Mammalian cells mice cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

The expression pattern and function of Nop2 during early mammalian embryo development, however, has not been investigated. (umass.edu)

and from 2002 on pluripotency in embryonic stem cells in the lab of Ali H. Brivanlou. (eurostemcell.org)
He has been leader of a research group at the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin until 2011 focusing his research on signal transduction mechanisms in human and murine embryonic stem cells. (eurostemcell.org)
We apply a tailored experimental design that eliminates these confounders, and report thousands of intrinsically covarying gene pairs in mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Cell cycle adaptations of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Open in a separate window Figure 5 Increased frequency of proliferating HCECs in conditioned medium from mouse embryonic stem cells. (giknet.org)
Open in a separate window Figure 6 Conditioned medium from mouse embryonic stem cells stimulated colony formation of HCECs. (giknet.org)
Open in a separate window Figure 7 Conditioned medium from mouse embryonic stem cells promoted cell-cycle entrance of HCECs. (giknet.org)

NOP2-deficient embryos exhibit reduced blastomere numbers, greatly increased apoptosis, and impaired cell-lineage specification. (umass.edu)
mice with a mPER2 knockout show a significant increase in tumor development and a significant decrease in apoptosis . (jackkruse.com)
At that point either apoptosis takes place and the cell dies, or the cell can become senescent, no longer reproducing but sending out noxious signals to neighboring cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
ESC-CM inhibited HCECs apoptosis We examined apoptosis and necrosis of cells at passage 4 in the 25%ESC-CM and CEM groups by flow cytometry. (giknet.org)
Discussion In this study, we analyzed the effects of ESC-CM on the cellular phenotype, biologic function, proliferation capacity, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HCECs. (giknet.org)
Trichostatin A induces cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest, reversal of transformed cells morphology, and apoptosis and is able to modulate transcription. (sigmaaldrich.com)

[1] is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized. (wikipedia.org)
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells. (nature.com)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
We used primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and human AML cell lines to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and its role in AML differentiation. (hindawi.com)
Single-cell RNA sequencing studies on gene co-expression patterns could yield important regulatory and functional insights, but have so far been limited by the confounding effects of differentiation and cell cycle. (nih.gov)
My Honours project studied mouse ES cell differentiation and the molecular basis of cell cycle checkpoint acquisition. (edu.au)
Uncovering how an entire class of non-coding RNAs, called circular RNAs, are formed and regulated across cell differentiation lead to a seminal publication in the field. (edu.au)
While much has been learned by studying these PcG activities in cell culture models, it is largely unexplored how cPRC1 regulates adult stem cells and their subsequent differentiation in living animals. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, we investigated male mouse (m) PRL protein and mRNA expression in spermatozoa at various differentiation stages in the testes. (go.jp)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)

Using telomerase-deficient TRF2-overexpressing mice (K5TRF2/Terc_/_) as a model for accelerated aging, we show that telomere shortening is paralleled by a gradual deregulation of the mammalian transcriptome leading to cumulative changes in a defined set of genes, including up-regulation of the mTOR and Akt survival pathways and down-regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Here, we molecularly dissect MEIOC-dependent regulation in mouse spermatogenic cells and find that MEIOC actually shapes the transcriptome much earlier, even before meiotic initiation. (bvsalud.org)

Our results lend support to the concept of post-transcriptional RNA operons, but we further present evidence that nuclear proximity of genes may provide substantial functional regulation in mammalian single cells. (nih.gov)
This confers on spermatogenic cells the molecular competence to, in response to retinoic acid, fully activate the STRA8-MEIOSIN transcriptional regulator, which is required for the meiotic G1/S cell cycle transition and meiotic gene expression. (bvsalud.org)

Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Prophase I arrest and progression to metaphase I in mouse oocytes are controlled by Emi1-dependent regulation of APC(Cdh1). (nih.gov)
Proteolytic activity of separase is required for chiasma resolution during meiosis I in mouse oocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)

Genes Cells. (wikipedia.org)
In this next research phase they hope to identify genes and proteins that help or hinder this ability of retinal ganglion cells to regenerate, grow axons to a target and become functional in mice. (nih.gov)
They expect their studies to identify a list of small molecules and candidate genes that contribute to the ability of photoreceptor cells to home in on their appropriate target cells in the retina, known as bipolar cells. (nih.gov)
Strittmatter and his team also are searching for genes that contribute to the regeneration of axons from retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking Cip1 and Kip1 genes encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 were used to further explore the effects of oncogenic Ras on arrest of the cell division cycle. (ku.dk)
Therefore, in the absence of p16(INK4a), p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1), oncogenic Ras affects the functions of genes required for completion of the cell cycle. (ku.dk)
These ATG genes are highly conserved in mammalian cells, allowing to study their functions also in higher eukaryotes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
In mice, previous studies revealed that MEIOC, alongside binding partners YTHDC2 and RBM46, represses mitotic genes and promotes robust meiotic gene expression in spermatogenic cells that have already initiated meiosis. (bvsalud.org)
CBX2 is up-regulated as spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and is required to repress genes that were active in stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Among the top ten genes preferentially enriched in these cells, Foxc2 was the only one to code for a protein exclusively present in the nucleus of uSPGs that also expressed ZBTB16, a protein important for SSCs to self-renew. (elifesciences.org)
This finding is consistent with the fact that many FOXC2-regulated genes are involved in cell cycle arrest. (elifesciences.org)

Initially the arrest is due to lack of sufficient cell cycle proteins to allow meiotic progression. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleolar protein 2 (NOP2) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human, and has been found to play an important role in accelerating cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and tumor aggressiveness. (umass.edu)
While the importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated, its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is still developing [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mouse emi1 has an essential function in mitotic progression during early embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates [2] "Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. (edu.au)
ESC-CM enhanced proliferation of HCECs Expression of Ki67 was established to determine the role of 25%ESC-CM in the cell-cycle progression of HCECs. (giknet.org)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
Within this report, we've attempted to then add solvency to the issue by producing a loss-of-function allele of in mouse to handle if the Cdk7Ccyclin?HCMat1 kinase features in pol?II-mediated transcription, cell cycle progression or both. (researchensemble.com)

Oocyte meiosis, important to all animal life cycles yet unlike all other instances of animal cell division, occurs completely without the aid of spindle -coordinating centrosomes . (wikipedia.org)
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)
These cells then proceed through meiosis II, wherein sister chromatids are separated into individual cells. (jci.org)
The special cell cycle known as meiosis transforms diploid germ cells into haploid gametes. (bvsalud.org)
In mammalian testes, diploid spermatogenic cells become competent to transition from mitosis to meiosis in response to retinoic acid. (bvsalud.org)
We conclude that in mice, mRNA decay mediated by MEIOC-YTHDC2-RBM46 enhances the competence of mitotic spermatogonia to transit from mitosis to meiosis. (bvsalud.org)
BRCA2 in mammalian meiosis. (shibuyahiroki.com)
Live-cell microscopy of meiosis in spermatocytes. (shibuyahiroki.com)
Role of cleavage by separase of the Rec8 kleisin subunit of cohesin during mammalian meiosis I. (ox.ac.uk)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that ensures a dynamic recycling of a variety of building blocks required for self-renewal, homeostasis, and cell survival under stress. (hindawi.com)
In vitro, both peptides were highly active against intracellular Leishmania major in mouse macrophages without exerting toxicity in host cells. (unav.edu)
Store-operated channels regulate intracellular calcium in mammalian rods. (umassmed.edu)
Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)

Trichostatin A (TSA) is a Streptomyces metabolite, which specifically inhibits mammalian histone deacetylase at a nanomolar concentration and causes accumulation of highly acetylated histone molecules in mammalian cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)

lt;div class="textblock">Oncogenic Ras induces two products of the INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor locus (p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)) in primary human and rodent fibroblasts, ultimately leading to a permanent state of cell cycle arrest resembling replicative senescence. (ku.dk)
Pediatric Brain Tumor Cancer Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Dynamics, DNA Repair, and Etoposide Extrusion. (worthington-biochem.com)
This offers significant advantages for studying tumor pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis caused by a single initiating oncogenic event introduced through the mouse germ line. (molvis.org)

The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
A ) The mammalian testis is composed of seminiferous tubules intertwined so that the "start" and "end" of these tubules are both connected to the rete testis. (jci.org)
B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
In the present study, we investigated the localization of PRKRA in the mammalian testis by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. (hindawi.com)

Furthermore, the expression of the CYCA gene (involved in cell cycle and proliferation) was significantly downregulated in NAV and TDL isolates. (unav.edu)
As mentioned previously in this blog, the P13/Akt pathway is involved in cancer processes as well as cell survival and stem cell proliferation. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Since then, I have worked on mammalian cell biology, in my postdoctoral positions at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (France) and the Centre for Cancer Biology (AUSTRALIA). (edu.au)
I have published seminal papers on circular RNAs and other molecular biology-rich projects in eukarytotes in Cell(x2) , Nature Biotechnology , Nature Plants, The EMBO Journal (x2), RNA, Genome Biology and other top-ranking journals (20 publications in the past 5 years), with an h-index of 25 at over 100 citations per article. (edu.au)
Molecular Cell S1097-2765(23)00650-0. (shibuyahiroki.com)
We have studied the transgenic mouse strain, Tyrp-1-TAg, to try to gain insight into possible molecular mechanisms common to pigmented ocular neoplasms occurring spontaneously in the eyes of these mice and human choroidal melanoma. (molvis.org)
Organización molecular del complejo II y su rol en la anaerobiosis. (bvsalud.org)

Maintenance of meiotic arrest also depends on the presence of a multilayered complex of cells, known as a follicle, that surrounds the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
Oncogenic Ras induces p19ARF and growth arrest in mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 without activating cyclin D-dependent kinases. (ku.dk)
Under these conditions, Ras did not induce G(1) phase arrest but instead triggered DNA synthesis, abnormal nuclear divisions, failure of cytokinesis, and emergence of polyploid cells. (ku.dk)
Mammalian Emi2 mediates cytostatic arrest and transduces the signal for meiotic exit via Cdc20. (nih.gov)
Severe spermatid defects, such as detached acrosomes, disrupted membranes and flagella malformations start to appear after spermiogenesis step 9 in Actl7b-/- mice, finally resulting in spermatogenic arrest. (bvsalud.org)

The elucidation of factors that activate the regeneration of the adult mammalian heart is of major scientific and therapeutic importance. (ca.gov)
and stem cell regeneration. (lu.se)

Clare's lab recently identified a population of progenitor/stem cells in mice that, on transplantation, is sufficient to generate a fully functional thymus. (eurostemcell.org)
Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Hafler B.P., Surzenko N., Beier K.T., Punzo C ., Trimarchi J.M., Kong J.H., Cepko C.L. (2012) Transcription factor Olig2 defines subpopulations of retinal progenitor cells biased toward specific cell fates. (umassmed.edu)

The Kv2 family of voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits, comprising Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, mediate the bulk of the neuronal delayed rectifier K + current in many mammalian central neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Analyses of endogenous Kv2.2 in cortical neurons in situ and recombinant Kv2.2 expressed in heterologous cells reveal that Kv2.2 is largely refractory to stimuli that trigger robust, phosphorylation-dependent changes in Kv2.1 clustering and function. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons within the neocortex are arranged in a laminar architecture and contribute to the input, processing, and/or output of sensory and motor signals in a cell- and layer-specific manner. (jneurosci.org)
We find that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 exhibit distinct responses to acute phosphorylation-dependent regulation in brain neurons in situ and in heterologous cells in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. (edu.au)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)

Involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle. (nih.gov)
Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2, BEM3, BUD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1). (embl.de)

At university, he began a thesis project focusing on how Plasmodium parasites enter mouse cells. (the-scientist.com)
Kappe's mutation analyses on TRAP showed that it underlies the unusual gliding motility that malaria parasites use to move into host cells. (the-scientist.com)
While many pathogenic microorganisms are taken into cells by passive phagocytosis, "malaria parasites actively move into a host cell, and they use their own actin-myosin system to do that," Kappe explains. (the-scientist.com)
As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)
In order to establish the course of infection, virulence and pathogenicity, a Paraguayan Trypanosoma cruzi strain isolated from a 12 year old patient in 1989, Balb/c mice were inoculated, and the number of parasites were determined by direct parasitemia (micromethod). (bvsalud.org)
Three Cabus apella monkeys were infected with 3.5 x 10 sobre 5 cells of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strian in order to evaluate the parasitemia and to study the behavior of the parasites in the mammalian host for a one-year period. (bvsalud.org)

2000). Although genetic studies in mammalian systems have not yet been reported, the recent biochemical characterization of a potential budding candida Cak1/Civ1 homolog from mammalian cells (Nagahara et al. (researchensemble.com)

Paolo De Coppi is a Consultant Paediatric Surgeon at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), and Reader and Head of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at the UCL Institute of Child Health in London. (eurostemcell.org)

The activity of this protein is found to be regulated by cell cycle dependent phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
MBLR, a new RING finger protein resembling mammalian Polycomb gene products, is regulated by cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Nop2 is expressed throughout preimplantation development, with highest mRNA and protein accumulation at the 8-cell and morula stages, respectively. (umass.edu)
We found that a variant of a natural protein known as Fstl1 protein (FSTL1) can improve heart function and decrease mortality in both mouse and pig models of myocardial infarction. (ca.gov)
Application of the human Fstl1 protein (FSTL1) via an epicardial patch stimulates cell cycle entry and division of pre-existing cardiomyocytes, improving cardiac function and survival in mouse and swine models of myocardial infarction. (ca.gov)
Mouse protein citron, a putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. (embl.de)
Adams had identified the Duffy binding protein that is essential for Plasmodium to dock to red blood cells and then enter them. (the-scientist.com)
Meiotic DNA break formation requires the unsynapsed chromosome axis-binding protein IHO1 (CCDC36) in mice. (shibuyahiroki.com)
ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
No truncated Mat1 protein had been seen in the Ha sido cell lysates, recommending which the targeted allele represents a null allele of heterozygous (null homozygotes (network marketing leads to embryonic lethality. (researchensemble.com)

Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
Epicardial FSTL1 reconstitution regenerates the adult mammalian heart. (ca.gov)
In normal control adult mouse eyes, ETS-1 was mostly present in the nuclei of all neuroretinal layers whereas ETS-2 was mostly localized in the cytosol of the cell bodies of these layers with a smaller amount present in the nuclei. (molvis.org)

To date, most gene therapies have targeted monogenic recessive retinal diseases and employed viral vectors to transfer a 'normal ' copy of the mutated gene to the affected cell. (berkeley.edu)
Current projects in our lab involve development of retinal cell specific viral vectors based upon lentivirus and adeno-associated viruses. (berkeley.edu)

J Cell Biol, 2007 Jan 1. (nih.gov)
Mol Cell Biol, 2006 Jul. (nih.gov)

Journal of Cell Biology (2017) 216 (10): 3133. (biologists.com)

Furthermore, the region of CBX2 responsible for compaction and phase separation is needed for the long-term maintenance of male germ cells in the animal. (bvsalud.org)
Transplantation experiments have revealed that most cells which can perform the hallmark feature of SSCs (that is, re-establishing full spermatogenesis in testes lacking germ cells) are found within the single uSPG population, but may also be present among paired and aligned progenitors ( Kubota and Brinster, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
transplanted a population of uSPGs enriched in these cells into the testes of mice treated with busulfan, a toxic compound that kills endogenous germ cells. (elifesciences.org)
Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization detected the expression of PRL not only in Leydig cells but also in germ cells, in particular in spermatogonia. (go.jp)

Developmental Cell (2019) 51 (2): 145. (biologists.com)
Early developmental events involving the olfactory and limbic system start and conclude possibly slightly early in primates than rodents, and we find a comparable early conclusion of primate hippocampal neurogenesis (as assessed by the relative number of Ki67 cells) suggesting a plateau to low levels at approximately 2 years of age in humans. (figshare.com)
Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
He serves on the Editorial Boards of Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology and Genome Biology. (elifesciences.org)
The T cruzi life cycle consists of 3 main developmental forms. (medscape.com)

The key point is that telomerase activation might keep telomere lengths from getting critically shorter, and that would be enough to stave off cell senescence and deregulation of the epigenome and, perhaps even, much of what we know as aging. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Here, we extend and adapt a model of the cross-species transformation of early neurodevelopmental events which presently reaches up to the equivalent of the third human postnatal year for 18 mammalian species (www.translatingtime.net) to address questions relevant to hippocampal neurogenesis, which permit extending the database to adolescence or perhaps to the whole lifespan. (figshare.com)
The manual features primers on live imaging of a variety of standard model organisms including C. elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, Xenopus, avian species, and mouse. (cshlpress.com)
His work investigating the neural mechanisms that control behaviour has made an impact across scales from cells to brain regions across mammalian species. (elifesciences.org)

Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)

Huanga W., Wei Xinga W., Ryskampa D.A., Punzo C ., Križaj D. Localization and phenotype-specific expression of ryanodine calcium release channels in C57BL6 and DBA/2J mouse strains. (umassmed.edu)
Križaj D., Huang W., Furukawa T., Punzo C., Xing W.P. Plasticity of TRPM1 expression and localization in the wild type and degenerating mouse retina. (umassmed.edu)
Previously, we investigated the localization of several nuage-resident proteins in the nuage structures of spermatogenic cells by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)

In particular, we have the examined retinal degeneration in the naturally arising rd mouse strains (defects in the b-subunit of phosphodiesterase). (berkeley.edu)
Although early passage primary fibroblast strains that lack both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) fail to assemble cyclin D-dependent kinases, oncogenic Ras retained its ability to induce p19(ARF), but not p16(INK4a), protecting Cip/Kip-null cells from proliferating and undergoing transformation. (ku.dk)

This involves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dividing to form undifferentiated spermatogonia (uSPGs), which then progress through the meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis to form mature sperm ( de Rooij, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)

He co-ordinates the EU Horizon2020 funded stem cell research consortium - INTENS which aims to aims to make a functional reconstructed bowel for people with Short Bowel Syndrome. (eurostemcell.org)
Using a combination of chromatin biochemistry, computational modelling, atomic force microscopy (AFM), genetics, genomics and cell biology, Dr. Dalal and colleagues are investigating whether chromatin adopts alternate structural conformations in cancer cells, the functional consequences of large-scale chromosomal alterations upon the cancer epigenome, and identifying small molecules which can target these structures or processes. (elifesciences.org)

Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. (edu.au)

Their seminiferous tubules lack a normal complement of 2 C secondary spermatocytes and 1 C spermatids and contain instead a high proportion of cells with enlarged nuclei. (ox.ac.uk)

Generating appropriate synapses between photoreceptor and bipolar cells is an essential step in restoring vision through photoreceptor transplantation. (nih.gov)
The first step was for the team to follow the fate of these cells for six weeks following transplantation. (elifesciences.org)

As epimastigotes (depicted in the first image below) move to the hindgut, they differentiate into metacyclic trypomastigotes (depicted in the second image below), which are nondividing forms resistant to mammalian complement that have the capacity to infect mammalian cells. (medscape.com)

When temperature becomes the dominant environmental trigger and not light cycles, leptin induces endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) that shuts down the photic effects of VIP on the SCN. (jackkruse.com)

This mechanism of transmission contrasts with that of the two subspecies of African trypanosomes that cause human disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which are transmitted via the saliva of their vectors, and with the mechanism by which a nonpathogenic trypanosome found in the Americas, Trypanosoma rangeli , is transmitted to its mammalian hosts. (medscape.com)
T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)

Differentiating spermatogonia in mice undergo five mitotic divisions before converting to preleptotene spermatocytes. (jci.org)
The BRCA2-MEILB2-BRME1 complex governs meiotic recombination and impairs the mitotic BRCA2-RAD51 function in cancer cells. (shibuyahiroki.com)

The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
The trypomastigote is the infective flagellated form of the parasite found in the blood of the mammalian hosts (blood trypomastigote) and in the hindgut of vectors (metacyclic trypomastigote). (medscape.com)

[7] The cells that comprise the follicle, known as granulosa cells, are connected to each other by proteins known as gap junctions, that allow small molecules to pass between the cells. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, we identify small molecules that increase lactate production by stimulating Myc levels or inhibiting Mpc1 carrier activity and can topically induce the hair cycle. (nature.com)

C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
Cell division is called mitosis. (jackkruse.com)
Mitosis is the phase in the cell that occurs just before cell division to generate an offspring. (jackkruse.com)
When a single uSPG divides, it can sometimes produce paired daughter cells that remain connected after mitosis. (elifesciences.org)

Here we found that epicardial cells contain a potent cardiogenic activity identified as follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1). (ca.gov)

Similarly, the large ribosomal RNA gene clusters that reside on different chromosomes manage to find each other in almost every cell nucleus to form another easily discernable nuclear entity, the nucleolus [ 27 - 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The nuclear lamina, which coats the inner nuclear cell membrane, represents a major repressive environment in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)

Taken together, our results demonstrate that Nop2 is an essential gene for blastocyst formation, and is required for RNA processing and/or stability in vivo during preimplantation embryo development in the mouse. (umass.edu)

At least three types of PRMT enzymes have been identified in mammalian cells. (thermofisher.com)

New cases of vector-borne T cruzi infection usually occur in persons who live in primitive houses in areas where the sylvatic cycle is active. (medscape.com)

Journal of Cell Biology (2019) 218 (9): 2854. (biologists.com)
Journal of Cell Biology (2018) 217 (10): 3416. (biologists.com)

We show here that separase cleaves mouse Rec8 at three positions in vitro but only when the latter is hyper-phosphorylated. (ox.ac.uk)
Expression of a Rec8 variant (Rec8-N) that cannot be cleaved in vitro at these sites causes sterility in male mice. (ox.ac.uk)

[ 1 ] T cruzi mostly is found in blood-sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs) and small mammals in a sylvatic cycle that is enzootic from the southern and southwestern United States to central Argentina and Chile. (medscape.com)
T cruzi infection in humans occurs in a spotty distribution throughout the range of the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)

Oogenesis in Eukaryotic Cells. (wikipedia.org)
RISC assembles into processing bodies (P-bodies) which are specific cytoplasmic foci in somatic eukaryotic cells [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

The retina is a complex tissue in the back of the eye that contains the rod and cone photoreceptor cells. (berkeley.edu)
The inherited retinal degenerations are typified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which results in blindness from destruction of photoreceptor cells, and the RPE. (berkeley.edu)
Zack, Gamm, and their teams plan to study precursor photoreceptor cells derived from human stem cells to determine what factors help coax them into becoming fully developed and connected photoreceptor cells. (nih.gov)
In a healthy eye, bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptor cells across a synapse and then transmit this information either directly or indirectly to retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)

The nuage of the spermatogenic cells has function similar to the P-bodies. (hindawi.com)
We study whether PRKRA localizes to nuage of spermatogenic cells of rat and mouse. (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, there are specific cytoplasmic foci similar to the P-bodies in spermatogenic cells, which are called nuage [ 15 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Russell and Frank [ 19 ] classified the nuage of spermatogenic cells into six different types according to its morphology and relationship with other surrounding organelles. (hindawi.com)

2002. Cytogenitic studies on the effect of feeding mice with stored wheat grains treated with malathion. (cdc.gov)

Here we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that HFSCs utilize glycolytic metabolism and produce significantly more lactate than other cells in the epidermis. (nature.com)
This enables Leptin to then yoke metabolism and sleep directly to the light and dark cycles of our day. (jackkruse.com)
Improved cell metabolism prolongs photoreceptor survival upon retinal-pigmented epithelium loss in the sodium iodate induced model of geographic atrophy. (umassmed.edu)

Anatomy34

Organisms23

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes81

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Early mammalian embryo development1

Embryonic stem7

Apoptosis6

Differentiation12

Transcriptome2

Transcriptional2

Oocytes4

Genes11

Progression8

Meiosis9

Intracellular4

Inhibits1

Tumor3

Testis4

Proliferation2

Molecular5

Arrest5

Regeneration2

Progenitor4

Neurons7

Regulation2

Parasites6

Homolog1

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine1

Protein10

Adult3

Viral2

Biol2

20171

Germ cells4

Developmental5

Senescence1

Species3

Specific cell fates1

Localization3

Strains2

Spermatogonial stem cells1

Functional2

Fates1

Seminiferous tubules1

Transplantation2

Complement1

Induces1

Mechanism of transmission2

Mitotic2

Hosts2

Molecules2

Mitosis4

Potent1

Nuclear2

Embryo1

Enzymes1

Primitive1

Biology2

Vitro2

Sylvatic cycle2

Eukaryotic Cells2

Photoreceptor cells4

Spermatogenic cells4

20021

Metabolism3