• Additionally, ACT‑3 significantly increased autophagic cell death by inhibiting the serine‑threonine kinase/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. (iasp-pain.org)
  • TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine if volasertib and polo-like kinase (plk)-inhibition down-regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) pathway. (mycancergenome.org)
  • In fact, mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) acts as a central regulator of many cellular activities involving growth and differentiation through regulation of cell cycle progression, cell size, cell migration and survival, including those in tumor cells. (edu.hk)
  • Communication between dermal papilla cells and the overlying epithelium is essential for differentiation of the hair follicle lineages. (biologists.com)
  • Anticancer effects of the HDAC inhibitor, 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid, in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells via the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Subsequently, two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, ATG5/ATG12 and ATG8, the mammalian homologues of which include LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16, concert the formation of the double-membraned autophagosome [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adult mammalian tissue regeneration recruits progenitor stem cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by acetylation, which promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • When mammalian cell experiences DNA damage, it activates checkpoint mechanisms to stall the progression of cell cycle and DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
  • Emerging evidences suggest that microRNA target genes that regulate DNA replication and cell cycle progression and we aim to determine how microRNA regulate the DNA replication machinery as cell progresses from one phase to the next. (nii.res.in)
  • Many studies have indicated that SUMOylation is crucial for proper cell cycle progression. (ku.edu)
  • Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates [2] "Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. (edu.au)
  • While the importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated, its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is still developing [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression, development of an inter-current illness that prevents further administration of treatment , unacceptable toxicity, patient decides to withdraw or treating investigator determines that the patient should be taken off treatment for any reason. (mycancergenome.org)
  • In particular we are interested in regulatory pathways that drive cell division and in surveillance mechanisms, also known as checkpoint pathways, that stop cell cycle progression when cellular components malfunction or become damaged. (unt.edu)
  • At the same time, many of the processes that drive cell cycle progression are conserved throughout evolution. (unt.edu)
  • In the course of my postdoctoral work I came to appreciate the beauty and sophistication of the intricate regulatory mechanisms that drive cell cycle progression in general, and chromosome segregation in particular, and I decided to continue this line of research in my own lab. (unt.edu)
  • The tumor re-growth that occurs after post-treatment remission is largely due to progression of initially androgen-dependent to androgen-independent cancer cell [ 4 ] and/or non-proliferating to proliferating tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein S (PROS1) is glycoprotein and expressed in many cell types supporting its reported involvement in multiple biological processes that include coagulation, apoptosis, cancer development and progression, and the innate immune response. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Summing up, we are trying to understand the mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate mammalian cell cycle and DNA replication in normal and pathological conditions. (nii.res.in)
  • Macrophages are essential inflammatory cells which regulate the features of immune reactions within tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • A post-translational modification with SUMO (SUMOylation) can regulate various cellular events such as DNA replication, repair, transcription and cell cycle regulation. (ku.edu)
  • K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. (oncotarget.com)
  • Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • In order to distinguish the rate of proliferation between different PHM clones, a comparative index (CI) was established using the cell cycle and total RNA data of the two PHM clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • Finally, FGF6 and FGF2, both individually and sequentially, were used to treat quiescent myoblasts to determine their involvement in activation and proliferation with the use of cell cycle analysis and mRNA assessment of ki67, p21, myf5, and MyoD. (sun.ac.za)
  • Results and conclusion: The development of the CI was successful in determining the difference in proliferation rate for the different clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • However, FGF2 did impede the cell cycle inhibition factor p21, indirectly influencing proliferation. (sun.ac.za)
  • The inverse sequential treatment order did not demonstrate any significant effect on both activation and proliferation of the quiescent cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • A significant increase in the G1 phase cell population was observed in MCF‑7 cells and ACT‑3 induced apoptosis by reducing the ratio of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) and releasing cleaved caspase 9. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Thus, the activated ERK pathway played an important role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ERK‑dependent induction of p21 in MCF‑7 cells. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • The objective of the current studies was to examine the role of caspase 3 (CPP32) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in the signaling of genistein-and β-lapachone (bLap)-induced apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells PC3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • implying that NQO1 pathway may not be the main target for genistein-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells are programmed to express fluorescent proteins at various points in the cell cycle, allowing the researchers to link cell cycle information to growth. (mit.edu)
  • In this next research phase they hope to identify genes and proteins that help or hinder this ability of retinal ganglion cells to regenerate, grow axons to a target and become functional in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Our laboratory is interested in understanding the mechanisms by which microRNA and checkpoint proteins stall the cell cycle preventing genomic instability and cancer. (nii.res.in)
  • Human genome codes for many other single strand DNA binding proteins and we are testing if novel mechanisms of checkpoint activation exist that do not require Replication Protein A. If such mechanisms exist we would like to understand which factors provide the role of DNA binding, how checkpoint proteins like Chk1 and p53 are activated and how signal transduction pathway stalls the cell cycle and DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
  • The mammalian TRF1 and TRF2 proteins, for example, bind double-stranded telomeres via a Myb-like DNA-binding domain and are involved with telomere length regulation and chromosome end protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main issue with trypan blue is its capacity to bind to proteins in the cell suspension, not just that released by dead cells. (nature.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests selenoprotein W and the six other small thioredoxin-like mammalian selenoproteins may serve to transduce hydrogen peroxide signals into regulatory disulfide bonds in specific target proteins. (usda.gov)
  • The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)
  • Volasertib inhibits proteins involved in the cell cycle that are increased in ALL. (mycancergenome.org)
  • When volasertib inhibits these proteins ALL cells die. (mycancergenome.org)
  • A new project in the lab is aimed at identifying proteins that are involved in yeast nuclear architecture, namely the proteins that determine nuclear structure and define sub-nuclear domains. (unt.edu)
  • Iron and BIM (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death) proteins were involved in the cytotoxic sensitization process. (jneurosci.org)
  • Under the guidance of Director Tomas Lindahl, Clare Hall became a leading centre for studies of DNA repair, recombination and replication, cell cycle control and transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • 2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
  • Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
  • We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are the precursors of DNA synthesis, and their strict balance is critical for proper DNA replication and repair in cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • DNA replication is a vital process of life and must be completed precisely during each cell cycle. (nii.res.in)
  • Aberrations in microRNA activity has been linked to loss of cell cycle and replication control and this has led to oncogenic functions (thereby called oncomirs) being ascribed to them. (nii.res.in)
  • Therefore, we are trying to understand the independent mechanism by which mammalian cells effectively inhibit the replication machinery during stress preventing it from drifting towards a catastrophic path of genomic instability. (nii.res.in)
  • Since it is well recognized that errors in the centrosome duplication contribute to tumorigenesis we are interested in determining the role of replication factors in preventing aneuploidy. (nii.res.in)
  • Effects of interferon-a/ß on HBV replication determined by viral load PLoS Pathog. (usc.edu)
  • Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA analysis of the consequences of virus replication in Vero viruses associated with enteric and respiratory diseases in cells. (cdc.gov)
  • These developed HT-NGS strategies addressed our anticipated future needs of throughput sequncing and cost, in a way which enabled its potential multitude of current and future applications in mammalian genomic research. (springer.com)
  • 50%. Overall, the molecular and biologic characteristics of the strain HSR1 provide evidence that SARS-CoV forms a for Vero cells (a continuous cell line established from mon- fourth genetic coronavirus group with distinct genomic and key kidney epithelial cells), its capacity for growth at 37°C biologic features. (cdc.gov)
  • Autophagy inhibits oxidative stress and tumor suppressors to exert its dual effect on hepatocarcinogenesis Cell Death Differ. (usc.edu)
  • Background: When tumor cells are under hypoxic condition or other forms of oxidative stress, one of the survival mechanisms is to undergo angiogenesis, involving dissemination of existing vessels or neovascularization to antagonize the apoptotic drive and to facilitate migration to secondary sites. (edu.hk)
  • Methods: This paper reveals the pathogenesis of tumor angiogenesis, particularly during hypoxia and other forms of oxidative stress in cancer cells. (edu.hk)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. (nature.com)
  • It is important to systematically combine multiple endpoints, such as membrane integrity and cell death mechanism, to gain insight into the potential pathways involved in cellular toxicity. (nature.com)
  • Non-reversible oxidative modifications (oxidative damage) may contribute to molecular, cellular, and organismal aging and serve as signals for repair, removal, or programmed cell death. (usda.gov)
  • We are currently assessing cellular phenotypes that result from the loss of RanBP2 and will further determine whether physiological defects can be reversed through expression of RanBP2 mutants lacking one or more functional domains. (nih.gov)
  • Basal macroautophagy (thereafter referred to as autophagy), a catabolic recycling system in cells, is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • Mammalian sirtuins have diverse locations and multiple targets, and affect a broad range of cellular processes (Supplementary Figure 1). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the latter effect, in turn, resulted in increased M2 subunit mRNA transcription (a process blocked in G 0 /G 1 -phase cells, with full-length functional M2 transcripts being generated only during S phase) and, hence, in a return to normal levels of dATP and to a normal rate of cellular DNA synthesis. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In zebrafishes, forced expression of rat lcn2 gene increased the number and thickness of cellular processes in GFAP-expressing radial glia cells, suggesting that lcn2 expression in glia cells plays an important role in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast to its normal counterparts, the initiated cell can escape from cellular control mechanisms when responding to external or intercellular signals 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The first lineage specification during mammalian embryo development can be visually distinguished at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
  • Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
  • This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. (who.int)
  • Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)
  • In this work, we identified and characterized a Leishmania protein (LaTRF) homologous to both mammalian TRF1 and TRF2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USB, Cleveland, OH, USA), and sequencing species, the virus serotype is determined by the specifi city was conducted by BigDye terminator cycle sequencing of interactions between VP2 and neutralizing antibodies chemistry (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) generated during infection of the mammalian host. (cdc.gov)
  • This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals. (nature.com)
  • Our objective was to determine whether this would be the case in another mammalian species, the bovine. (bioone.org)
  • In other mammalian species, the reac tions may differ and only erythema and edema may be seen. (cdc.gov)
  • After treatment, cell death occurs rapidly, allowing the selection of transfected cells with plasmids carrying the bsr or BSD genes in as little as 7 days post-transfection. (invivogen.com)
  • They expect their studies to identify a list of small molecules and candidate genes that contribute to the ability of photoreceptor cells to home in on their appropriate target cells in the retina, known as bipolar cells. (nih.gov)
  • Strittmatter and his team also are searching for genes that contribute to the regeneration of axons from retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • These ATG genes are highly conserved in mammalian cells, allowing to study their functions also in higher eukaryotes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • We aimed to determine the signaling pathway regulating cell metabolism and the mechanism related to the regulation of human tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer (GC). (cancerindex.org)
  • This is a conserved mechanism in XEEs and mammalian cells. (ku.edu)
  • Elucidation of the mechanism of this association will not only allow us to test the importance of RanBP2 complex formation in a non-vertebrate system, but also provide a convenient alternative mechanism for formation of this complex that can be used to understand its importance in vertebrate cells. (nih.gov)
  • Because of this self-regulating mechanism, hydroxyurea-induced host-cell toxicity was obviated under conditions where HIV DNA synthesis, a process sensitive to both dATP depletion and the chain-terminating properties of the other inhibitory component of the combination (ddATP derived from dideoxyinosine), was unable to recover. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • After the slide was gram stained the slide was scanned under a microscope using low power objective to locate clusters of epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Inherited forms of retinal degeneration, which afflict 1 in 3000 people worldwide, arise primarily from mutations in transcripts expressed in rod and cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. (berkeley.edu)
  • It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Further, oxidant-induced toxicity in the normal population may facilitate the clonal expansion of the more resistant initiated cell during promotion 2,5,29 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. (oncotarget.com)
  • We used primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and human AML cell lines to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and its role in AML differentiation. (hindawi.com)
  • In mammalian cells the inactivation of these surveillance mechanisms can lead to cancer. (unt.edu)
  • These animal models are the subject of study to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby these gene defects lead to photoreceptor degeneration and hopefully will lead to pilot studies of novel therapies for retinal degeneration. (berkeley.edu)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Tumor-infiltrated macrophages were isolated from human GC tissues using magnetic beads, gene transcription was determined by real-time PCR, protein expression was monitored using western blots, metabolites were determined using HPLC, and transcriptional regulation was analyzed by the luciferase-based reporter gene system. (cancerindex.org)
  • ClustalW and bl2seq sequence analysis showed that LaTRF shared sequence identity with the Trypanosoma brucei TRF (TbTRF) protein and had the same degree of sequence similarities with the dimerization (TRFH) and the canonical DNA-binding Myb-like domains of both mammalian TRFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in regulation of protein disulfide formation and unfolded protein response signaling, although their precise biological activities have not been determined. (usda.gov)
  • A simple threshold model, based solely on Cdk activity, predicted with more than 95% accuracy whether individual cells had passed R. That a single measurement accurately predicted cell fate shows that the state of complex regulatory networks can be assessed using a few critical protein activities. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • LCN2 protein induced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cell migration, and morphological changes similar to characteristic phenotypic changes termed reactive astrocytosis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Val16-Arg685 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus. (proteomecommons.org)
  • S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Elabscience.Synonym: N/A Activity: N/A Protein Construction: Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein CTD is produced by our Mammalian. (proteomecommons.org)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • In simple organisms such as yeast, cells divide once they reach a specific size. (mit.edu)
  • In yeast and mammalian cells, the catalytic disruption of Topo IIα is reported to induce a delay in mitosis. (ku.edu)
  • Main focus: Cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • My lab works on cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • Although there are seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7), little is known about their expression in the aging brain. (frontiersin.org)
  • To determine the potential sources of variability in IMT, we first use an existing model of the Rb-E2F network, which controls cell cycle entry at the restriction point. (mtsu.edu)
  • At the restriction point (R), mammalian cells irreversibly commit to divide. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • GFP + CD133 + cells had upregulated Wnt, FGF and BMP pathways and expressed neural crest markers. (biologists.com)
  • In GFP - CD133 + cells,the hedgehog, IGF, Notch and integrin pathways were prominent. (biologists.com)
  • The genetic and biochemical diversity of photoreceptor degnereration presents major challenges for therapy as there are many pathways to cell death. (berkeley.edu)
  • Chemotherapy, either at conventional levels or in the higher-dosed myeloablative protocols used in conditioning regimens (with or without total body radiation in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation [HCT]), often results in erythema, edema, atrophy, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, a condition generally referred to as oral mucositis. (medscape.com)
  • Typically, mammalian cells are sensitive to blasticidin concentrations of 1-10 µg/ml, and bacteria to 25-100 µg/ml. (invivogen.com)
  • The growth medium provides nutrients that allow the pathogen, such as a bacteria, virus, mycobacteria, mammalian cells or the like, to multiply to a sufficient number so that their presence can be detected. (justia.com)
  • For example, certain microorganisms such as mammalian cells, insect cells, bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria and fungi consume oxygen during their growth and life cycle. (justia.com)
  • Zack, Gamm, and their teams plan to study precursor photoreceptor cells derived from human stem cells to determine what factors help coax them into becoming fully developed and connected photoreceptor cells. (nih.gov)
  • 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK. (biologists.com)
  • Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. (edu.au)
  • Secondly, the quiescent state is an integral part of stem cell regulation, therefore choosing the right protocol for inducing quiescence is important. (sun.ac.za)
  • and stem cell regeneration. (lu.se)
  • The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
  • We have determined that Topo IIα CTD SUMOylation behaves like a signal transducer to induce a mitotic delay when Topo IIα is catalytically disrupted. (ku.edu)
  • Our results suggest that PIASy is an important E3 ligase that mediates mitotic SUMOylation in human cells. (ku.edu)
  • For example, in a population of homogeneous cells, the time between two successive mitotic events (cell divisons), or intermitotic time (IMT), is subject to considerable, seemingly random, variation. (mtsu.edu)
  • Themes of research included signal transduction (biology of tissues and organs, and molecular cell biology) and genome integrity (cell cycle and chromosomes and DNA repair). (wikipedia.org)
  • Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of chromosomes essential for maintaining genome stability and cell viability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomeres are essential for maintaining genome stability and cell viability, with dysfunctional telomeres triggering a classic DNA-damage response that enables double-strand breaks and cell cycle arrest [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During this period, tremendous success has been achieved in the fields of decoding of human genome, technological advancement of new era of human genome applications, toward personalized genomes and discovery of rare variants, leveraging genome sequencing to impact on cancer researches and mammalian evolution and population structure. (springer.com)
  • 13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
  • We have isolated a SARS-associ- the complete genome of SARS-CoV has shown an RNA ated CoV (SARS-CoV) strain by injecting Vero cells with a molecule of about 29,750 bases in length, with a genome sputum specimen from an Italian patient affected by a organization similar to that of other coronaviruses (9-11). (cdc.gov)
  • To date, most gene therapies have targeted monogenic recessive retinal diseases and employed viral vectors to transfer a 'normal ' copy of the mutated gene to the affected cell. (berkeley.edu)
  • Current projects in our lab involve development of retinal cell specific viral vectors based upon lentivirus and adeno-associated viruses. (berkeley.edu)
  • Some biologic features plaque assay, we determined that approximately 360 viral of the SARS-CoV described in vivo and in vitro differ genomes were required to generate a PFU. (cdc.gov)
  • they are currently classified into polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) TaqMan assay for three antigenic groups: group 1 and 2 include mammalian quantifying the number of viral genomes and a plaque coronaviruses, and group 3 encompasses avian coron- assay for performing titration of the virus infectivity. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, the effects of ACT‑3 on anticancer effects of MCF‑7 cells were determined by measuring the level of apoptotic cell death and cell cycle regulator using flow cytometry analysis and western blot analysis, respectively. (iasp-pain.org)
  • rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • The facts that prostate cancer cells retain the inherent apoptotic machinery potentially subject them to an appropriate efficacious chemotherapeutic intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
  • Here we reconcile these results and show that whereas many commonly used cell lines do not exhibit a G1 R, primary fibroblasts have a G1 R that is defined by a precise Cdk activity threshold and the activation of cell-cycle-dependent transcription. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)
  • In particular, for retinal gene therapy it would be highly advantageous to transduce a single cell type that spans the entire retina after an intravitreal injection of a gene delivery vehicle for the subsequent secretion of a general neuroprotective factor throughout the retina. (berkeley.edu)
  • Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that ensures a dynamic recycling of a variety of building blocks required for self-renewal, homeostasis, and cell survival under stress. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, activation of autophagy allows to extend cell survival when exposed to different types of stressors such as starvation or cytotoxic drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy, a double-edged sword in hepatocarcinogenesis Mol Cell Oncol. (usc.edu)
  • Effects of Lipofectamine 2000/siRNA complexes on autophagy in hepatoma cells Mol Biotechnol. (usc.edu)
  • A signal travels to the brain via the retinal ganglion cell axons. (nih.gov)
  • ACT‑3 significantly decreased the cell viability in a concentration‑dependent manner and induced different morphological changes at high concentrations. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Table 1 includes common fluorophores used to assess membrane integrity and distinguish between live and dead cells when conducting viability assays. (nature.com)
  • Survivorship being critical to determining culture method success, it is important to have a clear approach for quantifying population viability. (nature.com)
  • Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. (edu.au)
  • To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
  • Most studies investigating satellite cells in vitro use already activated satellite cells, called myoblasts. (sun.ac.za)
  • Methods: Isolated satellite cells from human muscle biopsies were expanded in vitro creating primary human myoblast (PHM) clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • Light that enters the eye activates rod and cone photoreceptors, which then activates retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • In a healthy eye, bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptor cells across a synapse and then transmit this information either directly or indirectly to retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • The retina is a complex tissue in the back of the eye that contains the rod and cone photoreceptor cells. (berkeley.edu)
  • The inherited retinal degenerations are typified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which results in blindness from destruction of photoreceptor cells, and the RPE. (berkeley.edu)
  • In the Aug. 5 online edition of Nature Methods , the researchers report that mammalian cells divide not when they reach a critical size, but when their growth rate hits a specific threshold. (mit.edu)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • However, the precise role of lcn2 in the cell survival and death has yet to be determined. (jneurosci.org)
  • In 1975 Dr Renato Dulbecco, then Deputy Research Director of the Laboratories shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on the interactions between DNA tumour viruses and cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. (proteomecommons.org)
  • In order to establish the course of infection, virulence and pathogenicity, a Paraguayan Trypanosoma cruzi strain isolated from a 12 year old patient in 1989, Balb/c mice were inoculated, and the number of parasites were determined by direct parasitemia (micromethod). (bvsalud.org)
  • Now, a team of MIT and Harvard Medical School (HMS) researchers has precisely measured the growth rates of single cells, allowing them to answer that fundamental question. (mit.edu)
  • It's easier for cells to measure their growth rate, because they can do that by measuring how fast something in the cell is produced or degraded, whereas measuring size precisely is hard for cells," Son says. (mit.edu)
  • To avoid this problem, the researchers developed a way to precisely control the flow in the system so that a cell could be stopped anywhere in the bypass channel. (mit.edu)
  • Building on the feature of the new system that precisely controls the environmental conditions inside the channel, researchers can also change the conditions very rapidly, allowing them to monitor how cells respond to such disturbances. (mit.edu)
  • In spite of this similar organization, the SARS-CoV RNA cells showed the virions within cell vesicles and around the sequence is only distantly related to that of previously cell membrane. (cdc.gov)
  • After a series of successive cycles of amplification, the presence of double stranded DNA product was visualized on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. (cdc.gov)
  • During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
  • Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. (bioone.org)
  • Fluorescent indicator dyes (fluorophores) are most commonly used in biochemical and cell-based assays in vertebrate cell culture since fluorescence is more sensitive 3 and fluorescence is utilized in many instruments (microscopy, spectroscopy, flow cytometry). (nature.com)
  • Alteration of the pattern of gene expression by oxidants may function in the stimulation of the initiated cell during tumor promotion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary satellite cells can be harvested from muscle tissue to investigate or even use as potential therapeutic application. (sun.ac.za)
  • In conclusion, using clones that were distinctly different as assessed by the comparative index, this thesis illuminates that the two FGF family members investigated, act on cell cycle in different ways, thus would influence their utilization in experimental or therapeutic applications. (sun.ac.za)
  • Satellite cells exist in quiescence in the muscle tissue and only become activated following an insult. (sun.ac.za)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • Molecular Cell 15: 245-258. (nii.res.in)
  • Molecular Cell 11: 997-1008. (nii.res.in)
  • Organización molecular del complejo II y su rol en la anaerobiosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Generating appropriate synapses between photoreceptor and bipolar cells is an essential step in restoring vision through photoreceptor transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • The further development of scleractinian coral cell cultures requires quantitative assessment of survivorship through basic live and dead cell counts. (nature.com)
  • After intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 48 embryos were evaluated on day 3 of their development, according to their cell number. (who.int)
  • This rate varies a great deal from cell to cell during G1, but converges as cells approach the S phase. (mit.edu)
  • The working concentration of blasticidin for mammalian cell lines varies from 1 to 10 μg/ml, in a few cases up to 30 μg/ml. (invivogen.com)
  • Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, provide metabolic and trophic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • The oil immersion lens (x1000) was switched and between 10 and 20 representative fields was examined to observe cell morphology and gram reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • We propose that lcn2 is an autocrine mediator of reactive astrocytosis based on the multiple roles of lcn2 in the regulation of cell death, morphology, and migration of astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • The new system also measures fluorescent signals from a cell in addition to its mass. (mit.edu)
  • New research is revealing that the side reactions of oxygen are used to convey important biological information as signals within and between cells. (usda.gov)