Mammalian cells intracellular amino acid amino acids neutral. Medical search. Frequent questions

1992), A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues re. (xenbase.org)
A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation. (xenbase.org)
Amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation: charge neutralizations and deletions in the III-IV linker. (xenbase.org)
Defensins are small cationic peptides of 45-54 amino acid residues with a conserved signature of cysteines, which can form three to four disulfide bridges. (frontiersin.org)
Because positively charged residues in NT-3 are important for binding to trkB, two negatively charged aspartate residues within the 11 amino acid motif of FL trkB were mutated to examine the role of electrostatic interactions on ligand binding. (jneurosci.org)
A cooperative and competitive interaction between multiple enzymes, cell lines, and cell culture conditions causes processing of the oligosaccharide structure during which some of the already attached moieties like mannose are trimmed to yield a fiveâ residue core (Man3GlcNAc2), to which N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose, galactose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or Neu5Ac) residues get added in a probabilistic fashion. (chromatographyonline.com)
The ligand-bound TM configuration promotes asymmetric dimerization of the intracellular juxta-membrane (JM) and kinase domains, which causes autophosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues ( 6 , 7 ). (biorxiv.org)

In contrast to the influx of amino acids, the degradation of proteins is also the important intracellular mechanism for releasing free amino acids both under steady-state conditions and during cellular stresses. (spandidos-publications.com)
The env gene maintained an ORF coding for a 538-amino acid polypeptide that has all the characteristic features of env proteins and mediates intercellular fusion in vitro [ 11 - 13 ]. (ecancer.org)
They are members of the rBAT family of mammalian proteins (TC #8.A.9). (tcdb.org)
N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)
Variations in the amino acids are reflected by small conformational changes in the tertiary structure that contribute to the broad range of biological activities in these proteins. (frontiersin.org)
In the cell, most tasks are performed by big molecules called proteins, which behave like molecular machines. (elifesciences.org)
Keratin-associated proteins are initially produced in the cytoplasm among keratin bundles that accumulate in cortical and cuticle cells of hair. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Interactions between light and various cells in cultures, such as bacteria or mammalian cells, are widely applied for optical sensors and optofluidic systems. (mdpi.com)
Pathogens, including fungi, viruses, parasites, or intracellular bacteria can induce and may benefit from lipid droplets in infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Lateral phage transfer in obligate intracellular bacteria (wolbachia): verification from natural populations. (mbl.edu)
Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)
The main role of the enzyme called NfsA in Escherichia coli bacteria is thought to be to convert molecules called quinones into hydroquinones, which can protect the cell from toxic molecules produced in oxidation reactions. (elifesciences.org)
Producing hydroquinones is helpful to the cell in some situations, but if bacteria are regularly exposed to chloramphenicol, NfsA's role aiding antibiotic resistance could become more important. (elifesciences.org)

The maintenance of the intracellular level of amino acids is crucial for cellular homeostasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Despite the low level of amino acid sequence identity between defensins, their three dimensional structures are remarkably similar between different plant defensins ( Pelegrini and Franco, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)

have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)
This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)

The transport of serum amino acids into cells is an active process that is facilitated by plasma membrane-localized amino acid transporters. (spandidos-publications.com)
The members of the L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) family are Na + -independent transporters that deliver neutral amino acids into cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Secondary active transporters of the SLC11/NRAMP family catalyse the uptake of iron and manganese into cells. (nature.com)
The kinetic properties are representative of the Na+- dependent high-affinity glutamate-aspartate transporters referred to as the X AG - class of amino acid transporters. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent to our kinetic identification of the transport process, significant advances have been achieved in the genetic and protein identification and characterization of the X AG - transporter class as EAATs (excitatory amino acid transporters). (biomedcentral.com)

The knockdown of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) by siRNA also enhanced GEF-induced cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present report is concerned with the identification of this putative L-aspartate transporter in rat and human prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This study shows that EAAC1 functions as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter that is responsible for the uptake and accumulation of aspartate in prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In other cells (predominantly excitable tissue cells), EAAC1 has been reported to function as a glutamate transporter rather than as an aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the LAT family plays important roles in the development and function of normal tissues, they are frequently increased in cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Given its particular distribution in normal human tissues and its potential roll as an immune modulator and in amino acid transport, tissue tolerance and protection against retroviral infection, syncytin could be a potential target for immune therapy using specific inhibitors. (ecancer.org)
A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
Brown, '70) and possibly in certain mammalian tissues (De Vries et al. (docksci.com)
During eucaloric conditions the continual breakdown of protein that occurs in the body's organs and vital tissues is replenished in the post-absorptive state via supply of amino acids derived primarily from the skeletal muscle component of FFM[ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
I-FABP) and bovine heart fatty acid-binding pro- tissues and in intracellular as well as extracellular tein (H-FABP). (lu.se)

Only one amino acid substitution can change the spectrum of activity exhibited by these peptides ( Carvalho and Gomes, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
MHC class II genes are mainly expressed on specialized antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, which monitor the extracellular environment and use MHC receptors to present peptides of extracellular pathogens to the T-cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cy3-labeled versions of both peptides were localized in the endothelial cells of arterial vessels in the rats. (go.jp)
The accumulation of both peptides in the endothelial cells suggested in vivo inhibitory activity of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme. (go.jp)
The protease not only releases small peptides, such as the amyloid-β peptide, which drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but also intracellular domains, which can have critical functions in nuclear signaling. (cipsm.de)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)

Macroautophagy (thereafter designated as autophagy) is a self-digestive system conserved in all eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Zweytick D , Athenstaedt K , Daum G . Intracellular lipid particles of eukaryotic cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Together, these results indicate that the structure of the rhodopsin N terminus must be maintained by an appropriate amino acid sequence surrounding N2 and may require a carbohydrate moiety at N15. (jneurosci.org)
They were characterized as a new member of the thionine family due to their similarity in molecular mass, amino acid sequence and number of cysteines. (frontiersin.org)
A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. (lookformedical.com)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
Glycosylation refers to a sequence of events that take place in the Golgi body and the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells of the expression system (predominantly mammalian) that lead to post-translational addition and processing of carbohydrate or glycan moieties to the protein backbone (usually serine- or threonineâ linked glycosylation for O-linked glycans and asparagineâ linked glycosylation for N-linked glycans) (6). (chromatographyonline.com)

The preceding report shows that deletions within the intracellular linker between domains III and IV remove inactivation, but mutation of conserved basic and paired acidic amino acids has little effect. (xenbase.org)
Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic . (alchetron.com)

Cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies are engineered by replacing one or more amino acids of a parent anti-MUC16 antibody with non cross-linked, reactive cysteine amino acids. (justia.com)
6 Keratin is especially rich in cysteine, which is a sulfur-containing amino acid capable of forming disulfide bonds between molecules, thus adding strength and elasticity to the entire structure (Figure 1). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Cells use a number of mechanisms to sense and maintain their homeostatic levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cell hydration, which is under tight homeostatic control, determines if body water is retained, lost, or produced by metabolism [2-10]. (ppexmed.com)

However, it maintained most of the functional genetic variation at MHC loci present in the remaining and genetically healthier lynx species at all nucleotide, amino acid, and supertype levels. (biomedcentral.com)

Amino acids are essential for cellular homeostasis, growth and proliferation via their contribution to a diverse range of cellular processes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Transmembrane or otherwise tumor-associated polypeptides specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as compared to normal, non-cancerous cell(s) have been identified as cellular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy with antibodies. (justia.com)
Confocal microscopy-based imaging and quantitative analysis of root parenchyma cells at the division-elongation transition zone showed increased average cell diameter as a sign of cellular heterosis in plants from TH17/17 and TH21/2 triploid lines. (bvsalud.org)
Activation of EGFR regulates essential cellular processes including cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis ( 1 ). (biorxiv.org)
The isolate's superior amino acid profile is enriched with essential amino acids for cellular repair and glutathione production (Marshall, 2004)[2]. (leanfactor.com)

Autophagic cell death was excluded as the inhibition of autophagy did not attenuate the cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)
Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the '%''-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. (docksci.com)

Resistance was due to a mutation in the nsy-1 gene, orthologous to the mammalian ASK-1 MAPKKK. (stanford.edu)
Efficient expression of Escherichia coli galactokinase gene in mammalian cells. (xenbase.org)
Using these variants, we map and validate gene-disease associations in two independent biobanks containing exome sequencing from 10,900 and 32,268 individuals, respectively, and elucidate their impact on protein expression in human cells. (nature.com)
The classic view of information processing in the cell by gene expression occurs through transcription followed by translation. (nature.com)
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)

This is carried out via the regulation of both the influx from the extracellular environment and the recycling of intracellular resources. (spandidos-publications.com)

Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)

Amino acids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of compounds commonly concentrated by active transport, and their uptake has been studied in a wide variety of microbial and mammalian systems. (docksci.com)
Among the different CQAs (generally only a few for microbial products and more for mammalian products), a glycosylation profile of a product is well-recognized as a CQA that requires stringent monitoring and control. (chromatographyonline.com)

These glycoproteins include the CD98 heavy chain protein of Mus musculus (gbU25708) and the orthologous 4F2 cell surface antigen heavy chain of Homo sapiens (spP08195). (tcdb.org)

Common aqueous acids include hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride which is found in gastric acid in the stomach and activates digestive enzymes ), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and citric acid (found in citrus fruits). (alchetron.com)

In all other cells, DMT1 is found in intracellular membranes where it promotes the exit of endocytosed Fe 2+ from endosomes into the cytoplasm 9 . (nature.com)
‍ Cell hydration is perturbed by manifold osmotic stressors because cells' plasma membranes are semipermeable to water and solutes. (ppexmed.com)

No. 4,975,278) allows targeted delivery of the drug moiety to tumors, and intracellular accumulation therein, where systemic administration of these unconjugated drug agents may result in unacceptable levels of toxicity to normal cells as well as the tumor cells sought to be eliminated (Baldwin et al (1986) Lancet pp. (justia.com)

The invention also relates to methods of using antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions. (justia.com)
It inhibits chymotrypsin-like proteinases in vivo and has cytotoxic killer-cell activity in vitro. (lookformedical.com)

1 L/d of drinking water was associated with concurrent changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and micronutrient metabolism, a metabolomic pattern of carbohydrate oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, instead of glycolysis to lactate, and a reduction of chronic disease risk factors in Week 6. (ppexmed.com)

Therefore, these cells must possess a plasma membrane-associated aspartate uptake transport process to achieve their functional activity. (biomedcentral.com)
ABSTRACT The uptake of L-alanine into BHK21-Cl3 cells i n culture has been studied. (docksci.com)
68) via uptake systems specific for single amino acids or groups of structurally related amino acids. (docksci.com)
Uptake assay procedure Amino acid uptake was examined using a modification of the method described by Hatanaka et al. (docksci.com)

Histoplasma capsulatum cell wall {beta}-glucan induces lipid body formation through CD18, TLR2, and dectin-1 receptors: correlation with leukotriene B4 generation and role in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)

By contrast, IFIH1 a sensor of intracellular double-stranded RNA, has been inactivated by mutations in pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, in citrate-producing prostate cells, aspartate is an essential amino acid that must be derived from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)

The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)
Because of ethical and experimental constraints and more important, to reduce and refine animal experimentation, we used our repository of well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures from various domesticated and wildlife animal species to assess their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)

May affect specific membrane functions, such as septum formation during cell division, and cell membrane permeability. (gu.se)
As specialized, inducible cytoplasmic organelles, lipid droplets have functions beyond the regulation of lipid metabolism, in cell signalling and activation, membrane trafficking and control of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion. (microbiologyresearch.org)
MHC class I genes are expressed on the cell membrane of all nucleated cells and defend against intracellular threats (as viral pathogens) and malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog which can be intercalated into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed [1][2]. (medchemexpress.com)

The MHC is a multigene family described as the most important genetic component of the mammalian immune system, with broad implications in ecology and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a multigene family often described as the most important genetic component of the mammalian immune system [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The MHC encodes cell surface glycoproteins that bind antigens derived from pathogens or parasites and present them to T-lymphocytes, triggering the adaptive immune response. (biomedcentral.com)

Prostate epithelial cells accumulate a high level of aspartate that is utilized as a substrate for their unique function of production and secretion of enormously high levels of citrate. (biomedcentral.com)
In earlier kinetic studies we identified the existence of a unique Na+-dependent high-affinity L-aspartate transport process in rat prostate secretory epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The studies show for the first time that EAAC1 is expressed in normal rat prostate epithelial cells, in normal and hyperplastic human prostate glands, and in human malignant prostate cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Cystatin A incorporates into the cornified cell envelope of stratified squamous epithelial cells and may play a role in bacteriostatic properties of skin. (lookformedical.com)

Interestingly, expression of similar bovine rhodopsin mutants did not cause rod cell death, possibly attributable to greater stability of bovine rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)
In COS cells, bovine T4K and T17M rhodopsins only partially regenerate with chromophore ( Kaushal and Khorana, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)

Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)

Resistance depends on the efficient sensing of the infection and mounting of antiviral responses that involve programmed death of infected cells, suppression of viral replication, inflammation and the establishment of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)

Here we show that substitution of glutamine for three clustered hydrophobic amino acids, Ile-1488, Phe-1489, and Met-1490, completely removes fast inactivation. (xenbase.org)

Interestingly, although alcohols and amines can be Brønsted-Lowry acids, they can also function as Lewis bases due to the lone pairs of electrons on their oxygen and nitrogen atoms. (alchetron.com)

Examples include molecular substances such as HCl and acetic acid. (alchetron.com)
Reuben J. Shaw, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. (aacrjournals.org)

Identification of such tumor-associated cell surface antigen polypeptides, i.e. tumor associated antigens (TAA), allows specific targeting of cancer cells for destruction via antibody-based therapies. (justia.com)

Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. (worthington-biochem.com)

Because of its essential roles in cell signaling, misregulation or overexpression of EGFR often causes a cancerous phenotype. (biorxiv.org)

Exposure of prostate cells to physiological levels of prolactin or testosterone results in an up-regulation of EAAC1 expression and a corresponding increase in the high-affinity transport of L-aspartate into the cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of EAAC1 expression and L-aspartate transport by testosterone and prolactin is consistent with their regulation of citrate production in prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In these specialized prostate cells, aspartate is an essential amino acid that is derived from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)

The prostate intracellular/extracellular conditions present a 40:1 concentration gradient. (biomedcentral.com)
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that, when added to water, increases the concentration of H + ions in the water. (alchetron.com)
Note that chemists often write H + ( aq ) and refer to the hydrogen ion when describing acid-base reactions but the free hydrogen nucleus, a proton, does not exist alone in water, it exists as the hydronium ion, H 3 O + . Thus, an Arrhenius acid can also be described as a substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions when added to water. (alchetron.com)
The cells in the apical-out organoids had a cuboidal shape, whereas their resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration was more consistent compared to the cells in the apical-in organoids. (bvsalud.org)

Goethe-Universita¨t, DE-60439 tein (I-LBP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). (lu.se)
for example, H-FABP makes up 3% of the plasmic intracellular LBPs from three different cytoplasmic protein content in rat heart. (lu.se)

This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. (docksci.com)

Aqueous Arrhenius acids have characteristic properties which provide a practical description of an acid. (alchetron.com)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a HER-family receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is involved in cell signaling in healthy tissue. (biorxiv.org)

However, an analysis of the synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions indicated a relatively high degree of amino acid change in hominoids [ 15 ], which could be consistent with a low degree of selective pressure. (ecancer.org)

This alanine transport system was shown to exhibit a broad substrate specificity and appeared to be capable of transporting most naturally occurring neutral a-amino acids. (docksci.com)

Alternative splicing affects both the extracellular ligand-binding domains and the intracellular signal-transducing domains of the trks ( Barbacid, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)

Pediatric Brain Tumor Cancer Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Dynamics, DNA Repair, and Etoposide Extrusion. (worthington-biochem.com)
The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), i.e. immunoconjugates, for the local delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, i.e. drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)

It has an essential role in acid tolerance of Rhizobium meliloti. (gu.se)

The transport of L-alanine by the hamster kidney cell line BHK-21-C13. (docksci.com)
have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)
Prior to amino acid transport assay cells were harvested during exponential growth, inoculated into 60 mm petri dishes (Gibco-Biocult) a t a density of 5.3 x lo3 cells/cm' and incubated as above for 48 hours. (docksci.com)

Eight species of pangolins form the mammalian order Pholidota which is most closely related to Carnivora (cat-like and dog-like carnivorans). (frontiersin.org)
The genetic status of species is generally assessed using neutral markers, whose dynamic can differ from that of functional variation due to selection. (biomedcentral.com)
It predisposes the MHC as a model for studying the non-neutral genetic evolution in non-model species. (biomedcentral.com)
Lewis considered this as a generalization of the Brønsted definition, so that an acid is a chemical species that accepts electron pairs either directly or by releasing protons (H + ) into the solution, which then accept electron pairs. (alchetron.com)

Under AAS culture conditions, the cell killing effect of GEF was synergistically pronounced in the EGFR-expressing cell lines, namely, CAL 27, Detroit 562, A549 and PANC-1 cells compared with those treated with either GEF or AAS alone. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our data indicated that PET1 inhibits EGFR-mediated cell migration. (biorxiv.org)

In the special case of aqueous solutions , proton donors form the hydronium ion H 3 O + and are known as Arrhenius acids. (alchetron.com)
Acids form aqueous solutions with a sour taste, can turn blue litmus red, and react with bases and certain metals (like calcium ) to form salts. (alchetron.com)
An aqueous solution of an acid has a pH less than 7 and is colloquially also referred to as 'acid' (as in 'dissolved in acid'), while the strict definition refers only to the solute. (alchetron.com)
Most acids encountered in everyday life are aqueous solutions, or can be dissolved in water, so the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions are the most relevant. (alchetron.com)
I-LBP, ileal lipid-binding to the aqueous solubility of the fatty acid. (lu.se)

Whole-body hydration translates to cell hydration and vice versa. (ppexmed.com)
Although cell hydration is well known to strongly modify cell metabolism [4, 5, 11], corresponding relationships at the whole-body level are less well understood. (ppexmed.com)
Causal effects of chronic whole-body hydration on metabolic syndrome-related disorders and mortality are hypothesized based on cell hydration effects [12-16], but remain to be confirmed. (ppexmed.com)

Finally, we showed that the available functional assays, such as forskolin-induced swelling, or intracellular Cl- measurement have improved dynamic range when performed with apical-out organoids. (bvsalud.org)

The addition of essential amino acids, but not non-essential amino acids to the cell culture medium resulted in the cancellation of this pronounced cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)

L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme. (medchemexpress.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes41

Information Science4

Health Care1

Residues7

Proteins7

Bacteria6

Level of amino2

Broad-specificity2

Transporters5

Transporter4

Tissues6

Peptides5

Polypeptide1

Eukaryotic cells2

Sequence5

Acidic2

Cysteine2

Homeostatic2

Nucleotide1

Cellular5

Inhibition4

Gene5

Extracellular environment1

Induce2

Microbial2

Orthologous1

Hydrochloric1

Membranes2

Accumulation1

Vivo2

Carbohydrate1

Uptake4

Receptors1

Contrast2

Cultures2

Membrane4

Immune3

Epithelial cells4

Bovine2

Proliferation1

Viral1

Substitution1

Atoms1

Molecular2

Antigens1

Endothelial Cells1

Roles1

Aspartate3

Concentration4

Protein2

Affinity1

Characteristic1

Tissue1

Consistent1

Naturally1

19941

Tumor3

Tolerance1

Transport3

Species4

EGFR2

Aqueous5

Hydration3

Measurement1

Essential1

Acyclic1