Mammalian cells regulation of microtubule nucleation of microtubule. Medical search. Frequent questions

In mitosis, +TIPs allocate microtubule addition and promote dynamical regulation at mitotic kinetochores. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, the implication that the active form of Ran is concentrated in the vicinity of chromosomes suggests that these findings may resolve the long-standing question of how chromosomes can influence spindle assembly in the absence of microtubule-nucleating organelles (i.e., as in plant mitosis or mammalian meiosis). (silverchair.com)
EB1-null cells also exhibit decreased adhesion during mitosis. (biologists.com)
Downregulation of PI3K-C2β delays mitosis progression in PC3 and HeLa cells, resulting in reduced ability to form colonies in clonogenic assays in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Remarkably, despite the high turnover of microtubules throughout mitosis 2 , the spindle maintains its bipolar structure with the chromosomes at its center and two poles that are separated by the plane of cell division. (nature.com)

Moreover, PI3K/Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the two detrimental signaling pathways that control autophagy. (springeropen.com)

Microtubule plus-end/positive-end tracking proteins or +TIPs are a type of microtubule associated protein (MAP) which accumulate at the plus ends of microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
Biology portal Microtubules Microtubule associated protein Proteins Mitotic spindle Tubulin Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinetochores Centrosomes F-actin Akhmanova, Anna (2005). (wikipedia.org)
We also find that the microtubule end-binding protein EB1 is required to restrict SCAR localisation and direct migration. (biologists.com)
In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
Maturation (elongation, curvature, and closure) is regulated via ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, which regulate LC3 (also known as Atg8/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 [LC3]-I/II). (baxkyardgardener.com)
Wischhof L, Adhikari A, Mondal M, Marsal-Cots A, Biernat J, Mandelkow EM , Mandelkow E , Ehninger D, Nicotera P, Bano D. Unbiased proteomic profiling reveals the IP3R modulator AHCYL1/IRBIT as a novel interactor of microtubule-associated protein tau. (neurotree.org)
In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of the current study was to determine if inhibition of protein synthesis caused by silvestrol triggers autophagy and apoptosis in cultured human cancer cells derived from solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Silvestrol-mediated cell death was attenuated in ATG7-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking a functional autophagy protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is a crucial protein complex that plays an important role in DNA damage response (DDR), including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (molcells.org)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
This joint symposium entitled "Advancing Biotechnology through Multidisciplinary Approaches" brings together experts in various fields of biotechnology to discuss the latest developments and emerging trends in the integration of bioinformatics, genetics, imaging, and protein engineering to understand single cells and complex tissues. (oist.jp)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
The exact function of aSyn remains unclear, but it is known to be associated with vesicles and membranes, and to have an impact on important cellular functions such as intracellular trafficking and protein degradation systems, leading to cellular pathologies that can be readily studied in cell-based models. (biomedcentral.com)
The NAMPT protein manifestation in siRNA-treated cells was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) is a key signaling protein in cell metabolism, and serine/threonine kinase (Akt) is the primary target molecule downstream of PI3K. (springeropen.com)

We classify them as kinetochore (KMTs), spindle (SMTs) or astral microtubules (AMTs) according to their positions, and quantify distinct properties of each class. (nature.com)

Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
More than a decade later, sustained proliferation was still considered as, arguably, the main feature of cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The present invention relates to diagnosing abnormal cell proliferation in biological samples and screening for drugs which inhibit, reduce or abolish cell growth, especially tumorigenic cell growth, by detecting a phosphovariant isoform of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor biomarker, such as the novel GEF-H1S. (justia.com)
When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)
Thus, existing techniques and current knowledge have not used nor addressed the interactions of GEF-H1 with other proteins as a means by which cell proliferation can be controlled or the detection and treatment of cancerous, tumorigenic cells and tissues be developed. (justia.com)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
They are endowed with GTP hydrolytic activity, mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility, but also involved in cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell proliferation was decided using MTT assay, while apoptosis was analyzed with circulation cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
or gene silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in RPMI 8226 cells ( (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
We decellularized the metastatic lung sections, measured the micromechanics of the tumor ECM, and stained the sections for ECM proteins, proliferation, and cell death markers. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Other classes of +TIPs include the cytoskeleton-associated proteins which are known for their glycine rich domain and a special conserved hydrophobic cavity which permits them to confer interactions with microtubules and EB proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In all spindles, the microtubule cytoskeleton connects to chromosomes via a special class of microtubules called kinetochore microtubules (KMTs). (nature.com)
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)

TIPs have been known for an extravagant accumulation by the centrosomes and other structural organizing centers of cells. (wikipedia.org)
While our light microscopy and mutant studies show that microtubules are nucleated from the centrosomes, we find only a few KMTs directly connected to the centrosomes. (nature.com)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosomes were first described at the end of the 19th century by Theodor Boveri who had also the intuition of their central role in cell life [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosomes are animal-specific non-membranous organelles that localize in close proximity to the cell nucleus for the duration of interphase. (biomedcentral.com)
In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)
The number of centrosomes within a cell is strictly controlled [ 5 ] (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Current Opinion in Cell Biology. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell biology approaches, combined with the superb genetics of yeast, have advanced our understanding to CME. (biorxiv.org)
The 19th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences celebrated a breakthrough in cell biology: how membrane-less cellular compartments are formed. (hymanlab.org)

TIPs can bind microtubule ends to the cell cortex by colliding to plasma membrane-associated proteins or in the case of some +TIPs, directly to the actin fiber. (wikipedia.org)
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
The activation of the PtdIns3K complex (Beclin-1, Vps34, and Vps 15), Vps, is an essential step in phagophore assembly (membrane nucleation). (baxkyardgardener.com)
During CME, cells deform the plasma membrane locally and subsequently pinch off a vesicle into the cytoplasm. (biorxiv.org)
We then discuss genetic pathways that modulate the speed of neuronal aging concordant with alteration in life span, such as insulin signaling, as well as cell-autonomous factors that promote neuronal integrity during senescence, including membrane activity and JNK/MAPK signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Dynamics and regulation of clathrin coats at specialized endocytic zones of dendrites and spines. (sdbonline.org)

In addition to the basic known functions of +TIPs, the proteins are crucial for the linkages between microtubule ends and other cellular structures. (wikipedia.org)
Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)
These cells contain stacks of structures called sarcomeres that enable the cells to contract and generate the force required for movement. (elifesciences.org)
Cells exert traction forces on the ECM and generate tension at focal adhesions through actin stress fibers , which are higher-order structures in the cytoplasm that consist of parallel contractile bundles of actin and myosin filaments. (mechanobio.info)
Cells possess cilia, which are hair-like structures that modulate and sense the extracellular environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, +TIPs aid in advocating organization of specialized microtubule arrays (an oft-cited example being the discrete arrangement of bipolar microtubule bundles in fission yeast). (wikipedia.org)
Some examples include the specialized hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, that display a spectacularly polarized organization of kinocilia and stereocilia on their apical surfaces, the dynamic ciliated cells of the tracheal and reproductive tract epithelia, and cells in the gastrulating vertebrate embryo that display polarized migration and intercalation behaviors. (stanford.edu)
This philosophy from early in my scientific career stuck with me, and I believe was instrumental in my lab's contribution to the discovery of multivalency-driven liquid-liquid phase separation as a general principle in cell organization. (hymanlab.org)

Curr Opin Cell Biol. (wikipedia.org)
J Cell Biol (1999) 146 (6): 1205-1210. (silverchair.com)
Nature Cell Biol. (justia.com)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. (princeton.edu)
Front Cell Dev Biol. (princeton.edu)
Cell Biol. (sdbonline.org)

In contrast to budding yeast, WASP-mediated actin nucleation activity plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
Genetics and live-cell imaging revealed core CME spatiodynamic similarities between the two yeasts, though two-zone actin assembly is a fission yeast-specific mechanism, which is not essential for CME. (biorxiv.org)
Live-cell super resolution analysis of endocytosis was also performed in fission yeast (Arasada, 2018). (biorxiv.org)

We show that oMAP4 is expressed upon muscle cell differentiation and is the only MAP4 isoform essential for normal progression of the myogenic differentiation programme. (elifesciences.org)
Upon differentiation, mono-nucleated myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle and fuse to form syncytial myotubes ( Wakelam, 1985 ). (elifesciences.org)
For example, we have shown that the CCR4-NOT complex is essential for insulin production and immune cell differentiation, and that it is important for gene regulation during early development. (oist.jp)
In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)

The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)

Driven by the intrigue of the origin of these cells, the authors of the study employed an array of molecular techniques and computational models to understand how placozoan cell types evolved and piece together how our ancient ancestors might have looked and functioned. (sciforums.com)
Molecular regulation of the autophagic process in normal and starvation conditions is presented. (hindawi.com)
During the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. (x-mol.com)
The recent advances in Raman microscopy have enabled molecular-level analysis of living cells by detecting molecular vibrations, allowing the examination of chemical compositions and states in living organisms. (oist.jp)
The primary goal of my work on PCP has been to elucidate, at molecular and cell biological levels, the nature of the signals that induce subcellular asymmetry, and how cells then respond to this molecular asymmetry to orient their cytoskeletons. (stanford.edu)
Because of the availability of remarkably powerful genetic, molecular and cell biological tools, we use the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, as our primary model for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of PCP signaling. (stanford.edu)
With the aim of revealing the molecular machinery underlying juvenile-predominant capacities, we identified juvenility-associated genes (JAGs) as genes that are selectively highly expressed in juvenile cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study exhibited that and play pivotal functions in the molecular pathogenesis of MM. This is usually the first statement describing the possible functions of in myelomagenesis and its potential role as a SU 11654 therapeutic target in MM. gene promotes tumorigenesis through constant NAD resynthesis to provide adequate energy for rapidly proliferating malignancy cells [9]. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Our results offer a even more unique understanding of the jobs of and genes in the molecular pathogenesis of MM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell collection The myeloma cell collection RPMI 8226 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
43-46 In all this work shows the phosphorylation of Atg1 is definitely important for the proper control of autophagy.47 To better understand the extent of this regulation we used a combination of mass spectrometry (MS) and molecular genetic methods to identify and characterize additional sites of phosphorylation within the Atg1. (bioerc-iend.org)

Actin filaments are also possibly involved in guiding the phragmoplast to the site of the former preprophase band location at the parent cell wall. (sciforums.com)
Cell tension is generated along the actin filaments by the movement of myosin II motor proteins along the filaments (see contractile bundles). (mechanobio.info)

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
Open in a separate window Figure 1 Regulation of autophagy. (baxkyardgardener.com)
In addition to energy depletion and hypoxia, the RAS, RAF, MEK, and ERK pathway is also involved in regulation of autophagy. (baxkyardgardener.com)
Bafilomycin A, an autophagy inhibitor, resulted in the accumulation of LC3 in cells treated with silvestrol. (biomedcentral.com)
Silvestrol potently inhibits cell growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells through induction of early autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Silvestrol represents a natural product scaffold that exhibits potent cytotoxic activity and could be used for the further study of autophagy and its relationship to apoptosis in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The manifestation of is usually shown to impact lysosomal size, granule size, and autophagy in human cells [12]. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
The involvement of autophagy in the development of diabetes is corroborated by affecting the physiology and role of pancreatic β cells and the homeostasis of glucose. (frontiersin.org)
Several anti-diabetic strategies including adiponectin, ezetimibe, liraglutide, taurine, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and even exercise as well as natural products such GABA tea, geniposide, guava extract, vitamin D have been shown to target autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
Autophagy is a lysosomal breakdown pathway that is crucial for cell survival, homeostasis, and function. (springeropen.com)

Both overexpression and depletion of PP4IP impairs DSB repairs and sensitizes cells to genotoxic stress, suggesting timely inhibition of PP4 to be indispensable for cells in responding to DNA damage. (molcells.org)
The inhibition of NAMPT is usually shown to induce cell death and reduce osteoclastogenesis in MM [10,11]. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
They sought to understand these unexpected effects, recognizing that analogous inhibition of cancer cell division might lead to a chemotherapeutic agent. (hymanlab.org)

Moreover, we identify a distinct, N-terminal, higher affinity interaction interface between LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab8 and Rab10 termed 'Site #2', that can retain LRRK2 on membranes in cells to catalyze multiple, subsequent phosphorylation events. (stanford.edu)
Cell membranes are highly enriched in signaling receptors, transmembrane mechanosensors, pumps and channels, and, depending on their makeup, can recruit and retain a pool of mechanosensors important in the field of mechanobiology. (mechanobio.info)

Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)
Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
Sensory neurons of the amphid and phasmid, which are C. elegans sensory organs in the head and in the tail, respectively, are associated with glial cells but do not have myelination around their processes [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
how a cell can detect, measure and respond to the rigidity of its substrate and how these processes apply to larger biological systems. (mechanobio.info)

In the case of chromosomal origin, microtubules instead nucleate around chromosomes and only later attach to kinetochores, as observed in Xenopus cell-free extracts 13 . (nature.com)

PP4IP-knockout cells were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the phosphorylation status of PP4 substrates (H2AX, KAP1, and RPA2) was analyzed. (molcells.org)
We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)

To prevent these detrimental consequences, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate and complex system, so called DNA damage response (DDR) comprising of DNA DSB repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation ( Jackson and Bartek, 2009 ). (molcells.org)

A +TIP may promote microtubule growth by catalyzing the addition of tubulin at the plus end, or it may balance microtubules at the cell cortex. (wikipedia.org)
TOG domains mediate tubulin binding and are important for microtubule growth correlated activity. (wikipedia.org)
The pivotal structure of the primary cilia is a microtubule that is generated via tubulin polymerization reaction that occurs in the basal body. (biomedcentral.com)

INTRO: A study in the journal Cell sheds new light on the evolution of neurons, focusing on the placozoans , a millimetre-sized marine animal. (sciforums.com)
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
There are several major differences that distinguish C. elegans neurons from their mammalian counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
First, C. elegans neurons are small (5-10 μm of their soma size), and most of them do not have accompanying glial cells [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, our aim was to establish an in vitro cell model based on patient-specific human neurons to study the pathomechanism of sporadic AD. (biomedcentral.com)

Phragmoplast and cell plate formation in a plant cell during cytokinesis. (sciforums.com)
The cell plate will transform into the new cell wall once cytokinesis is complete. (sciforums.com)
We show that the actin nucleation factor SCAR/WAVE is strongly activated during Dictyostelium cytokinesis. (biologists.com)
Upon cytokinesis, each daughter cell receives only one centriole, which duplicates once per cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Each cell inherits one centrosome after the completion of cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)

The mitotic spindle is a dynamic microtubule-based apparatus that ensures the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (nature.com)

They also contribute to the extension of endoplasmic reticulum tubules at expanding microtubule ends. (wikipedia.org)
While the cell plate is growing, segments of smooth endoplasmic reticulum are trapped within it, later forming the plasmodesmata connecting the two daughter cells. (sciforums.com)

Moreover, +TIP complexes in budding yeast are utilized for myosin-based transport of microtubule ends. (wikipedia.org)

This continues for 10 minutes after division before the daughter cells revert to normal random motility, indicating that this is a tightly regulated process. (biologists.com)
Collective motility leads to movement of cohorts of cells which maintain the adherens junctions and move by photolytic degradation of matrix barriers. (biomedcentral.com)
These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Among other members, we will focus our attention on the Rac and Rho subfamilies, as they are the main effectors of cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)

Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. (elifesciences.org)

A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)

Depending on the cellular status, stress signal, and duration, the process leads to either cell death or cell survival. (baxkyardgardener.com)
Cellular and organismal metabolisms have been shown to directly instruct epigenetic alterations, and thereby dictate stem cell fate, in the bone marrow. (x-mol.com)
Our results identify a novel inhibitor of PP4 that inhibits PP4-mediated cellular functions and establish the physiological importance of this regulation. (molcells.org)
Single cell mesenchymal-type movement is characterized by an elongated cellular shape and again requires extracellular proteolysis and integrin engagement. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we combine the first large-scale serial electron tomography of whole mitotic spindles in early C. elegans embryos with live-cell imaging to reconstruct all microtubules in 3D and identify their plus- and minus-ends. (nature.com)
Using high throughput sequencing and computational approaches, I reconstruct the lineage of B cells that produce HIV-specific bnAbs, working backward, up to a pre-HIV infection timepoint. (wrfseattle.org)

In G1 phase, cells have a single centrosome consisting of two centrioles joined by cohesion fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
The formation of the primary cilium starts with the migration of centrioles to the cell surface. (biomedcentral.com)
The centrioles contain nine microtubule triplets and mature into a centrosome that is referred to as a basal body in the context of ciliogenesis [ 22 , 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)

This led us to additional research the features of these genetics in myeloma cell development and success by using little interfering RNA (siRNA) strategy. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (lookformedical.com)
Alteration of signalling pathways regulating cell cycle progression is a common feature of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
PP4IP interacts with PP4 complex, which is affected by DNA damage and cell cycle progression and decreases the dephosphorylational activity of PP4. (molcells.org)

Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
Dynein is required for polarized dendritic transport and uniform microtubule orientation in axons. (sdbonline.org)

Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) connect distant cells and mediate cargo transfer for intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. (x-mol.com)
I will describe some approaches we take in our investigations of the mammalian olfactory system (sense of smell in rodents), including psychophysics for quantitative characterization of complex, sensory-guided behaviours, efforts to decipher the meaning of neural activities through large-scale physiological recordings and analyses, as well as associated instrumentation to start a conversation about potential areas of collaboration. (oist.jp)

The symposium will cover a range of topics, including advances in single-cell analysis, genome editing, high-throughput screening, and imaging technologies. (oist.jp)
Genome regulation encompasses all facets of gene expression, from the biochemical modifications of DNA, to the physical arrangement of chromosomes and the activity of the transcription machinery. (mechanobio.info)

Several drugs targeting distinct phases of the cell cycle have been developed but the inability of many of them to discriminate between normal and cancer cells has strongly limited their clinical potential because of their reduced efficacy at the concentrations used to limit adverse side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells exhibit three distinct modes of migration when invading the 3 D environment. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, silvestrol blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G 2 -phase. (biomedcentral.com)

The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumour growth in vivo was assessed using a xenograft model of PC3 cells upon PI3K-C2β downregulation and in combination with docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
Stable and transient PI3K-C2β downregulation potentiates the effect of low concentrations of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, by quantitatively analysing several models of microtubule growth, we conclude that minus-ends of KMTs have selectively detached and depolymerized from the centrosome. (nature.com)
The mechanism of axon growth: what we have learned from the cell adhesion molecule L1. (sdbonline.org)
Cell survival during ischemia/reperfusion is governed by HIF-1α-dependent genes such as heme oxygenase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygnease-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor. (springeropen.com)

The heterogeneity and multigenetic nature of nervous system aging make modeling of it a formidable task in mammalian species. (biomedcentral.com)

Nak regulates Dlg basal localization in Drosophila salivary gland cells. (sdbonline.org)

During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

however, all classifications are distinguished by their specific accumulation at the plus end of microtubules and their ability to maintain interactions between themselves and other +TIPs regardless of type. (wikipedia.org)

MDA-MB-435 cells responded to silvestrol treatment with accumulation of LC3-II and time-dependent p62 degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Bex1 shows cell density-dependent accumulation as a condensate either in nucleoli at a low cell density or at the apical cell surface at a high cell density. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro cell viability, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and immunoblot was used to study the mechanism of action of silvestrol in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)

First, phagophore formation requires cytoplasmic vesicle nucleation, which occurs when the ATG1/ULK1 complex, which is comprised of ULK1, FIP200, ATG13, and ATG101, interacts with the Class III PI3K complex. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy51

Organisms24

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes69

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Health Care2

Mitosis6

Target of rapamycin1

Protein19

Astral microtubules1

Proliferation13

Cytoskeleton5

Centrosomes7

Biology3

Membrane5

Dynamics3

Structures5

Organization3

Biol6

Fission yeast3

Differentiation4

Vesicles1

Molecular10

Actin filaments2

Autophagy11

Inhibition3

Membranes2

Processes4

Kinetochores1

Phosphorylation3

Apoptosis1

Tubulin3

Neurons5

Cytokinesis5

Mitotic spindle1

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Budding yeast1

Motility5

Bundles1

Bind1

Cellular4

Reconstruct2

Centrioles3

Adaptors1

Genetics1

Linkages1

Cycle progression3

Dynein3

Physiological2

Genome2

Distinct2

Progression1

Growth6

Species1

Regulates1

Organelles1

Eukaryotic cells1

Interactions1

Accumulation2

Vitro cell1

Occurs1