Mammalian circadian clock. Medical search. Frequent questions

These lines of evidence suggest that the transcriptional-translational feedback loop mediated by the clock genes, and the post-translational modification of their products, are indispensable to the circadian clock machinery. (elifesciences.org)
Mechanistic analysis of cycling genes using destabilized luciferase reporters, cultured cells, and animal models demonstrated that these 12-hour rhythms are cell-autonomous, are independent of circadian rhythms, and can be entrained by external cues such as feeding and metabolic stress. (cyagen.com)
Knockdown and knockout of circadian rhythm genes did not block the 12-hour cycles. (cyagen.com)
Through the analysis of per circadian mutants and additional mutations on Drosophila clock genes, a model encompassing positive and negative autoregulatory feedback loops of transcription and translation has been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
Core circadian 'clock' genes are defined as genes whose protein products are necessary components for the generation and regulation of circadian rhythms. (wikipedia.org)
Extensive evidence has revealed that the core clock machinery involves "clock genes" and "clock proteins" functioning as molecular cogs. (bioone.org)
The recent identification of mammalian circadian clock genes now makes it possible to examine time zone adjustments from the perspective of molecular events within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the principal circadian oscillator. (jneurosci.org)
Transcript levels of circadian clock genes ( BMAL1 , PER1 , PER2 , and PER3 ) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, mRNA expression of circadian clock genes is dampened in peripheral leucocytes of subjects with poor sleep quality. (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, mechanisms that impair the circadian clock genes, such as circadian locomotor output cycles kaput ( CLOCK ), brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 ( BMAL1 ), and period genes ( PER1 , PER2 , and PER3 ), contribute to defective beta-cell function and development of type 2 diabetes [ 7 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Disruption of these clock genes affects locomotor activity, feeding behavior, metabolism, and glucose homeostasis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
00:00:53.17 to biological clocks, 00:00:55.13 first talk about the genes, 00:00:57.27 and then about the clocks in cells, 00:01:00.22 and then how they're organized in the body. (ibiology.org)
They can look into whether depression or obesity might be solved through altering genes controlling the biological clock. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Subsequent research has established CLOCK as a prominent regulator of other biological clock genes and a key target to better understand the primary underpinnings of human nature. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Clock genes are also in the skin , where an enzyme that protects against the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation loses its potency if eating occurs at abnormal times. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Geyfman M , Andersen B , . Clock genes, hair growth and aging. (aging-us.com)
In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)
This work, therefore, indicates a role for circadian clock genes in a cyclical process of much longer periodicity than twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
At its core are the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 (ARNTL), which form a heterodimer and activate target genes containing E-boxes in their enhancer regions, including Periods (Per1, 2 and 3) and Cryptochromes (Cry1 and 2). (aging-us.com)
The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates other genes as well, including Dbp, Tef, Hlf, and Rev-Erbα, which codes for an orphan nuclear receptor. (aging-us.com)
The clock genes that we identified as upregulated in telogen/early anagen were all CLOCK/BMAL1 target genes, including Pers, Dbp and Rev-Erbα. (aging-us.com)
While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)
Circadian clock genes are widely expressed in mammalian brain. (concordia.ca)

The internal system that maintains circadian rhythms can be formally represented by three different components: namely, an input pathway, the pacemaker itself, and an output pathway ( Dunlap, 1999 ). (bioone.org)
The input pathway transmits light and/or thermal, non-photic information from external stimuli to the clock (pacemaker). (bioone.org)
Using a combination of biochemical, behavioral, and imaging approaches, we found that mice lacking mTOR in VIP neurons displayed erratic circadian behavior and weakened synchronization among cells in the SCN, the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. (concordia.ca)
Circadian lessons from peripheral clocks: Is the time of the mammalian pacemaker up? (bvsalud.org)

Circadian rhythms in mammals are governed by the master oscillator located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). (elifesciences.org)
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the determination or stabilization of the circadian period and phase remain to be investigated in mammals. (elifesciences.org)
This internal biological clock regulates a host of cellular responses to the environment, ranging from gene expression and cell division in cyanobacteria, to photosynthesis in plants and finally to the sleep/wake cycles in mammals (commonly referred as circadian rhythms). (imsc.res.in)
In this talk, I will present the work that we have been doing to not only enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating circadian clock [1] but also to develop therapeutic interventions to modulate the circadian rhythms in mammals [2, 3]. (imsc.res.in)
Those circadian clocks are at the genetic level remarkably conserved among mammals and insects. (cas.cz)
But a series of more recent advancements - notably the first circadian gene in mammals discovered by UT Southwestern's Dr. Joseph S. Takahashi - has elevated the research beyond flies and positioned scientists to unlock many of the mysteries of human health and behavior. (utsouthwestern.edu)

In most living things, internally synchronized circadian clocks make it possible for the organism to anticipate daily environmental changes corresponding with the day-night cycle and adjust its biology and behavior accordingly. (wikipedia.org)
The physiology and behavior of almost all living organisms on earth is synchronized to a 24-hour solar cycle by a well-regulated molecular clock mechanism. (imsc.res.in)
If these formal analyses depict the behavior of the clock accurately, gradual behavioral advances must reflect progressive readjustment of other elements within the circadian timing system. (jneurosci.org)
Circadian clock has a vital impact on the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes, cellular and energy metabolism, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and feeding behavior. (hindawi.com)
Under Jerome Menet, Ph.D., Sahasrabudhe's research concerns circadian rhythms, or how the natural 24-hour day and night cycle affects behavior, in humans. (tamu.edu)
Their model was validated with a large library of data on the concentrations of the molecular species within the mouse molecular clock at different times of the day and data on the behavior of mice with circadian clock mutations. (scienceagogo.com)
The discovery and cloning of the CLOCK gene by Dr. Joseph Takahashi in the 1990s elevated circadian rhythms research beyond fruit flies and put scientists in position to unlock many of the mysteries of human health and behavior. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Going forward, we can ask questions of how these two stimuli are processed and integrated into the clock system, and how this has effects on our sleep behavior and other physiological processes. (zmescience.com)

A circadian clock, or circadian oscillator, is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized with solar time. (wikipedia.org)
These results reveal the potential for dissociation of mPer and mCry expression within the central oscillator during circadian resetting and a differential molecular response of the clock during advance and delay resetting. (jneurosci.org)
One of the best examples of a large functional network is the mammalian circadian oscillator, for which the current core network contains about 30 nodes. (biomedcentral.com)

At the same time, skin and hair follicles harbor a functional circadian clock that regulates gene expression with a periodicity of approximately twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
Since our mRNA expression studies were performed using whole skin, we asked which compartments of the skin and hair follicles contribute to the robust rhythmic circadian gene expression in telogen. (aging-us.com)
Our current work is focused on a mechanistic understanding how body temperature changes, for example in a circadian manner, during ageing, or during therapeutic manipulation, control alternative splicing and gene expression and how this impacts on functionality. (fu-berlin.de)
However, we have shown that subtle fluctuations in the core body temperature e.g. due to circadian temperature oscillations, hypothermia or fever, result in global changes in alternative splicing and gene expression. (fu-berlin.de)
OBJECTIVE: We examine effective crude drugs, which cover at least one or two of Kampo, for the shortening effects on period length of clock gene expression rhythm, and reveal the mechanism of shortening effects. (bvsalud.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved regulators of mammalian gene expression in development, immunity and pathophysiologic processes during inflammation and infection, including Chlamydia infection. (cdc.gov)

Interestingly, in addition daily circadian cycles, many organisms also display physiological cycles repeating twice a day. (cyagen.com)
Studies in cyanobacteria, however, changed our view of the clock mechanism, since it was found by Kondo and colleagues that these single-cell organisms could maintain accurate 24-hour timing in the absence of transcription, i.e. there was no requirement for a transcription-translation autoregulatory feedback loop for rhythms. (wikipedia.org)
The physiological properties of most organisms, from cyanobacteria to human, display a circadian (Latin circa dies , or 'about a day') pattern of activity, which is regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. (bioone.org)
The circadian clock allows organisms to anticipate periodic changes in environmental circumstance and to change their physiological status accordingly. (bioone.org)
The circadian clock is an evolutionarily, highly conserved feature of most organisms. (researchgate.net)
Numerous organisms are equipped with circadian clocks (internal body clocks) that help them adapt to daily environmental changes in light and temperature. (phys.org)
A decade later, Dr. Takahashi's cloning of CLOCK bridged a gap between the insect discoveries and understanding that circadian rhythms play a vital role in more complex organisms as well. (utsouthwestern.edu)
The circadian rhythm, also sometimes referred to as the circadian clock, is a biochemical mechanism that allows living organisms to sync their sleep-wake cycle to the 24-hour cycle of a day . (zmescience.com)

Sik3 -/- mice also exhibited other circadian abnormalities, including lengthening of the period, impaired entrainment to the light-dark cycle, phase variation in locomotor activities, and aberrant physiological rhythms. (elifesciences.org)
It is not, however, clear precisely what signal (or signals) enacts principal entrainment to the many biochemical clocks contained in tissues throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that the rhodospin gene is expressed in the retina and brain and mediates not only visual but also nonvisual functions such as photoperiodism and entrainment of the circadian clock. (bioone.org)
Kosaku Masuda et al, Singularity response reveals entrainment properties in mammalian circadian clock, Nature Communications (2023). (phys.org)

In vertebrates, the master circadian clock is contained within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a bilateral nerve cluster of about 20,000 neurons. (wikipedia.org)
This research proposes to adapt new approaches based on oral cocaine self-administration delivery regimens to explore for the first time how self-administered cocaine alters the timekeeping functions of the master circadian clock of the SCN. (kent.edu)

This alters exposure to the regular photoperiod ical studies of night shift work and cancer since and may disrupt circadian rhythms in humans. (who.int)
Shift work has been shown to disrupt circadian rhythms and is associated with several adverse health outcomes and chronic diseases such as cancer, gastrointestinal and psychiatric diseases and disorders. (cdc.gov)

This group discovered circadian rhythms in redox proteins (peroxiredoxins) in cells that lacked a nucleus - human red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)

The basic molecular mechanisms of the biological clock have been defined in vertebrate species, Drosophila melanogaster, plants, fungi, bacteria, and presumably also in Archaea. (wikipedia.org)
Evidence for a genetic basis of circadian rhythms in higher eukaryotes began with the discovery of the period (per) locus in Drosophila melanogaster from forward genetic screens completed by Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. (wikipedia.org)
These participate in transcriptional/translational feedback loops and many homologous clock-components in the fruit fly Drosophila are also expressed in mammalian clock tissues with circadian rhythms. (bioone.org)
Thanks to the unparalleled genetic tools of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , all key components of the clock seemed to be identified, most of them during a two-decade period from ~1990-2010. (cas.cz)
What Is There Left to Learn about the Drosophila Clock? (cshlpress.com)
Using it, the duo looked into the neural activity in the circadian clock of fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) while they were exposed to heat and cold. (zmescience.com)

Disruption of the circadian timing system arising from travel between time zones ("jet lag") and rotational shift work impairs mental and physical performance and severely compromises long-term health. (jneurosci.org)
Circadian disruption is more severe during adaptation to advances in local time, because the circadian clock takes much longer to phase advance than delay. (jneurosci.org)
Adopting a novel transgenic approach, they will also determine whether the serotonin transporter is a central target of cocaine's disruption of circadian timekeeping. (kent.edu)
For Volume 124, the scope of the system- cancer in humans and cancer in experimental atic review encompassed a comprehensive animals formed the basis of the Working Group's search of the literature, focusing on an agent evaluation of "shift work that involves circadian name reflecting variations on "night shift work", disruption" as Group 2A. (who.int)

Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3 -knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3 -overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, SIK3 plays key roles in circadian rhythms by facilitating phosphorylation-dependent PER2 destabilization, either directly or indirectly. (elifesciences.org)
It allows direct monitoring of molecular rhythms of the protein PER2 as a real-time reporter of circadian gene dynamics. (molvis.org)
While simulating the PER2 mutation, they found that circadian oscillations could only be sustained in the presence of molecular noise. (scienceagogo.com)
C57BL/6J mice) to evaluate the effect of crude drugs on the period length of core clock gene, Per2, expression rhythm by chronic treatment (six days) with distilled water or crude drugs (100 µg/mL). (bvsalud.org)

Circadian oscillators are ubiquitous in tissues of the body where they are synchronized by both endogenous and external signals to regulate transcriptional activity throughout the day in a tissue-specific manner. (wikipedia.org)
We knew in the field that the circadian clock that is present in multiple tissues in the body is important for driving a majority of rhythmic gene expressions. (tamu.edu)
Luc) provides a powerful tool to study the regulation of biological clocks in explant tissues, including the retinal clock. (molvis.org)

During the last five years, enormous progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of circadian systems, mainly by molecular genetic studies using the mouse and fly. (bioone.org)

2021 ) Reversible modulation of circadian time with chronophotopharmacology. (academictree.org)

Our data show that ethanol treatment in hamsters and mice blocks the synchronizing action of light in the clock mechanism. (kent.edu)
The mechanism of cocaine action in the circadian system is not understood. (kent.edu)

Reply to: Is BMAL1 Just One Song Impacting the Circadian Dance of Lung Injury? (achim-kramer-lab.de)
PERs and CRYs form heterodimeric complexes that translocate into the nucleus where they inhibit BMAL1-CLOCK transcriptional activity, thus constituting the negative feedback loop [ 6 ]. (aging-us.com)
In other words, the PER/CRY complex inhibits its own expression, allowing for reactivation of BMAL1/CLOCK leading to rhythmic expression with a periodicity of 24 hours. (aging-us.com)

With evolutionary origins likely extending as far back as circatidal clocks in invertebrates, human 12-hour cycles have important implications for health and disease, and much more still needs to be learned. (cyagen.com)
We show that circadian cycles of mPer expression in the mouse SCN react rapidly to an advance in the lighting schedule, whereas rhythmic mCry1 expression advances more slowly, in parallel to the gradual resetting of the activity-rest cycle. (jneurosci.org)
Circadian misalignment is the consequence of desynchronization, or alterations in the timing and rhythm of the physiological cycles, that in turn, superimpose incompatible biochemical processes. (concordia.ca)

This 24-hour "clock" influences many physiological processes, and has a well-understood biochemical basis elucidated by the work of many researchers over the past few decades. (cyagen.com)
Instead of pocket watches or cell phones, they use intracellular molecular clocks to anticipate the daily recurring changes and adjust their activity, metabolism, and biochemical processes to a 24-hour day/night regime. (cas.cz)
To simulate the random nature of the biochemical interactions of the mammalian circadian clock, Forger and Peskin tracked the changes in the integer numbers of each type of molecule of the system as these biochemical reactions occur. (scienceagogo.com)

The SCN maintains control across the body by synchronizing "slave oscillators", which exhibit their own near-24-hour rhythms and control circadian phenomena in local tissue. (wikipedia.org)

In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" in fruit flies. (wikipedia.org)
Circadian clocks often adjust animals' physiology through various hormones and neuropeptides. (cas.cz)
Thus, the novel role we describe for TAIMAN in insects may have a counterpart in mammalian physiology. (cas.cz)

In the course of investigating metabolic defects in Sik3 -deficient mice ( Sik3 -/- ), we observed that circadian rhythmicity of the metabolisms was phase-delayed. (elifesciences.org)
Importantly, TAIMAN is related to the mammalian SRC-2 protein, which is involved in regulating circadian clock machinery in mice ( Mus musculus ). (cas.cz)

Last month, the Nobel Foundation recognized Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael Young "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" 1 . (cyagen.com)
Circadian clocks are the central mechanisms that drive circadian rhythms. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the mechanisms of the central clock seem to be conserved across animal kingdom. (bioone.org)
at the cellular level they will identify the neurotransmitter pathways and transmitter reuptake mechanisms that mediate cocaine's disruptive effects on clock function. (kent.edu)
Since the previous "transmeridian travel", or "circadian disrup- evaluation, new data have become available for tion", and standardized terms for each of the these areas and for carcinogen mechanisms, and relevant outcomes (cancer and mechanisms). (who.int)

Most obviously, coastal animals possess a powerful "circatidal clock", which oscillated with the 12.4-hour ebb and flow of the tides, influencing locomotion, metabolism, and many other physiological processes 2 . (cyagen.com)
Cretenet G, Le Clech M, Gachon F. Circadian clock-coordinated 12 Hr period rhythmic activation of the IRE1alpha pathway controls lipid metabolism in mouse liver. (cyagen.com)
Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling controls cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism in dividing cells. (concordia.ca)
Changes in sleep and alterations in circadian timing over the lifespan impact a wide variety of physiological systems, including those that play an important role modulating weight, metabolism, inflammation, and cardiovascular functioning. (concordia.ca)
DALLAS - Dec. 5, 2017 - Circadian rhythms affect some of the most crucial functions in the human body, from sleep and mental health to metabolism and defending against deadly diseases such as cancer. (utsouthwestern.edu)

See section "regulation of circadian oscillators" below for more details. (wikipedia.org)

The neurons that regulate the body's circadian clock use thermoreceptors to keep tabs on temperatures outside the body, and use the readings to determine when it's time for a nap. (zmescience.com)
Fruit flies were used for the study because the neurons that govern their circadian clocks are strikingly similar to those in humans. (zmescience.com)
It looks like clock neurons are able to get the temperature information from external thermoreceptors, and that information is being used to time sleep in the fly in a way that's fundamentally the same as it is in humans," Shafer said. (zmescience.com)
The paper "Circadian clock neurons constantly monitor environmental temperature to set sleep timing" has been published in the journal Nature . (zmescience.com)

It arises from conflict between the entraining cycle of light and darkness and the temporal program of the clock ( Czeisler and Dijk, 1995 ) within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) ( Reppert and Weaver, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
The neural elements of the clock are confined to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus, which offers an anatomically-discrete model for studying integrative processes regulating specific aspects of circadian rhythms. (kent.edu)

Previous reports have suggested that protein kinases play important roles in the regulation of circadian clocks ( Reischl and Kramer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Haus E, Dumitriu L, Nicolau GY, Bologa S, Sackett-Lundeen L. Circadian rhythms of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cortisol, and melatonin in women with breast cancer. (cyagen.com)
Using hybrid/integrative modeling, involving multiple experimental and computational methods, we have been able provide mechanistic insights into the role of cryptochromes a core clock protein, in regulating circadian period length, thus directly relating protein structure and dynamics to in vitro and in vivo experimental observations [1]. (imsc.res.in)
In the mammalian system the transcription of the cell cycle regulatory protein Wee1 is controlled by the circadian clock. (dagstuhl.de)
Our recent study in PLOS Genetics shows, for the first time in insects, that the protein TAIMAN is a new modulator of the circadian clock. (cas.cz)

CONTEXT: The mammalian circadian clock system regulates physiological function. (bvsalud.org)

New York University researchers have developed a model of the intra-cellular mammalian biological clock that reveals how the rapid interaction of molecules with DNA produces reliable 24-hour rhythms. (scienceagogo.com)
A conditional Smg6 mutant mouse model reveals circadian clock regulation through the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. (achim-kramer-lab.de)

Biological clocks control our day/night cycle, producing proteins in the brain and muscle that affect sleep, and by extension various aspects of mental health. (utsouthwestern.edu)

Alternative methods for identifying and quantifying circadian rhythmicity preserve salient nuances of continuously recorded time series data. (concordia.ca)

Isoform-selective regulation of mammalian cryptochromes. (imsc.res.in)
D. Ono, S. Honma and K. Honma, Cryptochromes are critical for the development of coherent circadian rhythms in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. (atto.co.jp)

Together, these results demonstrate that mTOR is a key regulator of SCN circadian clock synchrony and olfaction. (concordia.ca)

The circadian clock is intertwined with most cellular metabolic processes and it is affected by organism aging. (wikipedia.org)
Since sleep problems are linked to the development of of alcoholism, it is important to understand the neural processes that contribute to ethanol-associated effects in the circadian clock. (kent.edu)
Circadian rhythms are important during each lifestage for the regulation of processes that may influence the development of these disorders. (concordia.ca)

Without the rapidity of molecular interactions within these cells, the precision of the biological clock would be lost. (scienceagogo.com)

these hormones enter the circulatory system, and induce clock-driven effects throughout the organism. (wikipedia.org)
thus, this non-image forming system may also affect several aspects of mammalian health independently from the circadian system. (researchgate.net)
of mammalian health independently from the circadian system. (researchgate.net)
The second aim is to study the effects of ethanol on the circadian timing system. (kent.edu)
Known cellular targets of ethanol include the glutamatergic signaling system, which is critical for synchronizing the clock to the environment. (kent.edu)
Finally, we use an atlas of transcription data in a mammalian circadian system to illustrate how the method can be used for discovery in the context of large complex networks. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple studies have linked late-night shift work to higher rates of cancer, suggesting that altered circadian rhythms can be detrimental to the body's immune system. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Shafer adds that the circadian system creates a daily rhythm in temperature which is an important cue for when nap time comes around. (zmescience.com)
As the clock ticks nearer to wakefulness, our circadian system warms the body up. (zmescience.com)

The normal body clock oscillates with an endogenous period of exactly 24 hours, it entrains, when it receives sufficient daily corrective signals from the environment, primarily daylight and darkness. (wikipedia.org)

2021 ) Photopharmacological Manipulation of Mammalian CRY1 for Regulation of the Circadian Clock. (academictree.org)

Suh and K. Kim, Identification and Validation of Cryptochrome Inhibitors That Modulate the Molecular Circadian Clock. (atto.co.jp)

Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 72nd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in biological clocks and rhythms. (cshlpress.com)
Scientists now know that biological clocks are everywhere in the body, not just in the brain. (utsouthwestern.edu)
It's not only light that tells our biological clocks it's time for bed -- temperature plays a role, too. (zmescience.com)

Much of that success will stem from a cascade of findings related to the CLOCK gene, the first mammalian gene controlling circadian rhythms that Dr. Takahashi discovered and cloned in the 1990s. (utsouthwestern.edu)
It has been rewarding to see how the CLOCK gene pathway impacts so many areas of biological function and their impact on biomedicine," said Dr. Takahashi, Chairman of Neuroscience at UT Southwestern Medical Center's Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute . (utsouthwestern.edu)

We studied, in particular, the liver in mammalian systems. (tamu.edu)

Understanding of circadian readjustment demands, therefore, an analysis of the molecular and cellular events during resetting. (jneurosci.org)
a Models of circadian rhythm and phase response at the cellular and population levels. (phys.org)

The transcription factor XBP1s seems to be the master regulator of the 12-hr clock 10 . (cyagen.com)

Moreover, this clock was reconstructed in a test tube (i.e., in the absence of any cell components), proving that accurate 24-hour clocks can be formed without the need for genetic feedback circuits. (wikipedia.org)

These results could be applied for developing therapeutic drugs for jet lag and circadian rhythm disorders. (phys.org)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that Polygalae Radix may be regarded as a new therapy for circadian rhythm disorder and that the CaMKII pathway may be regarded as a target pathway for circadian rhythm disorders. (bvsalud.org)

these changes are ubiquitous across cultures and mammalian species. (concordia.ca)

Colquhoun WP, Paine MW, Fort A. Circadian rhythm of body temperature during prolonged undersea voyages. (cyagen.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science6

Health Care1

Genes24

Pacemaker4

Mammals6

Behavior8

Oscillator3

Gene expression6

Organisms8

Entrainment4

Master circadian clock2

Disrupt circadian rhythms2

Discovered circadian rhythms1

Drosophila6

Disruption4

PER25

Tissues3

Basis of circadian1

Modulation of circadian1

Mechanism2

BMAL13

Cycles3

Biochemical3

Control circadian1

Physiology3

Mice2

Mechanisms5

Metabolism5

Oscillators1

Neurons4

Suprachiasmatic nuclei2

Protein5

Regulates physiological1

Reveals2

Proteins1

Rhythmicity1

Cryptochromes2

Olfaction1

Processes3

Cells1

System9

Endogenous1

Cry11

Modulate1

Biological Clocks3

Takahashi2

Liver1

Cellular2

Transcription1

Genetic1

Rhythm disorders2

Ubiquitous1

Body temperature1