• family Toga- er avian or mammalian species in habitats that pose greater viridae , genus Alphavirus ) is an arbovirus that causes risk for incidental hosts, such as humans and equids. (cdc.gov)
  • This work led to in vitro fertilization of eggs of humans and other mammalian species. (wikipedia.org)
  • subtypes 1 and 2) has been studied since 1996 but never studied in a fish species nor in the oocyte of any animal species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results clearly show, for the first time in any animal species, that rainbow trout PGMRC1 mRNA is present in the oocyte and has a strong expression in ovarian tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since then, the work of Wilmut and Campbell has been duplicated in many other animal species and has provided approaches to produce useful therapeutic products with cloned animals and to improve agricultural practices. (shawprize.org)
  • Interestingly, either kiss1 or kiss2 or both have been lost during evolution in many vertebrate species, and the functional significance of kiss1 or kiss2 for the central regulation of reproduction is suggested to vary according to the species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we argue that the steroid sensitivity of the kiss1 or kiss2 neurons has been well conserved during evolution among tetrapods and teleosts, and thus it may be the key to understanding the functional homologies of certain populations of kisspeptin ( kiss1 or kiss2 ) neurons among different species of vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, fewer studies exist on the non-mammalian kisspeptin, and somewhat contradictory results among different species appear to confuse general conclusions about the functions of kisspeptin, especially in teleosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, the kisspeptin neurons in certain brain nuclei show steroid sensitivity in all the animal species thus far examined across teleosts and tetrapods. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent literature on the kisspeptin of non-mammalian species suggests that the kiss1 and kiss2 systems may have undergone such evolutionary processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, orphan receptors similar to mammalian costimulatory receptors such as CD28 upon the T cell have been reported in fish species ( 6 , 7 ). (aai.org)
  • However, defined identification of APCs has yet to be achieved in lower vertebrates, including fish, due to a lack of basic knowledge of costimulatory ligands in such species. (aai.org)
  • Though smaller and less complex than that of humans, the rat brain is extremely useful as a subject of study because most regions of the brain are essentially the same among mammalian species. (microscopyu.com)
  • So is clear that this kind of vertebrates shows a great depending relationship between mother-progeny and we can say that these kinds of "animals species" are under a high constraint under an (behavioral, instinct, psychology, neurological aspect). (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • One possibility is that as cells use oxygen to fuel the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones to release energy, they also generate by-products called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • For more than a century amphibian species have been used as model organisms for the study of vertebrate development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Defensins and cathelicidins constitute the two major groups of antimicrobial peptides in most mammalian species. (vin.com)
  • In vitro studies of the metabolism of atrazine, simazine, and terbutryn in several vertebrate species. (cdc.gov)
  • On the other hand, it has been generally accepted in evolutionary biology that genes duplicated from a single gene in the ancestral vertebrate undergo sub-functionalization, neo-functionalization, or non-functionalization ( Ohno, 1970 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
  • this is aimed at information and mapping the genetic code and know-how the interplay of genes, mRNA and proteins, and the surroundings in causing illnesses.a few years in advance, the technologies of genomics covered DNA cloning, protein shape evaluation, DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, polymerase chain response to enlarge DNA and transgenic animals. (popstaffnx.info)
  • analyzing vertebrate and mammalian genomes can provide insightful statistics about the commonplace genes and gene law.Mass spectrophotometry is a beneficial approach for reading the chemical systems of molecules and compounds. (popstaffnx.info)
  • Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
  • The three mammalian genes encoding members of the caveolin family are similar in sequence (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Site-specific iterations of biological clues or cumulative issues Compared at other models in the F2 Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic thrive for using the solution of the processes of these cells and network or cycle proteins and Modelling interactions about sufficient capsids and genes of PPT sites. (scoutconnection.com)
  • Of the 5 dar genes that we have cloned so far, all five have mammalian homologues. (ucsf.edu)
  • 1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)
  • In lower vertebrates, steroid-induced oocyte maturation is considered to involve membrane-bound progestin receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This second type of steroid action has been proposed to be involved in steroid-induced oocyte maturation in lower vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite its importance, the evolutionary process of the T cell activation system via APCs remains poorly understood because of the lack of an effective model organism in lower vertebrates that could allow one to manipulate leukocytes and to use suitable markers for the identification of APCs. (aai.org)
  • Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two totally distinct classes of putative membrane-bound progestin receptors have been reported in vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent cloning and sequencing of a gene coding for a membranous progesterone receptor [ 5 ] in African clawed frog ( Xenopus laevis ) brought evidence for the existence of both intracellular and membrane progestin receptors [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • discuss the role of integrins in T cell- mediated immunity, with a focus on how these receptors participate in lymphocyte recirculation and T cell activation, how antigen stimulation regulates integrin activity, and how integrins define functionally unique subsets of T cells and APCs. (scielo.br)
  • Integrin receptors are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, serving as the final common pathway leading to aggregation via formation of platelet-platelet bridges, which are essential in thrombosis and haemostasis. (embl.de)
  • The fugu B7 molecules bound to activated T cells, indicating that putative B7 receptors were expressed upon T cells. (aai.org)
  • These observations indicate that fugu B7s regulate T cell responses via receptors upon T cells. (aai.org)
  • In vertebrates, the best characterized of the PRRs are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), of which a prototype is the interleukin-1 receptor. (vin.com)
  • These potent peptides, which fold into small, highly structured frameworks, largely target ion channels, either voltage- or ligand-gated receptors and transporters in excitable cells. (medscape.com)
  • Closer inspection revealed that infected cells contained very small amounts of coat protein despite an abundance of RNA2. (cnrs.fr)
  • Proteins containing CCCH Znf domains include Znf proteins from eukaryotes involved in cell cycle or growth phase-related regulation, e.g. human TIS11B (butyrate response factor 1), a probable regulatory protein involved in regulating the response to growth factors, and the mouse TTP growth factor-inducible nuclear protein, which has the same function. (embl.de)
  • Identification of four CCCH zinc finger proteins in Xenopus, including a novel vertebrate protein with four zinc fingers and severely restricted expression. (embl.de)
  • The cDNA of Danio rerio pol β encodes a protein of 337 amino acids, which is 2-3 amino acids longer than other pol β proteins, and contains a P63D amino acid substitution, unlike mammalian pol βs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complete blood cell count, C-reactive protein measurement and IgM and IgG detection were performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our studies are the first to show that an extracellular mucin-like protein plays an important role in animal osmoregulation in a manner that requires the activity of a novel transmembrane protein. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol, etc), which are non-ionic solutes that can be accumulated to high (100s of mM) concentrations without affecting cell structure and/or protein function [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • Now, Guo and García have revealed that a protein called SIR-2.1, which regulates metabolism in worms, also helps to protect the animals from the effects of aging. (elifesciences.org)
  • Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) has greater protein-sequence similarity to Cav-1 than to Cav-2, but it is expressed mainly in muscle cells, including smooth, skeletal, and cardiac myocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, VIP21 was isolated as an integral membrane protein component of transport vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, suggesting that Cav-1/VTP21 may have a role in molecular trafficking as well as oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vast arrays of vertebrate and invertebrate creatures can envenomate humans. (medscape.com)
  • Danio rerio (zebrafish) has long been used as a model organism in the fields of molecular genetics and developmental biology of vertebrates [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In an effort to identify elusive regulators of nephron segmentation, our lab conducted a high-throughput drug screen using a bioactive chemical library and developing zebrafish, which are a conserved vertebrate model and particularly conducive to large-scale screening approaches. (mdpi.com)
  • A complex expression pattern of ESRRs during animal development seems to be consistent with the potential roles for ESRRa during appropriate developmental programs of tissues and organs in mouse and zebrafish 9 . (nature.com)
  • In this report, we used the zebrafish model to examine the role of esrra in cartilage development during vertebrate embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • The role of DNA methylation on sexual determination and development in zebrafish germ cells. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • However, there is now a growing body of evidence to suggest that kiss2 , the paralogous gene for kiss1 , evolved in parallel during vertebrate lineage, and the kiss2 product also activates the GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor) signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • To counteract decreases in cell volume caused by hypertonic conditions, cells restore volume through the rapid accumulation of ions and water via the activation of various plasma membrane ion conductance pathways [2] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Observing vertebrates evolutionary in mammalian are present characteristic pathways involved in progenytake care in first period after birth. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Using an observational approach from biomedical and scientific literature in PubMed is possible to verify the Neuro-pharmacolgical pathways involved in some mammalian behavior and instinct and in addiction condition. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • T cells have been recently identified by using key molecular markers such as CD4 and CD8 ( 4 , 5 ). (aai.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms of animal cell osmoregulation are poorly understood. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Molecular cloning and characterization of dTAFII30a and dTAFII30ß: two small subunits of Drosophila TFIID. (uci.edu)
  • Numb provided a starting point for the study of asymmetric cell division in Drosophila and vertebrates and led to considerable insight into the molecular basis of asymmetric cell division. (ucsf.edu)
  • To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority published the consultation piece Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research, in 2007. (asu.edu)
  • When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
  • The role of ESRRs during animal development may also be linked to metabolic regulation by which developing embryos meet their high energy demand for growth. (nature.com)
  • The so-called "testis" in an adult animal is a receptacle of cells from larval males. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
  • SSCs are adult-tissue stem cells in the mammalian testis that balance self renewing and differentiating fate decisions to give rise to and sustain the entire spermatogenic lineage. (utsa.edu)
  • He was one of few who began to study the process and mechanisms of mammalian fertilization using in vitro fertilization technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • Attempts were then made to show that mammalian cells - and human cells in particular - could also be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state, because it is believed that such knowledge may advance our understanding of developmental mechanisms, and yield new approaches for disease treatment. (shawprize.org)
  • In response to alterations in tonicity, virtually all cells activate mechanisms to regulate cell water and solute content [1] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The study of amphibian embryogenesis has provided important insight into the mechanisms of vertebrate development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Hsieh laboratory is a neural stem cell biology laboratory that focuses on 4 major areas: (1) epilepsy-in-a-dish, (2) 3D cerebral organoids, (3) patient recruitment, and (4) mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. (utsa.edu)
  • These models are the Mechanisms of Inorganic of using C31 cells in Eukaryotic sites for diameter and transfection of same p+2K+1× as they have solid importance on the nucleoside of regression conserved to irreversible data. (scoutconnection.com)
  • The joint Mechanisms of Inorganic and FY527( solution response indirect recombination set), been to Leu+ by poorsocial line with transformation, was understood by Mammalian class. (scoutconnection.com)
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RESEARCH broad host preferences--mammalian, avian, and reptilian gust 2009. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high crow viremia allows for higher genetic diversity within individual avian peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), reasoning that this could have produced the previously observed host-specific differences in genetic diversity and fitness. (cdc.gov)
  • During the development of vertebrates, including humans, the fertilized egg develops into the embryo, and the cells in the embryo then proceed to differentiate to form somatic cells of different tissues and organs. (shawprize.org)
  • review the heterogeneity of the current models for memory T cells generation and maintenance in humans and mice. (scielo.br)
  • This laboratory pursues several lines of investigation to understand how T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases and protection from infection, and how to modulate T cell immunity for therapeutic purposes in humans. (utsa.edu)
  • They occur in two forms: one that is attached to a B cell , and the other, a soluble form, that is unattached and found in extracellular fluids such as blood plasma . (wikipedia.org)
  • Organisms usually contain large numbers of sphingolipid subspecies (for a pathway based compilation, see www.sphingomap.org) and knowledge about the types and amounts is imperative because they influence membrane structure, interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, vesicular traffic and the formation of specialized structures such as phagosomes and autophagosomes, as well as participate in intracellular and extracellular signaling. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Efficient recognition of foreign pathogens by T cells requires adhesive interactions between T cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and with components of the extracellular matrix. (scielo.br)
  • Mammalian cells proteolytically release (shed) the extracellular domains of many cell-surface proteins. (embl.de)
  • Transgenic frogs that express the enzyme in the germline can be bred with animals harboring a transposon substrate to generate double transgenic lines where remobilization will occur in the germline in subsequent generations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • Student projects in my lab will revolve around cell-fate decisions in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC). (utsa.edu)
  • Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They further created a sheep called Polly in which they showed that it was possible to incorporate a human gene into the donor's DNA before cloning, thus indicating that it may be possible to use animals to produce human proteins for the benefit of mankind. (shawprize.org)
  • Organic osmolytes accumulation is mediated by metabolic biosynthesis or transport into the cell via specialized organic osmolyte transporter proteins [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This allows explanted cells to survive in simple salt solutions for several days and enables study of isolated embryonic tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As will be argued below, the non-mammalian kisspeptin systems show a wealth of diversity of gene expression ( kiss1 and/or kiss2 ) pattern in the brain and dynamic changes in expression according to the sex steroid milieu. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present study we examined the relationship between ceramide, ceramide metabolites and expression of the MDR1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Exposure of cells to either octanoic acid (C8:0), a C8-ceramide hydrolysis product, or oleic acid (C18:1) did not affect MDR1 expression. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • These data are the first evidence that chronic exposure to ceramide and its metabolites enhances expression of the MDR phenotype in cancer cells. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • KRX cells were preferred because of their reduced propensity for leaky expression of pol β. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fugu B7-H1/DC inhibited T cell proliferation concomitant with increasing levels of both IL-10 and IFN-γ expression, whereas both B7-H3 and B7-H4 promoted T cell growth following IL-2 induction and the suppression of IL-10. (aai.org)
  • A less time-to-event epub neue technologien im gesundheitswesen rahmenbedingungen und akteure is the principal overall post cell which is in implementing that a computational model 0201D successfully provides the Expression between the joint fork article and the copy of the extent. (naturheilpraxis-gisbert-fussek.de)
  • Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that ESRRa is essential for cartilage development by regulating sox9 expression during vertebrate development. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
  • FHV is conveniently propagated in Drosophila melanogaster cells but can also be grown in mammalian cells. (cnrs.fr)
  • Similar to the majority of vertebrate neurons, the Drosophila da neurons show clear dendrite vs. axon polarity including the orientations of microtubules (MT). It is well known from numerous studies in various organisms that MT cytoskeleton plays a major role for the proper establishment and maintenance of neuronal architecture. (ucsf.edu)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1995, they produced a pair of lambs called Megan and Morag from embryonic cells. (shawprize.org)
  • They performed nuclear transfer experiments in which nuclei from embryonic, foetal and adult cells of the sheep were transplanted into fertilized eggs derived from ewes. (shawprize.org)
  • Mammalian chimeras are valuable for studying early embryonic development. (asu.edu)
  • So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
  • In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
  • Several features of amphibian embryonic life make these animals useful as models for studying early developmental events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fourth, each cell of the developing frog embryo contains yolk platelets that provide nutrition during prefeeding stages of embryonic life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1997, his laboratory at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa successfully cloned mice using the Honolulu technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • In July 1998, Yanagimachi's team published work in Nature on cloning mice from adult cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice cloned by the Honolulu technique were displayed at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, and the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a very interesting review, P. MARRACK & J. KAPPLER focus on naïve, activated, and memory T cells survival separately, and discuss experiments done in vitro and in mice lacking or containing normal populations of lymphocytes. (scielo.br)
  • Throughout his career he has made numerous, fundamental contributions to our understanding of mammalian fertilization and to the development of assisted fertilization technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) which are widely used today in human infertility clinics throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, seroprevalence data ( 5 ) support ics (20%-25% nt sequence divergence), phylogenetic and their susceptibility to infection and warrant consideration evolutionary patterns, epidemiology, human pathogenic- of their potential to serve as vertebrate hosts during epi- zootic transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • This advance may be used to produce many infertile animals for use in research on human infertility. (wikipedia.org)
  • The scientists honoured by the 2008 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine used different approaches to reprogramme an adult cell into the totipotent or pluripotent state, and in doing so made important contributions to potential new approaches to improve agriculture practices and to treat human diseases. (shawprize.org)
  • Four wild-type (drug-sensitive) human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D,MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435) were used to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic exposure to ceramide and ceramide metabolites on MDR1 mRNA,P-gp, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • In 2007, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in London, UK, published Hybrids and Chimeras: A Report on the Findings of the Consultation, which summarized a public debate about research on, and suggested policy for, human animal chimeras. (asu.edu)
  • Amazingly, the first human cancer gene was cloned only thirty years ago. (jcancer.org)
  • Graham, F .L. and van der Eb, A. J. (1973) Transformation of rat cells by DNA of human adenovirus 5. (thermofisher.com)
  • The high-throughput - next generation sequencing (HT-NGS) technologies are currently the hottest topic in the field of human and animals genomics researches, which can produce over 100 times more data compared to the most sophisticated capillary sequencers based on the Sanger method. (springer.com)
  • During this period, tremendous success has been achieved in the fields of decoding of human genome, technological advancement of new era of human genome applications, toward personalized genomes and discovery of rare variants, leveraging genome sequencing to impact on cancer researches and mammalian evolution and population structure. (springer.com)
  • This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We started with the earliest steps in neural development (neurogenesis and neuronal cell fate specification) and gradually worked our way toward later steps (neuronal morphogenesis and the assembly of a functional neuronal circuit). (ucsf.edu)
  • Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Starting from the evolutionary of vertebrates is possible to verify that mammalians vs. reptile in example show a great characteristic in cooperative behavior, maternal instinct, high mother depending of progeny and other relevant aspects. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Breastfeed imply a prolactin and dopaminergic involvement as well as oxytocin, and is an evolutionary advantage towards other vertebrates. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The complexity of the sphingolipidome is hard to imagine, but one hopes that, when partnered with other systems biology approaches, the causes and consequences of the complexity will explain how these intriguing compounds are involved in almost every aspect of cell behavior and the malfunctions of many diseases. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • The Yanagimachi laboratory and his former associates continued to make advances in cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2004 the laboratory participated in the cloning of an infertile male mouse. (wikipedia.org)
  • In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by the problematic technique of nuclear transfer. (microscopyu.com)
  • Laboratory Animal Science 39: 16-20. (uci.edu)
  • In the present review, we will first introduce recent advances in the study of steroid sensitive kiss1 and kiss2 systems in vertebrates and effects of peptide administrations in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • alpha, beta, theta (circle w/horizontal line)] Mammalian defensins are endogenous cysteine-rich peptide antibiotics classically produced either by epithelial cells of the respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts, or by circulating cells including granulocytes and macrophages. (vin.com)
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the B cell system protective memory is mediated by plasma cells that secrete antibodies, whereas reactive memory is mediated by memory B cells that proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells in response to secondary antigenic stimulation. (scielo.br)
  • Cell volume is one of the most aggressively defended homeostatic set points in biology. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This was the first discovery of sperm chemotaxis in vertebrate animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The invention consists of compositions and methods using low density lipoprotein to reduce agglutination and improve the health of sex-sorted sperm cells. (onscope.com)
  • In mammals, APCs induce adaptive immunity that in turn activates T cell responses ( 1 ). (aai.org)
  • Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
  • Chimeras are organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct cell lines. (asu.edu)
  • In living organisms, if the temperature exceeds the normal range (thermo-neutral zone), it disturbs the normal physiological functioning and induces cell injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • The fertilized egg is considered totipotent, as it can develop into a whole organism, while the cells in the embryo are pluripotent because they are capable of differentiating into somatic cells that make up all the organs. (shawprize.org)
  • A dose-effect curve may be obtained at the level of the whole organism, the cell or the target molecule. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
  • 11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • However, in earlier studies, clonal analysis was restricted by the lack of a cell marker, present at all times, that makes a distinction between the two parental cell types in situ. (asu.edu)
  • Half a century ago, it was found by John Gurdon that this developmental clock can be reversed, and that differentiated somatic cells in a frog model could regain their pluripotency or totipotency. (shawprize.org)
  • Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
  • They conclude that although armed with highly distinct effector functions, there are many parallels between the T cell and B cell components of the immune response and their conversion into memory. (scielo.br)
  • In fish, a variety of specific immune responses such as acute allograft rejection indicate that T cells are involved in these immune activities in a similar manner to those of mammals ( 3 ). (aai.org)
  • and a variety of other immune cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cellular immunology, T cell immunity, autoimmune diseases: The immune system plays a fundamental role in the defense against microbial pathogens. (utsa.edu)
  • provides an overview of the dynamic in vivo life of NK cells from their development in the bone marrow to their mature cellular responses in the periphery and their ultimate demise, with emphasis on mouse NK cells and viral infections. (scielo.br)
  • However, more direct evidence using an animal model is necessary to demonstrate the in vivo role of ESRRa in chondrocyte development. (nature.com)
  • In doing so, we hope to uncover evolutionarily conserved core programs that control different steps of neural development in animals. (ucsf.edu)
  • The first mouse born was named Cumulina, after the cumulus cells whose nuclei were used to clone her. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that memory T lymphocytes contain distinct populations of central memory (T CM cells) and effector memory (T EM ) cells characterized by distinct homing capacity and effector function. (scielo.br)
  • Using animal models, the lab uses sophisticated tools to evaluate the evolution of stress-induced alterations in the activity of discrete neural populations and circuits. (utsa.edu)
  • Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) populations exist as mutant swarms that are maintained between arthropods and vertebrates. (cdc.gov)
  • We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), 4 monocytes/macrophages, and B cells have been identified as major professional APCs ( 1 , 2 ). (aai.org)
  • These developed HT-NGS strategies addressed our anticipated future needs of throughput sequncing and cost, in a way which enabled its potential multitude of current and future applications in mammalian genomic research. (springer.com)
  • My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
  • As cloning techniques are perfected, rats likely will become an important subject of genetic research. (microscopyu.com)
  • The mechanism and function of heterochromatin disruption in FSHD muscular dystrophy is another area of research, in which we perform single cell/nucleus analyses to isolate and characterize a small number of disease-driving cells and are developing 3D and tissue on a chip to measure intrinsic defects of FSHD and CRISPR-engineered mutant myocytes. (uci.edu)
  • This research was supported by Core Funding to AG at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom (U.1426.00.004.00001.01). (plos.org)
  • Our research team is interested in understanding how stressors impact aquatic animals, both in the short and long term. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • In mammals, professional APCs induce adaptive immunity via the activation of T cells. (aai.org)
  • During this process, B7 family molecules present upon APCs are known to play crucial roles in optimal T cell stimulation. (aai.org)
  • In contrast, the confirmation of APCs in a nonmammalian vertebrate has yet to be achieved. (aai.org)
  • These APCs capture and process Ags and then present the processed antigenic peptides upon MHC molecules to the T cells. (aai.org)
  • Subsequently, the APCs activate T cells with costimulatory molecules upon the APCs ( 1 ). (aai.org)
  • The reproductive systems of mammalian males contain a component called the epididymis. (microscopyu.com)
  • They pioneered a new technique of starving embryo cells before transferring their nucleus to fertilized egg cells. (shawprize.org)
  • One of the live-born lambs, Dolly, was derived from the transplantation of the nucleus of an adult mammary cell. (shawprize.org)
  • cells for allogeneic transplantation without immunosuppression 6,153,428 .alpha. (europeanstrokenetwork.eu)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mammalian pol β is a single polypeptide of 39 kDa, comprising 335 amino acids forming two domains: an 8 kDa N-terminal domain and a 31 kDa C-terminal domain, connected with a protease-hypersensitive hinge region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, we infected cells and birds with a molecularly barcoded WNV and sequenced viral RNA from single cells to quantify the number of WNV barcodes in each. (cdc.gov)