• PI3K activates a number of signaling molecules, among which the Akt/mTOR pathway is of particular interest because of its role in inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous researches completed by our team have also demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the central nervous system, the deletion of LCN2 induces deficits in neural stem cells proliferation and commitment, with an impact on the hippocampal-dependent contextual fear discriminative task. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, stress is a well-known regulator of cell genesis and is known to decrease adult hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
  • We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
  • Our analyses confirm the association of the proteome profile observed in BAG3-silenced cells with an increase in cell survival and a decrease in cell proliferation and invasion, and highlight the possible involvement of four tumor suppressor miRNAs and TP53/63 proteins in BAG3 activity. (oncotarget.com)
  • Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
  • This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
  • Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • AP4 presumably contributes to the phenotype of cancer cells by activating or repressing genes that harbor CAGCTG elements in their promoter regions, thereby controlling processes such as proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) pathway has been reported as an important intracellular mediator frequently activated in cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular mechanism(s) and intracellular mediators of both spontaneous-and treatment-induced apoptosis are not fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treating SMMC-7721 cells with Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, significantly reduce hTERT protein level but did not affect hTERT transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SEs are defined as large clusters of active enhancers in large clusters that are enriched with high levels of transcription factors (TFs), master co-factors, mediator complexes, RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), and epigenetic modifications [ 5 , 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • p15 (PC4,Sub1) is involved not only in transcription, but also in DNA replication, damage repair, chromatin formation, and cell cycle regulation. (grassius.org)
  • Kretzschmar M, Kaiser K, Lottspeich F, Meisterernst M. A novel mediator of class II gene transcription with homology to viral immediate-early transcriptional regulators. (grassius.org)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 is a 2080 amino acid long protein that in humans is encoded by the MDC1 gene located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 6. (wikipedia.org)
  • MDC1 protein is a regulator of the Intra-S phase and the G2/M cell cycle checkpoints and recruits repair proteins to the site of DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is involved in determining cell survival fate in association with tumor suppressor protein p53. (wikipedia.org)
  • The MDC1 gene encodes the MDC1 nuclear protein which is part of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, the mechanism through which eukaryotic cells respond to damaged DNA, specifically DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) that are caused by ionizing radiation or chemical clastogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The MDC1s role in DDR is to function both as a mediator/adaptor protein mediating a complex of other DDR proteins at the site of DNA damage and repairing DNA damage through its PST domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein is required to activate the intra-S phase and G2/M phase cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies on lung cancer cell lines (A549 cells) showed an increase in apoptosis in response to genotoxic agents when MDC1 protein levels were reduced with siRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition or loss of MDC1 protein through studies with siRNA on human cells or knockout studies in mice have shown several defects at both the cellular and organismal level. (wikipedia.org)
  • In many cell lines, exposure to rapamycin results in a relatively small decrease in overall protein synthesis (~15-20%), but dose result specifically in G1 cell cycle arrest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
  • One puzzle involves the ability of an IFIT protein previously known as IFIT1 to distinguish between cellular (mammalian) mRNAs and viral mRNAs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Expression and purification of epitope-tagged multisubunit protein complexes from mammalian cells. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Activation of the sphingomyelin cycle by brefeldin A: effects of brefeldin A on differentiation and implications for a role for ceramide in regulation of protein trafficking. (musc.edu)
  • Besides, it plays an important role in many other mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, a disruption in iron regulatory protein, nitric oxide release,inflammatory mediators, calcium dysregulation, autophagy and cell death. (fusabil.org)
  • TGF-β family members are key molecular mediators of pathological tissue fibrosis. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • 1 It has been found that exosomes can mediate local and systemic cell communication with transmitting signals from one cell to another on the molecular level. (dovepress.com)
  • 2 , 3 Tumor cell-derived exosomes carry particular molecular components originated from donor cells to mediate tumorigenesis and drive tumor progression by regulating tumor microenvironment. (dovepress.com)
  • In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and prophylactic effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mammalian ovary has all the molecular machinery required for the biosynthesis of melatonin and interestingly concentration of melatonin in the follicular fluid of pre-ovulatory follicles is much higher than circulatory melatonin even in humans. (jrhm.org)
  • Reuben J. Shaw, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The expression of anti-inflammatory cell signaling molecules, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitory-κBα (IκBα), iNOS and COX-2, was evaluated by western blot analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, there have been no studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of GSP in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After liver injury, recruited inflammatory cells accumulate in the damaged site. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GPR40/FFA1 and neutral sphingomyelinase are involved in palmitate-boosted inflammatory response of microvascular endothelial cells to LPS. (musc.edu)
  • 2012). antigens that induce airway inflammation with the release of Although many studies investigated the association between inflammatory mediators. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Chinese hamster ovary) cell suspension culture and purified by chromatography including specific viral inactivation and removal procedures. (who.int)
  • The multistep transformation of normal cells into malignant cells involves genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote the aberrant expression of critical oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes [ 1 , 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Submitter supplied) To identify VGLL1 target genes we performed RNA-seq following siRNA-mediated VGLL1 downregulation in FULVR cells. (nih.gov)
  • In this next research phase they hope to identify genes and proteins that help or hinder this ability of retinal ganglion cells to regenerate, grow axons to a target and become functional in mice. (nih.gov)
  • They expect their studies to identify a list of small molecules and candidate genes that contribute to the ability of photoreceptor cells to home in on their appropriate target cells in the retina, known as bipolar cells. (nih.gov)
  • Strittmatter and his team also are searching for genes that contribute to the regeneration of axons from retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
  • Dysregulation of CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8) and its regulatory partner CycC (Cyclin C) , two subunits of the conserved Mediator (MED) complex, have been linked to diverse human diseases such as cancer. (sdbonline.org)
  • We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell culture-based (ccIIV4) vs standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among health care personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in 2 influenza seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020). (cdc.gov)
  • The SEs consist of critical epigenetic regulatory elements, which modulate the biological characteristics of digestive system tumors including tumor cell identity and differentiation, tumorigenesis, environmental response, immune response, and chemotherapeutic resistance. (ijbs.com)
  • In stratified epithelia proliferative basal cells adherent to the underlying basement membrane undergo cell cycle arrest then outward migration and terminal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)
  • Specific role in cell differentiation. (musc.edu)
  • Role of ceramide as a lipid mediator of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced HL-60 cell differentiation. (musc.edu)
  • Role in cell differentiation. (musc.edu)
  • Roquin proteins preclude spontaneous T cell activation and aberrant differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome can affect the pathology of peripheral organs in several ways ( 7 ), transfer functional biomolecules horizontally between bacterial and mammalian host cells by releasing the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) ( 7 ), and affect the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by regulating energy metabolism ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Peritoneal injury initiates a proinflammatory response with the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin-1 interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).8-12 studies using human mesothelial cells 12 have shown that these proinflammatory cytokines individually and synergistically stimulate the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and reduce the synthesis of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • NAR can be encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles-TPP conjugates, thereby improving NAR cellular absorption and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • After ingestion of melanoma-derived exosomes during incubation, mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells emerged cellular invasiveness with the presentation of a marked increase in miR-21 expression. (dovepress.com)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Inactivation of AP4 in CRC cell lines resulted in increased spontaneous and c-MYC-induced DNA damage, chromosomal instability (CIN) and cellular senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But these treatments, to some extent, easily produce side effects on normal cells, organs, and other tissues of the human body, thus accelerating the death process of cancer patients. (hindawi.com)
  • These participate in transcriptional/translational feedback loops and many homologous clock-components in the fruit fly Drosophila are also expressed in mammalian clock tissues with circadian rhythms. (bioone.org)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • Skin malignancies, including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), alone account for nearly as many cancers as all other tissues combined. (stanford.edu)
  • Together, these findings implicate LCN2 as a relevant mediator of neuronal plasticity and brain function in the adult mammalian brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • of c Abl signaling to MST kinases more builds the situation that c Abl can be a crucial regulator in neuronal cell death. (aktinhibitor.com)
  • The facts that prostate cancer cells retain the inherent apoptotic machinery potentially subject them to an appropriate efficacious chemotherapeutic intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is at the core of the brain regenerative response. (frontiersin.org)
  • This cytokine family is represented by three mammalian Gilteritinib isoforms TGF-β1 TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 which are thought to have distinct functions on a 12-hour day-night cycle according to Home Office regulations. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • Isoforms of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) have distinct effects on mammary epithelial cells. (famri.org)
  • Mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ play different roles in genome stability, but their precise role in heterochromatin structure is unclear. (cipsm.de)
  • Inhibition of BRD4 suppresses the malignancy of breast cancer cells via regulation of Snail. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Furthermore, Mediator of DNA damage Checkpoint 1 ( MDC1 ), a central component of the DNA damage response and a known target of miR-22-3p, displayed decreased expression in AP4 -deficient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammalian cells the DDR is a network of pathways made up of proteins that function as either kinases, or and mediator/adaptors that recruit the kinases to their phosphorylation targets, these factors work together to detect DNA damage, and signal the repair mechanism as well as activating cell cycle checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells have evolved with conserved recombination mediated genome editing pathways as a mean for repairing DSBs and restarting replication forks, thus allowing genome duplication to continue [ 8 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • This study investigated changes in mTOR pathway and telomerase activity in hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 treated with chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu may down-regulate telomerase activity at both transcriptional level and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-dependent post-transcriptional level to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • implying that NQO1 pathway may not be the main target for genistein-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CHIA is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages. (thermofisher.com)
  • Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which does not depend upon sequence homology, is the key repair pathway during the G0/G1 stages of the cell cycle [ 10 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Ceramide generated by sphingomyelin hydrolysis and the salvage pathway is involved in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Bax redistribution to mitochondria in NT-2 cells. (musc.edu)
  • The sphingomyelin cycle: a prototypic sphingolipid signaling pathway. (musc.edu)
  • Although voluntary running, another well-known regulator of neurogenesis, is sufficient to rescue the defective hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in LCN2-null mice by promoting stem cells' cell cycle progression and maturation, the relevance of LCN2-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis in response to stress has never been explored. (bvsalud.org)
  • The tumor re-growth that occurs after post-treatment remission is largely due to progression of initially androgen-dependent to androgen-independent cancer cell [ 4 ] and/or non-proliferating to proliferating tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When a cell is exposed to ionizing radiation, its chromatin can be damaged with DSB, triggering the DDR which starts with the MRN complex recruiting ATM kinase to the exposed H2AX histones on the damaged DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, a viable therapeutic strategy may involve triggering the cell death mechanism in cancer cells by blocking mitochondrial metabolism with a natural substance. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Ceramide-enriched membrane domains in red blood cells and the mechanism of sphingomyelinase-induced hot-cold hemolysis. (musc.edu)
  • This mechanism of transmission contrasts with that of the two subspecies of African trypanosomes that cause human disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which are transmitted via the saliva of their vectors, and with the mechanism by which the nonpathogenic trypanosome found in the Americas, Trypanosoma rangeli , is transmitted to its mammalian hosts. (medscape.com)
  • T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
  • Zack, Gamm, and their teams plan to study precursor photoreceptor cells derived from human stem cells to determine what factors help coax them into becoming fully developed and connected photoreceptor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Submitter supplied) To investigate the function of VGLL1 in breast cancer and its role in the resistance to endocrine therapies we generated stable MCF7 cells overexpressing VGLL1 using CRISPR/Cas9 Synergistic Activation Mediator (SAM) method (MCF7 ActCas9-VGLL1 cells). (nih.gov)
  • A CRISPR/Cas9 approach was employed to generate AP4 -deficient CRC cell lines with inducible expression of c-MYC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the entire set of proteins modulated by BAG3 silencing in the human anaplastic thyroid 8505C cancer cells by using the Stable-Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture strategy combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (oncotarget.com)
  • By this approach we identified 37 up-regulated and 54 down-regulated proteins in BAG3-silenced cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • 10 High expression of miR-21 in melanoma cells inhibits mRNA expression of crucial tumor suppressor proteins such as the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3). (dovepress.com)
  • Although there is evidence of the generation of B and T memory cells to SARS-CoV-2 proteins after infection ( 4 , 5 ), it has also been documented that neutralizing seroconversion is heterogeneous among the population ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence indicating that OXPHOS plays a substantial role in the development of many cancer cells has led to the growing recognition of cancer as a metabolic disease. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Therefore chemotherapeutic strategies should focus on eradicating all cancer cells irrespective of state of growth or sensitivity to hormone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reciprocal relationship between HSCs and precancerous hepatocytes or hepatoma cells promotes tumorigenesis, migration and invasion of cancer cells, and formation of metastasis ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We hypothesized that IL-22 regulation would occur at the interface between cancer cells and immune cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Breast and lung cancer cells of murine and human origin induced IL-22 production from memory CD4 + T cells. (cipsm.de)
  • In the USA, obesity has recent- obesity is associated with progres- aberrations of cancer cells, summa- ly surpassed tobacco use as the sion but not incidence [9]. (who.int)
  • Role for ceramide as an endogenous mediator of Fas-induced cytotoxicity. (musc.edu)
  • Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
  • This activates cascade of events which, in the end, affects oxidative status of the cells and provides robust protection against oxidative challenge. (springer.com)
  • In addition, it is an important fat-soluble antioxidant tasked with protecting lipoproteins and cell membranes against oxidative damage. (fusabil.org)
  • Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. (hindawi.com)
  • In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Identification and characterization of murine mitochondria-associated neutral sphingomyelinase (MA-nSMase), the mammalian sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 5. (musc.edu)
  • The gut microbiota serves as a crucial mediator of Cd-induced toxicity and is intricately involved in host toxicology. (frontiersin.org)
  • The latter encompass human skin regenerated on immune deficient mice as well as organotypic constructs with epithelial and stromal cells embedded within architecturally faithful mesenchyma in vitro. (stanford.edu)
  • Mammalian RNAi constructs have been constructed as described. (aktinhibitor.com)
  • High-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) in human cell lines has been proposed as a first-tier screening approach for determining the types of bioactivity a chemical can cause (activation of specific targets vs. generalized cell stress) and for calculating transcriptional points of departure (tPODs) based on changes in gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
  • 1. The presence of nerve fibers in contact with touch, the "emotional touch", which is vital for the the skin surface skin cells (keratinocytes) survival and maintenance of our species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we showed that deletion of Roquin-encoding alleles specifically in regulatory T (Treg) cells also caused the activation of conventional T cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Up-regulation of telomerase activity is thought to be a critical step leading to cell transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5-Fu and rapamycin were synergistic in regards to down-regulation of telomerase activity in hepatocarcinoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent identification of a mammalian siderophore also suggested a physiological role for LCN2 in the regulation of iron levels and redox state. (bvsalud.org)
  • MiR-21 promoted invasion of fibroblasts by down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) expression and increasing of matrix metalloprotein (MMP) expression in fibroblast cells via melanoma-derived exosomes in a time-dependent manner. (dovepress.com)
  • Time series modeling of cell cycle exit identifies Brd4 dependent regulation of cerebellar neurogenesis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • We also present a thorough analysis of the role of succinate in the initiation of metabolic and epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of cancer, as well as its effects on angiogenesis, cell invasion, and migration. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we set out to determine the relevance of AP4 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treating SMMC-7721 cells with 5-Fu leads to apoptosis of the cells, and reduction in telomerase activity, as well as a dramatic reduction in the activated form of p70 S6 kinase, a mTOR substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 promotes cell death of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (nih.gov)
  • Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2, a physiologic mediator of cell death. (nih.gov)
  • Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to multiple cancer therapeutics. (nih.gov)
  • Chemical genetics reveals the requirement for Polo-like kinase 1 activity in positioning RhoA and triggering cytokinesis in human cells. (famri.org)
  • The experiments were repeated for three times and quantative density is indicated Lysates of HEK 293T cells transfected with the FLAG MST2 or Y81F expression plasmid were immunoprecipitated with all the anti FLAG antibody and subjected to an in vitro kinase assay employing Histone H2B as substrate in the presence of ATP. (aktinhibitor.com)
  • In female mammals, a unique characteristic of meiosis, not observed in other types of cells, is the prolonged arrest during the prophase stage of meiosis I. In oocytes, DNA double-strand breaks can be repaired during meiosis I by a process involving microtubule-dependent recruitment of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Role for ceramide in cell cycle arrest. (musc.edu)
  • Shao N, Zhou Y, Yao J, Zhang P, Song Y, Zhang K, Han X, Wang B* , Liu X* . A Bidirectional Single-Cell Migration and Retrieval Chip for Quantitative Study of Dendritic Cell Migration *Co-corresponding authors. (mdanderson.org)
  • Cell invasion and migration assays were performed using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA). (dovepress.com)
  • Cell counting and MTT assays were used to assess cell viability in the absence or presence of GSP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Metastasis Assays 435s M14 cells were transfected with pcDNA EGFP N1, and pcDNA3.1 Zeo luciferase into pcDNA3.one Zeo, followed by zeocin G418 selection. (aktinhibitor.com)
  • Role of tumor-derived exosomal miR-21 in cell invasion was determined by qPCR. (dovepress.com)
  • The invasion analysis showed that exosome-treated fibroblast cells had greater invasive capability as compared to untreated fibroblast cells, with the higher expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. (dovepress.com)
  • Studies have shown that miR-21 can promote invasion of melanoma cells. (dovepress.com)
  • Chemotherapy, either at conventional levels or in the higher-dosed myeloablative protocols used in conditioning regimens (with or without total body radiation in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation [HCT]), often results in erythema, edema, atrophy, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, a condition generally referred to as oral mucositis. (medscape.com)
  • Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
  • DSBs are cytotoxic lesions, which if left unrepaired could lead to genomic instability, cancer and even cell death. (springeropen.com)
  • However, erroneous repair of DSBs can lead to chromosomal rearrangements and loss of heterozygosity, which in turn can also cause cancer and cell death. (springeropen.com)
  • Failure to repair DSBs can lead to unwanted consequences, such as loss of genetic information, chromosomal rearrangements and even cell death. (springeropen.com)
  • Programmed cell death induced by ceramide. (musc.edu)
  • IL-22 has been identified as a cancer-promoting cytokine that is secreted by infiltrating immune cells in several cancer models. (cipsm.de)
  • Identification of arachidonic acid as a mediator of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha. (musc.edu)
  • Phospholipase A2 is necessary for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced ceramide generation in L929 cells. (musc.edu)
  • Light that enters the eye activates rod and cone photoreceptors, which then activates retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • Knock out MDC1 mice cells and silenced human cells were radiosensitive, failed to initiate Intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints, failed to produce ionizing radiation-induced foci had poor phosphorylation by the DRR kinases (ATM, CHK1, CHK2), defects in homologous recombination. (wikipedia.org)
  • MCF7 ActCas9-VGLL1 cells were also cultured in the presence of fulvestrant 100nmM or 1µM to develop fulvestrant resistant cells (MCF7 ActCas9-VGLL1-FULVR) and RNA-seq was performed in the different cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • As epimastigotes (depicted in the first image below) move to the hindgut, they differentiate into metacyclic trypomastigotes (depicted in the second image below), which are nondividing forms resistant to mammalian complement that have the capacity to infect mammalian cells. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • SDH is a mitochondrial enzyme (complex II) that participates in both the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (scientificarchives.com)
  • As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)