Mammalian cells membrane microdomains. Medical search. Frequent questions

A nanodomain is a nanometer-sized cluster of proteins found in a cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
In mammalian cells, they are enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored and signalling-related proteins. (pasteur.fr)
TAKE AWAY: Lipid microdomains are ordered regions of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids (GSL), GPI-anchored and signalling-related proteins. (pasteur.fr)
It has been estimated that over one third of all the proteins encoded by the human genome are membrane proteins, that is proteins associated with lipid bilayers. (ukri.org)
Many of the proteins associated with the plasma membrane actually span that membrane (integral membrane proteins), with part of their sequence inside the cell and part outside: these two parts are linked by a transmembrane section that spans the lipid bilayer. (ukri.org)
Such integral membrane proteins can be considered to float in the sea of phospholipids of the plasma membrane. (ukri.org)
It has been proposed that certain integral membrane proteins span the lipid bilayer at the periphery of lipid rafts and are linked to the actin cytoskeleton within the cell (the actin cytoskeleton provides the architectural framework, essentially the scaffolding, within the cell). (ukri.org)
It has been proposed that certain integral membrane proteins span the lipid bilayer at the periphery of rafts and are linked with the underlying actin cytoskeleton to form a 'picket fence' around the edge of the raft and limit diffusion of molecules into and out of the raft. (ukri.org)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
It is estimated that as much as 10% of the cell surface proteins undergo ectodomain shedding. (frontiersin.org)
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) plays an essential role in neuronal activities through interaction with various proteins involved in signaling at membranes. (jneurosci.org)
However, the distribution pattern of PI(4,5)P 2 and the association with these proteins on the neuronal cell membranes remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
PI(4,5)P 2 interacts with various ion channels and receptors to regulate membrane signaling but its nanoscale distribution and association with these proteins remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. (frontiersin.org)
Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. (frontiersin.org)
What is now clear is that certain membrane lipids can function as messenger signals that regulate cell growth, proliferation, inflammation, and programmed cell death processes, while other membrane lipids appear to cluster together in bilayers to form microdomains that regulate the spatial distribution and lateral interactions of membrane proteins. (umn.edu)
Our research focuses on membrane lipids known as sphingolipids and on proteins that interact in non-enzymatic fashion with sphingolipids. (umn.edu)
Such proteins include sphingolipid transfer proteins that function as transporters to shuttle sphingolipids between intracellular membranes as well as lipid-binding domains (e.g. (umn.edu)
The findings have proven to be important for current understanding how the spatial organization of lipids in membranes can regulate proteins that translocate onto membranes to function. (umn.edu)
We have since focused our efforts on specific proteins that can bind and transfer sphingolipids between membrane surfaces and that may help formation and maintain 'raft' microdomains in cells. (umn.edu)
These sphingolipid transfer proteins were initially identified as glycolipid transfer proteins (GLTPs) due to their specificity for transferring glycosphingolipids between membranes. (umn.edu)
Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
Membrane proteins are embedded in a lipid matrix whose specific characteristics play important roles in membrane protein function. (levental-lab.com)
Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Disruption of plant plasma membrane by Nep1-like proteins in pathogen/plant interactions. (ki.si)
Membrane embedded proteins are functionally regulated by the lipid composition of the surrounding bilayer. (sphingolipidclub.com)
Ceramide generated in late endosomal compartments is recognized as a potent regulator of cell signaling, but its molecular interactions with late endosomal transmembrane proteins have not been studied in depth. (sphingolipidclub.com)
The assembly of protein complexes and compositional lipid patterning act together to endow cells with the plasticity required to maintain compositional heterogeneity with respect to individual proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, lateral motility of membrane proteins was analyzed by calculating diffusion coefficients and kymograph analysis, which represented an alternative method for examining protein motility. (biomedcentral.com)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
We conclude that association of Us9 with lipid rafts is key for efficient targeting of structural proteins to axons and, as a consequence, for directional spread of PRV from pre-synaptic to post-synaptic neurons and cells of the mammalian nervous system. (princeton.edu)
In the present study, we examined potential contributory roles of membrane-associated, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts/caveolae and their constituent proteins (e.g., caveolin-1 [Cav-1]) as potential sites for IL-1β−induced nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
Previous research has shown that the lipid milieu surrounding membrane proteins may be an important factor in determining their activity. (silverchair.com)
Depending on the length of their fatty acid chains and their degree of saturation, SL species have a strong impact on biophysical membrane parameters such as fluidity or rigidity and curvature, and on interaction with membrane proteins and/or cytoskeletal components, and membrane compartmentalization. (encyclopedia.pub)
Orai1 proteins form the major ion conducting units mediating the Ca 2+ release activated Ca 2+ current (I CRAC ) in immune cells among many other cell types. (nature.com)
Current research goals in the lab relate to the spatio-temporal coordination of FGF2 secretion in living cells, the analysis of the molecular mechanism by which FGF2 physically traverses the plasma membrane and the relevance of this process for other unconventional secretory proteins such as HIV Tat. (db-engine.de)
In addition, EVs are mediators of communication between cells in physiological and pathological settings, and they transport a diverse array of biomolecules, including lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins. (encyclopedia.pub)
Recent advances in the field of small molecule labels for live cell imaging promise to overcome some of the limitations set by the size of fluorescent proteins. (typeset.io)
Investigating the distribution and dynamics of proteins inside living cells by fluorescence microscopy has been greatly simplified by genetically encoded recombinant fusion proteins of green fluorescent protein and its variants (Lippincott-Schwartz et al. (typeset.io)
These data indicate that the α- and γ-secretase cleavages of the mammalian Vps10p sorting receptors occur in a fashion analogous to other known γ-secretase substrates, and could possibly regulate the biological functions of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Two other proteins of the same family, Cav2 and Cav3, exist and differ in their patterns of expression in different cell types. (diff.org)
Cav1 and its phosphorylation can impact on the domain recruitment of signalling protein partners and consequently contribute to the trafficking of signalling proteins to and from the plasma membrane. (diff.org)

In addition to work on eNOS, he has made several additional important contributions emanating from his work on eNOS including elucidating the role of caveolae microdomains of the plasma membrane in signaling, defining the role of Akt as an important kinase regulating the morphogenic and survival pathway for angiogenic growth factors, and the identification of the enzyme required for dolichol synthesis in mammalian cells. (globalny.biz)
Whereas caveolae-mediated endocytosis was not affected in CLN3 cells, clathrin-mediated epidermal growth factor (EGF) internalization was reduced, along with EGF receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation. (ac.ir)
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 22 KDa multifunctional scaffolding protein with multiple binding partners that is associated with cell surface caveolae and the regulation of lipid raft domains. (diff.org)
CAV -1 is an integral membrane protein found in caveolae, omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that form a subdomain of cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich lipid rafts.Cav1 gene is localized to locus D7S522 of human chromosome 7q31.1In vivo, two isoforms of Cav1 are known to exist: α-caveolin that contains residues 1-178 and β-caveolin that contains residues 32-178. (diff.org)
Cav1, via biogenesis of caveolae, is not only essential for lipid uptake and regulation, transcellular transport and signalling in endothelial cells, but also for the entry of certain viruses into mammalian cells (SV40). (diff.org)
Cav2 is able to form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex with Cav1 but is not essential for caveolae biogenesis, while Cav3 is primarily located in muscle tissues but is also expressed in glial cells and it plays an essential role in caveolae biogenesis in those tissues where it is expressed. (diff.org)

Indeed, the microdomain disruption can dampen fungus-host cell adhesion, phagocytosis and cellular immune responses. (pasteur.fr)
Multiple Myeloma, HIV release from cells, metastasis, drug-resistance of tumour) and a range of cellular functions (several involved with the immune response). (ukri.org)
We hypothesise that CD317/tetherin acts as a 'tethered picket fence' serving to organise lipid rafts in the plasma membrane and therefore influence the broad range of cellular functions and disease-related states that have been associated with lipid rafts. (ukri.org)
Lipid rafts/membrane rafts/membrane microdomains (rafts) have been defined as small (10-200nm diameter), heterogenous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid enriched domains that compartmentalise cellular processes. (ukri.org)
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components on the cytoplasmic side of eukaryotic cell membranes, but they play essential roles in a wide variety of cellular functions. (jneurosci.org)
Ca 2+ channels in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular membranes are critical in the control of cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. (schoolbag.info)
Despite their ubiquity and importance, cellular membranes and their constituent lipids remain some of the most poorly understood aspects of modern cell biology . (levental-lab.com)
How does the cell achieve and maintain the dramatic differences in membrane composition between cellular organelles? (levental-lab.com)
The overall of our laboratory are to understand and manipulate the fundamental molecular mechanisms by which membrane lipids influence cellular physiology. (levental-lab.com)
Cellular membranes are a biophysicist's dream: they are composites of biological macromolecules with a multitude of chemical interactions, which give rise to complex phase behaviors and physical properties. (levental-lab.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
When psychosine was supplied to proliferating cells, cells underwent special type of mitosis, endomitosis, which sustains cellular content duplication without segregation, resulted in the giant and multiploid cell formation. (sphingolipidclub.com)
From an initial fascination with cellular structures I came to appreciate that cells exhibit dynamism across all scales-from their molecules, to molecular complexes, to organelles. (janelia.org)
To determine TRPA1 localization in cellular membranes we stained HEK293T cells transfected with the mTRPA1-mCherry construct with the Vybrant Alexa Fluor 488 Lipid Raft Labeling Kit. (elifesciences.org)
With the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy we found a population of highly mobile vesicular structures near the cellular membrane containing both mTRPA1-mCherry and the lipid raft marker cholera toxin B ( Figure 1A and B , Video 1 ), as well as static areas where both fluorescent probes were colocalized at the membrane. (elifesciences.org)
In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
At the cellular level, a substantial proportion of metabolic rate is associated with the maintenance of ion gradients across membranes( Rolfe and Brown, 1997 ), with one of the most important gradients being the Na + gradient. (silverchair.com)
Sphingolipids (SLs) are highly abundant components of cellular membranes and as such, are essentially involved in their biophysical and signaling properties. (encyclopedia.pub)
Tyr14 phosphorylation by Src, Fyn or Abl tyrosine kinases, has been linked to various cellular phenomena including mechano-transduction, signal transduction, endocytosis, cell migration and focal adhesion dynamics. (diff.org)

Lipid microdomains or lipid rafts are dynamic and tightly ordered regions of the plasma membrane. (pasteur.fr)
We have shown that the integral membrane protein CD317/tetherin is localised to lipid rafts and can also be attached to the actin cytoskeleton. (ukri.org)
Even though LRP6 is homogenously distributed in the membrane and only a minor fraction is raft-associated, its localization to lipid rafts is vital for the activation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence wnt/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid rafts are local assemblies of highly concentrated sphingolipids and cholesterol in the cell membrane. (frontiersin.org)
For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
Uptake of long chain fatty acids is regulated by dynamic interaction of FAT/CD36 with cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched microdomains (lipid rafts). (springer.com)
To study lipid rafts in biological membranes, we use an exciting and novel tool in membrane biology, phase separation in Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles (GPMVs). (levental-lab.com)
Moreover, reducing the affinity of Us9 for lipid rafts inhibited anterograde transmission of infection from sympathetic neurons to epithelial cells in vitro. (princeton.edu)
Disruption of lipid rafts (e.g., with cyclodextrin) markedly reduced IL-1β−induced gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO release from β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
These results are discussed in relation to neurological function and the emerging field of membrane lipid rafts. (silverchair.com)
A study by White et al (2009) found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)

Several studies have suggested that mammalian pattern recognition receptors are concentrated or recruited to lipid domains during host-pathogen association to enhance the effectiveness of host effector processes. (pasteur.fr)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
The detection of harmful stimuli such as noxious chemicals and changes in temperature and pressure are fundamental biological processes carried out by numerous cell types through diverse specialized receptors. (elifesciences.org)
Background:Beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) but not beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) form a functional complex with L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) on the cardiomyocyte membrane. (imperial.ac.uk)
We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.Methods:Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
γ-Secretase cleavage of these sorting receptors is inhibited by γ-secretase inhibitors and does not occur in PS1/PS2 knockout cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)

We incorporate diverse approaches in experimental evolution, mathematics, systems microbiology, engineering and instrumentation to understand how interactions between cells shape bacterial community behaviours, the value of environmental sensing and phenotypic variation in fluctuating environments, and how phenotypes broadly respond to mutation. (exeter.ac.uk)
Our research elucidated sphingolipid structural features that regulate their interactions with other membrane lipids and provided insights into the unique physical features at the heart of the lateral organizing functionality of sphingolipid-enriched microdomains. (umn.edu)
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Moreover, we identified two structural motifs in transmembrane segments 2 and 4 involved in mTRPA1-cholesterol interactions that are necessary for normal agonist sensitivity and plasma membrane localization. (elifesciences.org)
We discuss the impact of such interactions on TRPA1 gating mechanisms, regulation by the lipid environment, and role of this channel in sensory membrane microdomains, all of which helps to understand the puzzling pharmacology and pathophysiology of this channel. (elifesciences.org)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
As illustrated below (Fig. 2), unconventional secretion of FGF2 occurs by direct translocation across plasma membranes, a process that involves sequential interactions of FGF2 with ATP1A1, Tec kinase and the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. (db-engine.de)
Membrane Interactions, Ligand-Dependent Dynamics, and Stability of Cytochrome P4503A4 in Lipid Nanodiscs. (ucdenver.edu)

Here we uncover structural motifs required for ceramide interaction with the four membrane spanning Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B). (sphingolipidclub.com)

The molecular building blocks of bilayer membranes are specialized lipids that are polar and nonpolar at their opposite ends. (umn.edu)
Interestingly, there are many more varieties of lipids found in membranes than are needed to form bilayers. (umn.edu)
How is membrane homeostasis maintained in the face of constant challenges from exogenous amphiphiles and dietary lipids? (levental-lab.com)
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism and rely on endogenous antioxidants to mitigate lethal oxidative damage to lipids. (biomed.news)

The applications to living systems I am interested in include biophysical modelling (active transport and organelle dynamics in cell biology), cognition (perceptual rivalry, computational aspects of networks), molecular networks, functional dynamics in neural and biomedical systems and tipping points in nonautonomous systems. (exeter.ac.uk)
My group uses a number of biophysical approaches to elicit growth responses from fungal hyphae at the molecular and whole-cell levels. (exeter.ac.uk)
Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
To investigate this we have examined sodium pump molecular activity and microsomal membrane lipid composition in the brain of five mammalian and eight avian species ranging in size from 30 g mice to 280 kg cattle and 13 g zebra finches to 35 kg emus, respectively. (silverchair.com)
Finally, the molecular mechanism of FGF2 secretion is used in the lab to develop inhibitors of this process with great potential for the development of drugs for cancer therapy that block the function of FGF2 as a tumor cell survival factor. (db-engine.de)
This effort gave rise to the development of guidelines, which now permit distinguishing between EVs according to their size, density, molecular cargo, or information regarding the cell of origin. (encyclopedia.pub)
However, the response of different cancer cells to this nutritional manipulation is highly variable, and the molecular determinants of this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. (biomed.news)

It is intriguing to observe that cells can encode and discriminate Ca 2+ signals not only according to their magnitude but also according to their localization (microdomains) and shape;i.e., cells can discriminate between sustained and oscillatory signals. (schoolbag.info)
The objective of this study was to identify the PDE10A isoforms expressed in the testis and germ cells, and to determine the presence and localization of PDE10A in mature spermatozoa. (plos.org)
However, how microdomain localization in the plasma membrane affects the function of these complexes is unknown. (imperial.ac.uk)

Live-cell imaging within micro-fabricated chambers enable us to track changes in the spatial distribution of protein complexes and correlate this with fungal morphology and behaviour in response to tip-contact, electric fields and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. (exeter.ac.uk)
This protein family includes TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K+ channel (TRAAK), which is specifically implicated in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential and in the regulation of a variety of important neurobiological functions. (bvsalud.org)
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), one of the most frequent forms of the NCL storage diseases, is known to be caused by loss-of-function mutations in ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 3 (CLN3), but its cell function has not been fully elucidated. (ac.ir)
Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)
How do cell-specific membrane environments affect membrane protein (GPCR, Akt, TRKs) signaling? (levental-lab.com)
Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
We provided experimental data for the applications of Variable-Angle Epifluorescence Microscopy (VAEM) in dissecting protein dynamics in plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study presented experimental evidence on illustrating the use of VAEM in tracking and dissecting protein dynamics, dissecting endosomal dynamics, cell structure assembly along with membrane microdomain and protein motility in intact plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunologic and confocal microscopic evidence also suggested a transient but significant stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 in β-cells briefly (for 15 min) exposed to IL-1β that was markedly attenuated by three structurally distinct inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Our lab investigates unconventional mechanisms of protein secretion from mammalian cells. (db-engine.de)
This protein of 47 kDa was discovered in their lab as a protein upregulated in goldfish retinal ganglion cells during axon regeneration after optic nerve injury (Schulte et al. (typeset.io)
We conclude that yeast photobiology is multifaceted and that protein kinase A plays a key role in the ability of cells to grow upon visible light exposure. (biomedcentral.com)

Simulations on implicit membrane vesicles determined that binding is stronger when E140 gets protonated. (bvsalud.org)
PI(4)P is enriched in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and synaptic vesicles (SVs), PI(4,5)P 2 and PI(3,4,5)P 3 mainly exist in the plasma membrane, PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P 2 are selectively concentrated on early and late endosomes, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
The ER was originally considered to be the sole dynamic Ca 2+ regulator in the cell, but it has now become clear that the nucleus, the mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, the endosomes/lysosomes, and the secretory vesicles also play fundamental roles (Fig. 1). (schoolbag.info)
In addition, I will discuss recent studies demonstrating that SphK1 is recruited to sphingosine-enriched endocytic vesicles and that phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P by SphK1 is involved in endocytic membrane trafficking and autophagy and in the crosstalk between endocytosis and autophagy. (sphingolipidclub.com)
HSP47 colocalization with procollagen in punctate structures observed by immunofluorescence imaging of fixed cells has thus been interpreted as evidence for HSP47 export from the ER together with procollagen in transport vesicles destined for ERGIC or Golgi. (janelia.org)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mainly featured as a heterogeneous population of membrane-enclosed, non-replicating, and sub-micron sized structures, which are actively secreted by wide variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. (encyclopedia.pub)
Proteome of Stored RBC Membrane and Vesicles from Heterozygous Beta Thalassemia Donors. (ucdenver.edu)
Some Cav1 has been localized, in a cell type-specific manner, to the cytosol (for example in skeletal muscle cells and keratinocytes), secretory vesicles (in endocrine and exocrine cells), mitochondria (in airway epithelial cells) and lipid droplets. (diff.org)

Membrane Dynamics and Calcium Signaling. (wikipedia.org)
This cell wall may contain virulence factors that interfere with the host membrane microdomains dynamics, potentially impacting the infection outcome. (pasteur.fr)
In plants, however, the plant cell wall imposes a rigid barrier to the real-time tracking of the dynamics of such events with high spatio-temporal accuracy, and this had significantly hampered the efforts of the plant cell research community. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent work shows that pYCav1 in cooperation with the Mgat5/galectin-3 lattice, regulates FAK dynamics in focal adhesions and favours focal adhesion disassembly ad tumor cell migration. (diff.org)

We began investigating sphingolipids many years ago as findings began to emerge showing that certain sphingolipids form 'raft' microdomains in membranes containing cholesterol. (umn.edu)
Despite emergent evidence that TRPA1 is regulated by the membrane environment, it remains unknown whether this channel localizes in membrane microdomains or whether it interacts with cholesterol. (elifesciences.org)
However, it is currently unknown whether TRPA1 is localized in specific domains of the plasma membrane, or whether cholesterol interacts with specific residues of TRPA1. (elifesciences.org)
Bird membranes also contained a relatively large percentage of 22:5 ( n- 6) as well as high levels of cholesterol. (silverchair.com)

Acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) presents a challenge for the action of antitumor drugs by acting as an additional barrier for the passive crossing of the cell membrane by chemotherapic agents playing a critical role in the proliferation of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
WNT signaling regulates central developmental processes of the cell, including cell fate, cell proliferation, cell migration and adult homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
PKC is an important signaling molecule in numerous cell pathways, including cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. (medscape.com)
NTAL is associated with treatment outcome, cell proliferation and differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. (ucdenver.edu)
Accordingly, Sirt2-deficient murine T cells exhibit increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in enhanced proliferation and effector functions and subsequently exhibiting superior antitumor activity. (biomed.news)
Studies suggest that pY14Cav1-mediated control of raft internalization plays an important role in integrin-mediated control of cell proliferation that, when de-regulated, can lead to anchorage-independent growth and transformation and thereby the acquisition of tumorigenic potential. (diff.org)

How can a flat complex deform membranes into nonplanar structures? (bvsalud.org)

PKC isozymes are LR-dependent molecules that link psychosine-induced LR disruption to reduced PKC function and altered cell signaling activity, possibly driving demyelination and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. (medscape.com)

Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. (immune-source.com)
Cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of tumor cells predominantly in 511296-88-1 manufacture G0/G1 phase with an increase in concentration of TD-MSCs, which was confirmed by increased mRNA expression of cell cycle negative regulator p21. (immune-source.com)
Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. (immune-source.com)
Fig. 1: Cis elements in FGF2 required for unconventional secretion from tumor cells. (db-engine.de)
Specifically in cancer, EVs secreted by tumor cells promote the development of tumor-related features in recipient cells and the acquisition of the cancer hallmarks described in the literature [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
There is growing evidence that the dysregulated metabolic activity of tumor cells generates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that orchestrates an impaired anti-tumor immune response. (biomed.news)

The subcellular distribution of the CI-MPR was also altered in CLN3 cells, since it accumulated within the Trans-Golgi network (TGN) and did not progress into the lysosomes. (ac.ir)
The very low internal concentration is maintained by the active transport of Ca 2+ ions against their concentration gradient by Ca 2+ pumps in the plasma membrane, in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), and in the Golgi membranes. (schoolbag.info)
The cells invest energy in this process that not only preserves the low [Ca 2+ ] c but also generates an intracellular source of Ca 2+ within the lumen of intracellular organelles, essentially, the ER/SR and the Golgi apparatus. (schoolbag.info)
A short-term position at Oxford Brookes just after my PhD allowed me to expand my expertise to ER and Golgi as well as acquiring skills in live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
Metabolic regulation of UDP-GlcNAc supply to Golgi N-glycan remodeling regulates glycoprotein affinities for galectins -and in turn, trafficking and presentation at the cell surface. (gr.jp)

A barrier (the plasma membrane) encloses the contents of the cell and allows a host of processes to occur within a confined, and regulated, environment. (ukri.org)
A major component of the plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of a cocktail of different lipid (fat) molecules. (ukri.org)
The plasma membrane is not, however, just lipid molecules. (ukri.org)
pathogen entry/egress (including flu and HIV) and toxin entry, by providing sites in the plasma membrane where these events take place. (ukri.org)
Mechanosensitive ion channels are present in the plasma membranes of all cells. (bvsalud.org)
In the dark, Ziapin2 preferentially dwells in the plasma membrane, causing a thinning of the membrane. (bvsalud.org)
However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. (frontiersin.org)
Fatty acids specifically related to the anisotropic properties of plasma membrane from rat urothelium. (springer.com)
Plasma membrane (PM) channels are gated by potential, ligands or by the emptying of Ca 2+ stores. (schoolbag.info)
These plasma membranes, isolated directly from live cells, allow direct, rapid, and quantitative analysis of component partitioning to raft phases in eukaryotic cell membranes. (levental-lab.com)
Using our unique platform for plasma membrane isolation and detailed lipidomic characterization, we have discovered that mammalian membranes are remarkably complex, plastic, and diverse. (levental-lab.com)
These currents are activated by interaction with ER-resident Ca 2+ sensor molecules STIM that translocate to plasma membrane-near regions in response to store depletion, inducing to store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). (nature.com)
The interaction with PI(4,5)P2 causes FGF2 to oligomerize and to insert into the plasma membrane forming a toroidal pore. (db-engine.de)
Membrane inserted FGF2 oligomers are believed to serve as translocation intermediates that are disassembled by heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes. (db-engine.de)
From plasma membrane endocytosis to exosome secretion, the term "exosome biogenesis" refers to ILV formation in the late endosome, MVBs. (molcells.org)

BMC Cell Biology, 9 , 45. (springer.com)
It took me a while to realize that my interest in biology would center on how cells are spatially and dynamically organized. (janelia.org)

In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
The process of autophagy in mammalian cells involves six principal actions: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, maturation, buy 480-11-5 and degradation [27]. (immune-source.com)
In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)

It is known that the glycoproteins gB, gC, gD and gE are associated with lipid raft microdomains on the surface of infected swine kidney cells and monocytes, and are directed into the axon in a Us9-dependent manner. (princeton.edu)

Storch S, Pohl S, Quitsch A, Falley K, Braulke T. C-terminal prenylation of the CLN3 membrane glycoprotein is required for efficient endosomal sorting to lysosomes. (ac.ir)

Finally, exosomes are secreted from cells by exocytosis of the MVB contents. (molcells.org)

Soluble klotho binds monosialoganglioside to regulate membrane microdomains and growth factor signaling. (ucdenver.edu)

Furthermore, we revealed extensive association of PI(4,5)P 2 with Ca V 2.1 and GIRK3 across different membrane compartments, whereas its association with mGluR1α was compartment specific. (jneurosci.org)

set the stage for the still ongoing debate on the role of bulk flow versus receptor-mediated transport of cargo molecules through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. (biologists.com)
Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
A feed-forward pathway drives LRRK2 kinase membrane recruitment and activation. (stanford.edu)
Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Conversely, genetic or metabolic restoration of the transsulfuration pathway in SAA metabolism significantly alleviates the outcomes induced by HNF4α deficiency in liver cancer cells. (biomed.news)

In fungal organisms, a complex cell wall network usually mediates the first contact with the host cells. (pasteur.fr)
It is somatically expressed in mammalian organisms and its proteolytic action influences several physiological and pathological processes. (frontiersin.org)
Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)

Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
While the virus expresses in mammalian cells, the baculovirus genome is silent, and it cannot replicate to produce new virus in mammalian cells. (montanamolecular.com)

These clusters show preferential accumulation in specific membrane compartments of different cell types, in particular, in Purkinje cell (PC) spines and granule cell (GC) presynaptic active zones. (jneurosci.org)
This method revealed PI(4,5)P 2 clusters preferentially accumulated in specific membrane compartments and its distinct associations with Ca V 2.1, GIRK3, and mGluR1α in the mouse cerebellum. (jneurosci.org)
However, this method has insufficient spatial resolution to observe the nanoscale PIs distribution in small membrane compartments, such as presynaptic active zones (AZs) and postsynaptic densities (PSDs). (jneurosci.org)
Bilayer membranes also serve as internal partitions to enable formation of functionally-specialized compartments within cells. (umn.edu)
These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)

It was reported that SM could form cluster in outer leaflet of the membrane, where juxtapose inner leaflet region could recruit phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase to form PIP 2 . (sphingolipidclub.com)

Anticancer lipopeptide C6-Pep dimer containing the leucine zipper motif shows an increased uptake into the model tumor membrane in TME, and application of external heat might lead to the uncoiling of the zipper, which could result in cell lysis. (bvsalud.org)

Cell surface biotinylation after EGF (2 ng/mL) stimulation, EGF phosphorylation (Tyr-845), retromer and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) levels and stability, EGF degradation pathways and cathepsin L and D levels were analysed by western blots. (ac.ir)
Overexpression of an inactive mutant of Cav-1 lacking the tyrosine phosphorylation site (Y14F) or an siRNA-mediated Cav-1 knock down also resulted in marked attenuation of IL-1β-induced iNOS gene expression and NO release from these cells, thus further implicating Cav-1 in this signaling cascade. (diabetesjournals.org)
Overexpression of Vav in the RBL-2H3 mast cell line resulted in the constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Vav. (aai.org)
We conclude that Vav phosphorylation contributes to IL-6 induction in mast cells. (aai.org)

Sapon K, Janas T, Sikorski AF, Janas T. Polysialic acid chains exhibit enhanced affinity for ordered regions of membranes. (ucdenver.edu)

The lateral diffusion of microdomains additionally depends on the action of fast endogenous buffers (which remove the calcium and transport it away from the active zone). (wikipedia.org)

many are transporters that move small molecules into or out of the cell, others serve to anchor the cell to other cells or to the extracellular matrix, others bind small molecules such as growth factors or hormones at the outside of the cell and transmit signals into the interior of cell. (ukri.org)
Generally, extracellular stimuli are converted in a transient increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, [Ca 2+ ] c , which, in turn, modulates cell function. (schoolbag.info)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Efficient quality control and export of procollagen from the cell is crucial for extracellular matrix homeostasis, yet it is still incompletely understood. (janelia.org)

In this lecture, I will focus on several new roles of SphKs and Spns2 in regulation of immune cell trafficking, cancer progression, and pulmonary metastasis. (sphingolipidclub.com)
He completed my graduate training in Dr. Michael Demetriou's lab studying the regulation of N-glycan branching in T cells, and its dysregulation in multiple sclerosis. (gr.jp)

Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
PY14C av1 has been localized to focal adhesions using a monoclonal antibody, suggesting a specific function in cell migration processes. (diff.org)

Considering its pleiotropic role, it seems evident that the cells, to get a specific message in the proper time and manner, need precise and efficient mechanisms to encode and decode Ca 2+ signals. (schoolbag.info)
The mechanisms by which cells decode Ca 2+ signals are now explored in numerous laboratories. (schoolbag.info)

The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)

We used infected non-polarized and polarized PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line that acquires many of the characteristics of sympathetic neurons in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). (princeton.edu)

Actionable targets that rescue the effector activity of antitumor T cells remain elusive. (biomed.news)

To study the effect of Ziapin2 on the mechanosensitive channels, we expressed human TRAAK (hTRAAK) channels in HEK293T cells. (bvsalud.org)

To guarantee the specificity of the signal transmission, the cell organizes dynamically the Ca 2+ fluctuations in the cytosol by varying the distribution, the type, and the availability of the different Ca 2+ transporters, and it increases the spatial and temporal complexity of Ca 2+ homeostasis by compartmentalizing the signals into the organelles. (schoolbag.info)
Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
cADDis can be multiplexed with other colored sensors, to measure two different signals, in the same cell, at the same time. (montanamolecular.com)

Eukaryotic cells, including human cells, surround themselves with bilayer membranes, i.e. thin, flexible layers that are only two molecules thick. (umn.edu)
We began to elucidate the importance of GLTPs for eukaryotic cells by using PCR approaches to clone GLTPs from various mammals as well as plants and fungi. (umn.edu)
Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by media containing free Ca 2+ concentrations that exceed 1 mM, but they manage to maintain a free Ca 2+ concentration in the cytoplasm that is four orders of magnitude lower. (schoolbag.info)

Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cyt2Aa forms filamentous oligomers when exposed to lipid membranes or detergents. (ki.si)

The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)

What is the lateral organization of membranes, how is it regulated, and how does it influence cell physiology? (levental-lab.com)

Modelling the role of membrane mechanics in cell adhesion on titanium oxide nanotubes. (ki.si)
Similarly, pY14Cav1 was shown to stabilize FAK, focal adhesion kinase and other components within focal adhesions, and lead to enhanced focal adhesions turnover and tumor cell migration. (diff.org)

The mammalian Vps10p sorting receptor family is a group of 5 type I membrane homologs (Sortilin, SorLA, and SorCS1-3). (biomedcentral.com)
Cav1 has also been localized to the nucleus of ovarian carcinoma cells where it binds directly to promoter regions of the cyclin D1 and folate receptor genes. (diff.org)

Remarkably, upregulation of Sirt2 in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) negatively correlates with response to TIL therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. (biomed.news)

This accumulation causes formation of globoid cells (hematogenous often-multinucleated macrophages containing undigested galactosylceramide), which is the histologic hallmark of Krabbe disease. (medscape.com)

We have investigated this diversity across a variety of contexts, including neuronal development, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and dietary fatty acid feeding. (levental-lab.com)

Anatomy49

Organisms16

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs93

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins50

Caveolae6

Cellular20

Rafts11

Receptors8

Interactions10

Transmembrane1

Lipids4

Molecular8

Localization3

Protein12

Vesicles8

Dynamics4

Cholesterol4

Proliferation8

Structures1

Disruption1

Tumor cells6

Golgi5

Plasma15

Biology2

Autophagy3

Associated with lipid1

Endosomal1

Exocytosis1

Regulate membrane1

Different membrane1

Pathway5

Organisms3

Genome2

Compartments5

Outer leaflet1

Uptake1

Phosphorylation4

Affinity1

Lateral diffusion1

Extracellular4

Regulation2

Processes2

Mechanisms2

Roles1

Neurons1

Remain elusive1

HEK293T1

Signals3

Eukaryotic cells3

Oligomers1

Molecules1

Physiology1

Adhesion2

Receptor2

Remarkably1

Accumulation1

Differentiation1