem cells - the body's 'master cells' - and a 3D scaffold on which they can grow. (cam.ac.uk)
The Molecular Basis for the Lack of Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Cells. (usm.edu)
Mouse embryonic stem cells are deficient in type I interferon expression in response to viral infections and double-stranded RNA. (usm.edu)

2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

SASP induction of the NAD+ degrading enzyme CD38 on non-senescent cells may be responsible for most of this effect. (wikipedia.org)
We hypothesize that a more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in bursal cells following IBDV infection leads to more severe disease in line W birds than in line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)

We found that specific long RNAs are involved in keeping embryonic stem cells in a stem cell state, while other ones help stem cells turn into particular tissues, like brain or skin. (ca.gov)

I suggest they are rejuvenated by excreting damaged cell constituents in extracellular vesicles. (sheldrake.org)

Intracellular flow cytometry is a powerful technique for the identification of cell types and the analysis of signaling and functional responses within cell lines and heterogeneous cell samples. (bdbiosciences.com)

Katanin, a heterodimer, consisting of catalytic (p60) and regulatory (p80) subunits severs dynamic microtubules to modulate several stages of cell division. (monash.edu)

While the bud is growing, there is almost no increase in the surface area of the mother cell, indicating that all membrane addition occurs at the bud tip. (sdbonline.org)
It also occurs in the formation of egg cells in plants and animals. (sheldrake.org)
Long-segment disease occurs when nerve cells are missing from most of the large intestine and is the more severe type. (medlineplus.gov)

Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
Yeast cells use an anisotropic secretory apparatus for polarized growth at a selected bud site. (sdbonline.org)
Thus, the exocyst complex in yeast may provide a model for the directed membrane traffic of developing cells in higher organisms (Murthy, 2004 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)

We found that not only are there cell state states, but that each of these cell states have qualitatively different responses to the same perturbations. (harvard.edu)

The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

We use RT-PCR reverse transcription system and the expand high fidelity PCR system to detect spliced XBP1 mRNA, and fraction cells to determine the location of the unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. (mdpi.com)

Mar. 17, 2023 The ability of a cell to divide, to proliferate, is essential for life and gives rise to the formation of complex organisms from a single cell. (sciencedaily.com)
The coupling of gene expression with the mechanics of cell movement is important for formation of both the trophectoderm and endoderm. (lu.se)
Our model, which couples gene expression with mechanics, suggests that differential adhesion between different cell types is a critical determinant in robust endoderm formation. (lu.se)
In addition to differential adhesion, two different testable hypotheses emerge when considering endoderm formation: (1) A directional force acts on certain cells and moves them into forming the endoderm layer, which separates the blastocoel and the cells of the inner cell mass (ICM), where the blastocoel simply acts as a static boundary. (lu.se)
2) The blastocoel dynamically applies pressure upon the cells in contact, such that cell segregation in the presence of differential adhesion leads to endoderm formation. (lu.se)

If so, our understanding of cellular senescence, rejuvenation and potential immortality could be brought together in a new synthesis, which I call the cellular rejuvenation hypothesis: damaged cell constituents build up in all cells, but cells can be rejuvenated either by growth and cell division or, in 'immortal' cell lines, by excreting damaged cell constituents. (sheldrake.org)

In 1974, I published a paper in Nature on the ageing growth and death of cells in which I put forward a new hypothesis that accounts for many of the facts of cellular senescence and regeneration in plants and in animals. (sheldrake.org)
The ageing and death of cells in higher plants and higher animals are discussed in relation to cellular rejuvenation by growth and division. (sheldrake.org)
(B) Western blot of total cellular lysates from DLD-1 BRCA2 −/− cells stably transfected with full-length BRCA2 cDNA constructs: BRCA2 Wild Type (WT) and BRCA2 R3052W (1 and 2 correspond to two independent clones). (frontiersin.org)
(F) Western blot of total cellular lysates from DLD-1 parental cells (these cells express a wild-type allele of BRCA2) stably transfected with R3052W (3 and 5 correspond to two independent clones) full-length 2XMBP-BRCA2 cDNA constructs. (frontiersin.org)

The results are 'ugly' insertions and deletions which are hugely diverse and heterogeneous in different cells. (bio-itworld.com)
The heart achieves the coordinated contraction of the atrial and ventricular chambers due to the precise timing of the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a specialized complex and heterogeneous network of cells that initiate and allow propagation of action potentials through the heart. (medscape.com)

Anatomy51

Organisms32

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Differentiation9

Genes16

Embryos14

Nucleus7

Fibroblasts5

Blastocyst8

Kidney2

Early embryonic1

Development31

Neurons7

Protein15

Somatic cell nuc2

Genome7

Adult14

Proteins7

Mechanisms4

Biology3

HEK2934

Human18

Lethality1

Neurite outgrowth1

Regulation2

Apoptosis4

Progenitor1

Lymphoid2

Isoform2

Proliferation3

Oocyte1

Contrast3

Lineages1

Embryogenesis2

19961

Structures1

Genetic4

Murine1

Notch1

Vertebrate1

Germ4

Bacteria3

Aging-associat1

Molecules5

Vivo1

Tissue4

Chromatin1

Damage2

Mouse9

Humans1

Induction2

Stem cell state1

Extracellular1

Functional1

Subunits1

Occurs3

Yeast3

Responses1

Mice1

MRNA1

Formation5

Immortal1

Cellular4

Heterogeneous2