Used to describe vertebrates that have teeth that are all similar in shape and not of different shapes as in most non-mammalian vertebrates. (wordinfo.info)
In non-mammalian jawed vertebrates, the bones homologous to the mammalian middle ear ossicles compose the proximal jaw bones that form the jaw articulation (primary jaw joint). (kcl.ac.uk)
We are also expanding our research program to include the identification of progenitor/stem cells of taste buds in non-mammalian vertebrates, as well as translational studies using human stem cells and tissues. (uga.edu)
Pinto P, Estêvão MD, Socorro S . Androgen receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates: Structure and function . (ualg.pt)
Zebrafish embryos3
These abnormalities were less frequent in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing rat αA-crystallin suggesting a specific role of α-crystallins in embryonic lens development. (nih.gov)
In another, published in Developmental Neuroscience last month, researchers with the University of Alberta observed the expression of six key receptors that endocannabinoids bind to - CB1 , CB2 , TRPV1 , TRPA1A , TRPA1B , and GPR55 - in developing zebrafish embryos across a timeline roughly equivalent to the first two to ten weeks of human embryonic development. (projectcbd.org)
Cited non-mammalian vertebrate1
It is the most cited non-mammalian vertebrate model organism in all biomedical research, and is an invaluable model for cancer biology, immunology, eye development, head and cranio-facial defects, limb development, and abnormalities such as spina bifida. (msstate.edu)
Vertebrate5
Supporting evidence for this role emerged from studies documenting its expression in all mammals and other vertebrate species, the physiological Ca2+ rises induced by injection of its messenger RNA into mammalian and nonmammalian eggs, and the lack of expression in infertile males that fail intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, we will elaborate on important species differences in TH system disruption by incorporating non-mammalian vertebrate test species alongside classical laboratory rat species and human-derived in vitro assays. (mysciencework.com)
We characterized the extrinsic pathway in zebrafish to determine how it operates in a nonmammalian vertebrate. (deathbase.org)
These results show that zebrafish casp8 has a structure and function similar to mammalian CASP8 orthologs, and our study suggests that the role of caspase-8 in the apoptotic signal pathway has been conserved over at least 450 million years of vertebrate evolution. (deathbase.org)
L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCCs) drive the bulk of voltage-gated Ca 2+ entry in vertebrate inner ear hair cells (HCs) and are essential for mammalian auditory processing. (jneurosci.org)
Elucidate2
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
Although further studies are required to elucidate the specific role of these TLRs in embryo development, the differential spatiotemporal TLR4 and TLR7 appearance may suggest that TLR expression in developing embryos is highly regulated for a possible their direct involvement in the formation of the organs and in the acquisition of immune-related features in preparation for the birth. (acbjournal.org)
Toxicology1
7 Today, zebrafish are the most commonly used non-mammalian animal model in toxicology, pharmacology, and behavioral neuroscience research 8,9 - including both psychedelic 10,11 and cannabinoid science. (projectcbd.org)
Developmental3
Given the successful development of non-mammalian embryos in microgravity, these findings were surprising, and Wakayama and colleagues intend to pursue further gravity-manipulation studies to zoom in on the source of the developmental problem. (medgadget.com)
A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pigment cell specification in sea urchin embryos will first require isolation of the genes responsible for this developmental process. (silverchair.com)
The investigators also state that the developmental primordia from which the premaxilla of nonmammalian tetrapods arises only rarely is involved in forming the upper jaw in therian mammals, instead developing into a motile nose. (medscape.com)
Larvae2
One published by a team of Italian researchers in Pharmaceuticals in November 2021 found that a full-spectrum cannabis extract was not toxic to zebrafish larvae, did not affect embryo development and survival, and increased embryo locomotion at high doses. (projectcbd.org)
Ontogeny of osteonectin expression in embryos and larvae of sea bream (Sparus auratus). (ualg.pt)
Drawbacks3
This being said, the majority of larger pharmaceutical drug developers still use traditional mammalian models which have a few main drawbacks. (invivobiosystems.com)
Taken together, these drawbacks mean that pharmaceutical companies can not test more than a few compounds on their mammalian models, which, in turn, produces fewer drug leads. (invivobiosystems.com)
But there are also drawbacks and limitations to mammalian research that have led scientists in various fields to continue exploring other animal models. (projectcbd.org)
Yolk sac2
While inside the egg, the embryo's abdomen is connected to the yolk sac, which provides the embryo with a food source for growing and developing. (smithsonianmag.com)
The scar appears when the embryo detaches from the yolk sac and other membranes, before or as it hatches from its egg. (smithsonianmag.com)
Embryonic3
Microgravity led to an overall reduction in the rate of blastocyst formation after 96 hours of culture, and closer examination of these blastocysts revealed that the differentiation of embryonic cells into trophectoderm-the tissue that nourishes the embryo and ultimately contributes to placenta formation-was markedly impaired. (medgadget.com)
Shortly after this the embryo begins to undergo embryonic turning, the process that results in the embryo taking up the classic foetal position. (biomedcentral.com)
To demonstrate the origin of taste bud cells and the regulatory signaling pathways responsible for the development of taste papillae and taste buds, we use whole embryo and tongue organ culture systems, as well as transgenic mouse lines for functional and morphological analyses. (uga.edu)
Chicken2
The chicken embryo is highly accessible in eggs, easy to manipulate, and robust. (msstate.edu)
We performed virus isolation in 10-day-old specific pathogen-free chicken embryos ( 12 ), then confirmed results by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Mabsky Biotech, http://www.mabsky.com ). (cdc.gov)
Organisms1
For this purpose, students use gametes and embryos acquired from a variety of mammalian (e.g. human, mouse, cow) and non-mammalian (e.g. zebrafish) organisms. (ox.ac.uk)
Mice2
Microgravity-cultured embryos successfully reached the two-cell stage and yielded viable offspring upon implantation into female mice, but at a significantly lower rate than their 1G counterparts. (medgadget.com)
Drug candidate screenings using zebrafish are 2x fast and ¼ cost compared to mammalian mice models. (invivobiosystems.com)
Differential1
New secondary mesenchyme specific genes, expressed exclusively in pigment cells, were isolated from sea urchin embryos using a differential screening of a macroarray cDNA library. (silverchair.com)
Protein3
Furthermore, we examined the function of zebrafish Casp8 protein in mammalian cells, and showed that it has pro-apoptotic activity when overexpressed. (deathbase.org)
A zebrafish cDNA presumably coding for a 214 amino acid protein with sequence similarity to mammalian TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), was also isolated. (deathbase.org)
Finally, a full-length brook trout cDNA, that presumably codes for a 255 amino acid protein with sequence similarity to mammalian TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha, was isolated. (deathbase.org)
Vitro2
This project, funded under the Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC) initiative, aims to facilitate the development of NAMs that are specific for TH system disruption by characterizing in vivo mechanisms of action that can be targeted by in embryo/in vitro/in silico/in chemico testing strategies. (mysciencework.com)
This article will discuss the suitability of zebrafish for efficacy testing , and how these fishes can help bridge the gap between in vitro models and the more traditional mammalian models in order to generate the data needed for the necessary steps of bringing a drug to market. (invivobiosystems.com)
Genome1
With the development of novel genome modification tools, such a zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas, it is now possible to efficiently engineer non-mammalian models of inherited human diseases. (nih.gov)
Development7
In sea urchin embryos, cell fate specification occurs very early in development. (silverchair.com)
This molecule was proposed to represent the sperm factor responsible for the initiation of calcium (Ca2+ ) oscillations required for egg activation and embryo development in mammals. (ox.ac.uk)
During mammalian development a cilia driven leftwards flow of liquid leads to the left-sided expression of Nodal , which in turn activates asymmetric expression of the transcription factor Pitx2 . (biomedcentral.com)
During mammalian development, the first morphological sign of L-R asymmetry is the looping of the primitive heart tube, initially to the right. (biomedcentral.com)
Beyond governmental efforts to promote the increased usage of alternative models such as zebrafish in drug development, non-profit institutions themselves are working to make non mammalian models the standard for the early decision making stage of drug discovery. (invivobiosystems.com)
However, it is becoming clear that TLRs can play a role also in mammal embryo development. (acbjournal.org)
Considering that TLR4 and TLR7 expression is not restricted to the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tube [ 15 , 16 ], in the present study we extended our investigation by evaluating the localization and appearance of these TLRs in developing respiratory system, liver and pancreas collected at different stages of mouse embryo development. (acbjournal.org)
Ligand1
The mammalian extrinsic apoptosis pathway is triggered by Fas ligand (FasL) and Apo2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL). (deathbase.org)
Occurs1
This occurs in a L-R asymmetric manner such that the caudal-most region of the embryo passes to the right side of the head. (biomedcentral.com)
Human3
The advantages of Xenopus embryos as in vivo models to study human inherited diseases will be presented and their utility for drug discovery screening will be discussed. (nih.gov)
Being a tetrapod, Xenopus complements zebrafish as an indispensable non-mammalian animal model for the study of human disease pathologies and the discovery of novel therapeutics for inherited diseases. (nih.gov)
The moment the human embryo is fertilized to the week of the baby's birth is an important period for human appearance in the normally developing embryo. (medscape.com)
TRAIL1
Thus, the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in zebrafish closely resembles its mammalian counterpart and cooperates with the intrinsic pathway to trigger tissue-specific apoptosis during embryogenesis in response to ectopic Apo2L/TRAIL expression. (deathbase.org)
Proteins1
Highly expressed in the mammalian lens, the α-crystallins have been postulated to play a critical role in the maintenance of lens optical properties by sequestering age-damaged proteins prone to aggregation as well as through a multitude of roles in lens epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
Injection1
A particular strength of our programme is the fact that each of our students is individually trained in gamete manipulation/injection and infra-red laser embryo biopsy. (ox.ac.uk)
Researchers3
The researchers observed more severe negative effects when embryos were transplanted following longer culture periods in the clinostat. (medgadget.com)
This bill explicitly states that not only is the FDA now encouraging researchers to utilize non-mammalian animal models, but also to employ in cell cultures and computer modeling. (invivobiosystems.com)
The lack of streamlined protocols for non mammalian models, such as zebrafish, is one of the most commonly touted reasons for pharmaceutical companies' hesitancy to adopt the model, however, researchers such as Dr Esguerra thinks that this will soon change as more literature is being published utilizing zebrafish. (invivobiosystems.com)
Expression3
While directing expression in a broad range of anatomical structures in the embryo, the majority of the 75 enhancers directed expression to various regions of the developing nervous system. (ox.ac.uk)
Consistent with the expression pattern of Bapx1, mouse embryos deficient for Bapx1 lack a gonium and display hypoplasia of the anterior end of the tympanic ring. (kcl.ac.uk)
We show that this change in role of Bapx1 following the transition to the mammalian ossicle configuration is not due to a change in expression pattern but results from an inability to regulate Gdf5 and Gdf6, two genes predicted to be essential in joint formation. (kcl.ac.uk)
Mouse1
Specific and spatial labeling of P0-Cre versus Wnt1-Cre in cranial neural crest in early mouse embryos. (uga.edu)
Cells1
A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. (ucdenver.edu)
Function1
Lastly, we examine unresolved aspects of the function and regulation of PLCζ and whether or not it is the only sperm factor in mammalian sperm. (ox.ac.uk)