• ROS decreased the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase signaling, while overexpression of IRS-1 attenuated this inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main IRS-1 downstream signaling pathways include type I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt (PKB: protein kinase B), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily highly conserved intracellular serine/threonine kinase family member. (hindawi.com)
  • The current data suggested that BNIP3 expression is regulated by inhibition of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, leading to phosphorylation of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) at Ser317 by AMP-activated protein kinase. (nih.gov)
  • These findings suggest a cascade that starts with the inhibition of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activation of BNIP3 expression, leading to progressive muscle fiber atrophy. (nih.gov)
  • In doing so, the UPR controls several cellular processes to decrease the unfolded protein load, highlighting the ER-associated degradation pathway and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a vacuolar lysosomal degradation pathway for organelles and cytoplasmic macromolecules ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Autophagy is an essential pathway that evolved to sustain cells during times of nutrient deprivation. (helsinki.fi)
  • Here, we report that the microRNA miR-1 regulates the autophagy pathway through conserved targeting of the orthologous T re-2/ B ub2/ C DC16 (TBC) Rab GTPase-activating proteins TBC-7 and TBC1D15 in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cells, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
  • These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in 'noncanonical' autophagy, a lysosome-associated signaling pathway with key functions in immunity, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • While the noncanonical autophagy pathway shares the common ATG machinery, it bears key mechanistic and functional distinctions, and is characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Here, we review the diverse, and still expanding, collection of stimuli and processes now known to harness the noncanonical autophagy pathway, including engulfment processes, drug treatments, TRPML1 and STING signaling, viral infection, and other pathogenic factors. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Non-canonical autophagy is a key cellular pathway in immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration, characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to endolysosomal single membranes (CASM). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, as the effects of C3G on the amyloidogenic pathway, autophagy, tau phosphorylation, neuronal cell death, and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease models have not been reported, we attempted to investigate the same in the brains of APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In summary, TSN reduces podocyte damage induced by high glucose via inhibiting mTORC1 pathway and downstream targets and restoring podocyte autophagy. (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy is a membrane trafficking pathway that cells activate under diverse stress conditions to deliver cytosolic material for degradation to lysosomes. (lifescienceevents.com)
  • In the present study the effect of IP6 on autophagy-mediated death by modulating the mTOR pathway in HT-29 colon cancer cells was studied. (um.edu.my)
  • mTOR pathway regulates autophagy and incubation with IP6 to HT-29 cells showed decreased expression of p-70S6Kinase, 4-EBP-1 in a time-dependent manner. (um.edu.my)
  • Conclusions: Our results clearly indicate that IP6 induces autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway. (um.edu.my)
  • Autophagy is a major degradation pathway that utilizes lysosome hydrolases to degrade cellular constituents and is often induced under cellular stress conditions to restore cell homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of mutp53 through the autophagy or proteasome pathway is considered the most direct strategy to target mutp53 for tumor treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, due to the lack of specific autophagy receptors and the insufficient level of autophagy in tumor cells, targeted degradation of mutp53 by nanomaterials via the autophagy pathway has not been reported. (researchsquare.com)
  • As a result, the NRs effectively degrade mutp53 through the autophagy pathway with complete autophagic flux. (researchsquare.com)
  • Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), an independent protein degradation pathway, involves the phagocytosis of long cyclins and protein aggregates in the cytoplasm into autophagosomes for subsequent lysosomal degradation 17-19 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of autophagic-related proteins (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, beclin 1, autophagy related 5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, ubiquitin-binding protein p62), glycolysis-related proteins (hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2) and activated protein kinase signalling pathway proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Additionally, ACT‑3 significantly increased autophagic cell death by inhibiting the serine‑threonine kinase/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Consequently, several therapeutic agents such as adiponectin, ezetimibe, GABA tea, geniposide, liraglutide, guava extract, and vitamin D were shown to inhibit diabetes and its complications through modulation of the autophagy pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The prominent role of autophagy signaling pathway was supported by the alteration of autophagy markers in patients and animal models of T1DM, T2DM, and gestational diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hitherto unobserved membrane-binding regions in ATG16L1 were found, contributing to properties that explain the crucial role of this protein in membrane targeting and LC3/GABARAP lipidation in macroautophagy/autophagy and other related processes. (nih.gov)
  • This review focuses on the role of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) in human diseases. (nature.com)
  • We now recognise that autophagy can be both non-selective (macroautophagy) or selective in cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Conjugation of the Atg8 (autophagy related 8) family of ubiquitin-like proteins to phospholipids of the phagophore is a hallmark of macroautophagy/autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Macroautophagy or autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process that recycles cellular components and maintains cell homeostasis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Macroautophagy/autophagy receptors target their substrates to phagophores for subsequent sequestration within autophagosomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • A critical role of autophagy was identified in rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells: Inhibition of autophagy suppresses, while activation of autophagy enhances, the catabolic effect of cytokines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We have now determined that in cultured podocytes, high glucose led to increases in activation of EGFR signaling but decreases in autophagy activity as indicated by decreased beclin-1 and inhibition of LC3B autophagosome formation as well as increased rubicon (an autophagy inhibitor) and SQSTM1 (autophagy substrate). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Overexpression of IRS-1 resulted in inhibition of basal autophagy, and reduced oxidative stress-induced autophagy and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ROS-mediated autophagy may occur via inhibition of IRS-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, inhibition of UPS leads to a compensatory stimulation of autophagy via several mechanisms, whereas autophagy inhibition activates or impairs proteasomal flux depending on the cellular and environmental conditions [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anticancer effects of the HDAC inhibitor, 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid, in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells via the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Inhibition of autophagy via bafilomycin A1 aggravated H 2 O 2 -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Beclin-1 and autophagy-related (atg) 5 mRNA was evaluated by quantitative PCR, and the expression of ZO-1, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) I and, LC3B II protein by Western blot. (karger.com)
  • Appropriate regulation of autophagy is crucial for clearing toxic proteins from cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Autophagy is a degradation system that involves sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by double-layered membranes that form vesicles called autophagosomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Due to the central role of autophagy in the removal of aggregation-prone proteins, a better understanding of mechanisms controlling autophagy is essential for the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities for multiple disease states. (elifesciences.org)
  • Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process coordinated by a network of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Experimental research found a markedly decreased expression of autophagy-related proteins such as Beclin-1, Atg12-Atg5, and LC3-II in a diabetic mouse model and in a high glucose-induced podocyte injury model [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy is the "self-eating" process of degrading damaged proteins and organelles, as well as recycling intracellular energy to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. (hindawi.com)
  • Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two major cellular degradation machineries in eukaryotes, both of which are crucial in eliminating misfolded/unfolded proteins to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis and to prevent aging-related changes and a plethora of human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, short-lived and soluble misfolded/unfolded proteins are targeted by UPS, whereas long-lived and insoluble protein aggregates are eliminated by autophagy [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cargos of autophagy are not limited to proteins and include dysfunctional or superfluous organelles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is a process that relies on lysosomal pathways for the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and plays an important role in the pathology of brain injury such as hypoxia ischemia[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Autophagy is an adaptive catabolic process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are targeted to lysosomes for degradation [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy dysfunction results in the accumulation of intracellular damaged proteins, causing neurodegeneration or cardiac hypertrophy [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process that allows cells to degrade damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, and to recycle nutrients [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is a genetically regulated process that requires the activity of autophagy-related gene (Atg) proteins [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the expression of mesenchymal biomarkers in autophagy deficiency cells and found these proteins were increased. (ijbs.com)
  • We have shown that stimulating autophagy in the cells , in other words, encouraging the cells to eat the malformed huntingtin proteins , can be an effective way of preventing them from building up," says Professor Rubinsztein. (news-medical.net)
  • During phagophore membrane expansion in mammalian cells, autophagy receptors simultaneously interact with the ubiquitinated substrates and the LC3/GABARAP proteins on the expanding membrane. (bvsalud.org)
  • And C3G treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy-related markers, LC3B-II, LAMP-1, TFEB, and PPAR-α and downregulated that of SQSTM1/p62, improving the autophagy of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these experimental results do not directly demonstrate that defects in autophagy contribute to pathogenesis of human diseases. (nature.com)
  • Recently, the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of neuroinflammation has drawn substantial scientific interest, and a growing number of studies support the role of impaired autophagy in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders. (benthamscience.com)
  • These findings suggest that CD4 + T lymphocyte autophagy could play a key role in pSS pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study examines exciting new hallmarks for the strict involvement of autophagy and TGF-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the design of novel therapeutic strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • The researches indicated that the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was related to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune, chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases, including gout, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes [ 2 - 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master transcriptional regulator of autophagy, enhances gene expression that controls autophagosome formation, lysosome function, and autophagic flux. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Speakers from diverse disciplines presented data, which included the basic mechanisms of autophagosome formation and the role of autophagy in human physiology and disease, including neurodegeneration, cancer and infectious diseases. (lifescienceevents.com)
  • The knockout of ATG5, an essential autophagy-related gene, significantly inhibited the NRs-induced degradation of mutp53, demonstrating the critical role of autophagy in this effect. (researchsquare.com)
  • Bovine mammary epithelial cells after calving undergo serious metabolic challenges and oxidative stress both of which could compromise autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, effects of TFEB-mediated autophagy on the oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the main aim of the study was to investigate the role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells experiencing oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, TFEB-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells might play a positive role in response to oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein induces autophagy, an intracellular function by which cytoplasmic components are delivered to the lysosome to be broken down and used elsewhere or excreted from the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autophagy is a major intracellular degradative process that delivers cytoplasmic materials to the lysosome for degradation. (nature.com)
  • Ma et al ( 15 ) revealed that compression activated autophagy in NP cells and that compression-induced autophagy was closely associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species production. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • (A) FoxO1 regulates autophagy through two mechanisms involving the transcriptional control of autophagy-related genes and the activation of ATG7 in the cytosol associated with the acetylation (Ac) of FoxO1 by the dissociation from SIRT2. (nature.com)
  • Protein homeostasis in higher eukaryotes is balanced by a dynamic network of adaptive mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Macleod, K.F. Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms. (benthamscience.com)
  • Our research team has uncovered several important poxvirus-sensing mechanisms leading to type I interferon (IFN) induction in various cell types including epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. (mskcc.org)
  • As such, ongoing research has attempted to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of the disorder. (frontiersin.org)
  • We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. (benthamscience.com)
  • In addition, nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal‑regulated kinases and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase inhibitors and TNF‑α were used to determine the molecular mechanism of autophagy during the inflammatory conditions, and only the NF‑κB and JNK inhibitor were found to enhance the autophagy of rat NP cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Finally, IKKβ knockdown was used to further confirm the effect of the NF‑κB signal on human NP cells autophagy, and the data showed that IKKβ knockdown upregulated the autophagy of NP cells during inflammatory conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, autophagy of AF cells may be secondary to endoplasmic reticulum stress ( 12 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, Shen et al ( 14 ) reported that the autophagy of rat AF cells was induced by serum deprivation in vitro and that IL-1β upregulated serum deprivation-induced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Further, we found that the cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β) can induce miR-1 expression in mammalian cells, reducing TBC1D15 levels, and safeguarding against proteotoxic challenges. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
  • Evidence for GO induced autophagy includes increased levels of isoform B-II microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), aggregation of green fluorescence protein-tagged LC3, and increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles in cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results suggest that overexpression of IRS-1 promotes cells growth, inhibits basal autophagy, reduces oxidative stress-induced autophagy, and diminishes oxidative stress-mediated autophagy-dependent cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aspirin suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, but the precise mechanism is not clear. (oncotarget.com)
  • Collectively, our findings indicate the dual roles of aspirin on autophagy, and demonstrate a new mechanism by which Beclin 1 acetylation impairs the anticancer effect of aspirin in colorectal cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of aspirin on Beclin 1 acetylation and autophagy in CRC cells, providing new insight into aspirin for cancer therapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SHSY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Upon nutrient deprivation, autophagy is often up-regulated in response to metabolic stress and excessive organelle damage to facilitate aggregated protein removal and provide energy for cells [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gefitinib-mediated autophagy was suppressed by 20 mM lactate in MCF-7 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because autophagy is crucial for the survival of cancer cells exposed to TKIs, GPR119 agonists potentiated the anticancer effects of TKIs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, treatment with chloroquine, an autophagy flux inhibitor, overcomes anti-estrogen resistance of MCF-7 cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is an important cell biological mechanism in maintaining the homeostasis of tissues and cells, resisting the process of EMT. (ijbs.com)
  • By constructing an EMT model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, we found that autophagy was activated in the EMT process of RPE cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Three of the molecules that enhanced the growth-suppressing effects of rapamycin in yeast were also found to induce autophagy by themselves in mammalian cells independent of the action of rapamycin. (news-medical.net)
  • We subsequently investigated the activity of UA in mammalian cells and explored their health benefits in rodents. (lsd1receptor.com)
  • Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
  • The involvement of autophagy in the development of diabetes is corroborated by affecting the physiology and role of pancreatic β cells and the homeostasis of glucose. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several anti-diabetic strategies including adiponectin, ezetimibe, liraglutide, taurine, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and even exercise as well as natural products such GABA tea, geniposide, guava extract, vitamin D have been shown to target autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Current research interests include autophagy in yeast and mammalian cells and using flies as a model of aging and human disease. (samsaratherapeutics.com)
  • Half a century ago, Christian de Duve coined the term "autophagy" (literally, "self-eating" in Greek) to describe a process where the cell digests its cytoplasmic materials within lysosomes 1 . (nature.com)
  • In the realm of cell research, the initial isolation of lysosomes is a pivotal step when investigating processes like autophagy, protein degradation, and recycling. (inventbiotech.com)
  • In autophagy, double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) sequestrate selected substrates and fuse with lysosomes (autolysosomes). (biomedcentral.com)
  • During autophagy, portions of cytoplasm are sequestered by double-membrane vesicles, the autophagosomes, and degraded after fusion with lysosomes for subsequent recycling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and it is able to induce autophagy in the cytosol through its acetylation and direct binding to ATG7 9 ( Figure 1A ). (nature.com)
  • Moreover, we presented a model system with a guideline to induce targeted degradation of organelles through the autophagy machinery. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the autophagy induced by TNF‑α and IL‑1β and the corresponding molecular mechanism appear to be cell‑type dependent. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The effect and mechanism of autophagy regulated by TNF‑α and IL‑1β in IVDs remains unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Many roads lead to CASM: Diverse stimuli of noncanonical autophagy share a unifying molecular mechanism. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • By integrating these findings, we propose an updated and unifying mechanism for noncanonical autophagy, centered on ATG16L1 and V-ATPase. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Autophagy usually serves as a survival mechanism in response to stress conditions, but excessive induction of autophagy results in cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanism may be related to the improvement of glycolysis dysfunction and alleviation of autophagy over activation of activated protein kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy is an important cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accelerated autophagy is believed to be an anticancer mechanism for a variety of agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trehalose, a novel mTOR-independent autophagy enhancer, accelerates the clearance of mutant huntingtin and alpha-synuclein. (smw.ch)
  • post-fertilization sperm mitophagy depend on the ubiquitin -binding autophagy receptor, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), and the proteasome-interacting ubiquitin ated protein dislocase, valosin-containing protein (VCP). (eqalix.com)
  • The series of AceTACs were designed by engineering the essential interacting domains and motifs of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), a major mammalian autophagy receptor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Particularly, we replaced the ubiquitin-associated domain of SQSTM1 with a target-specific antibody, redirecting the bifunctional interactions of wild-type SQSTM1 and directing the degradation target into the autophagy process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Astragaloside IV might suppress autophagy initiation directly or indirectly through suppressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which further enhances the cell viability and tight junction and reduces apoptosis in LPS-stimulated pulmonary endothelial ARDS cell model, thus exerting its therapeutic function in ARDS. (karger.com)
  • Knockdown of autophagy-related gene 5 inhibited basal autophagy and diminished oxidative stress-induced autophagy and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FoxO1 has key functions during aging and in the regulation of autophagy in neurons 8 . (nature.com)
  • This one-day meeting "Analysis of Autophagy Regulation: Discussion of recent research and new technologies" organized by Euroscicon, was held on the 3rd of October 2013, in London, UK. (lifescienceevents.com)
  • Different techniques were presented, to study the regulation of autophagy, with special emphasis on imaging and flow cytometric assays. (lifescienceevents.com)
  • An increasing number of studies have found that the process of autophagy is highly selective for cargoes in some cases due to regulation by autophagy receptors. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition to providing a molecular link between the UPR and autophagy, the current study resolves an important question in the ER stress field: what is the biological function of XBP1u? (nature.com)
  • Kroemer, G. Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes. (benthamscience.com)
  • mTORC1 activation inhibits autophagy, and it is considered to be a molecular marker of diabetic nephropathy [ 7 , 8 ], as the decrease in podocyte autophagic activity caused by mTORC1 activation plays a vital role in the progression of this disease [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • T lymphocytes were analyzed for the expression of autophagy-specific markers by biochemical, molecular, and histological assays in peripheral blood and labial gland biopsies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By combining biochemistry research, biophysics research, and state-of-the-art structural methods, scientists are resolving macromolecular complexes at atomic resolution, reconstituting multi-component complexes in vitro, studying protein-ligand interactions, and observing molecular machines in action. (viennabiocenter.org)
  • Autophagy receptors are endowed with the ability to both recognize the ubiquitination signals of cargoes by binding the ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD) and interact with the ATG8/LC3/GABARAP protein on the autophagosome membrane, relying on their LC3-binding region (LIR), which is followed by the delivery of cytoplasmic cargo to the incipient autophagosome for engulfment and ultimately lysosomal degradation 20-22 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Epigenetic inactivation of the autophagy-lysosomal system in appendix in Parkinson's disease. (inventbiotech.com)
  • Moreover, in autophagy deficient RPE cell line via knockdown autophagy related protein 7 (Atg7), the expression of epithelial marker claudin-1 was suppressed and the mesenchymal markers were increased, accompanied by an increase in cell migration and contractility. (ijbs.com)
  • Defective autophagy results in accumulation of toxic protein aggregates that detrimentally affect cellular function and organismal survival. (elifesciences.org)
  • Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradation program activated by various cellular stresses including nutrient/energy starvation, hypoxia, ER stress, hypoxia, and organelle damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, autophagy is actively involved in cancer cell resistance to anticancer agents through recycling of cellular energy sources and components. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is a highly conserved self-digestion process, during which useless cytoplasmic components, such as protein aggregates, damaged organelles, are sequestered into double-membraned structures called autophagosomes. (oncotarget.com)
  • Autophagy induction was confirmed via acridine orange staining. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Induction of autophagy is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level and involves the master regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We aim to explore whether astragaloside IV is effective for ARDS treatment in a lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced cell model and whether autophagy is involved in the therapeutic function of astragaloside IV. (karger.com)
  • Additionally, our data highlight the potential exploitation of T cell autophagy as a biomarker of disease activity and provide new ground to verify the therapeutic implications of autophagy as an innovative drug target in pSS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) alleviates cognitive impairment by reducing neuronal death in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). (inventbiotech.com)
  • Although the two degradation pathways are operated independently with different sets of players, recent studies have revealed reciprocal cross talks between UPS and autophagy at multiple layers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also highlight how dysregulation of ubiquitin-mediated autophagy pathways is associated with a number of human diseases and the potential of targeting these pathways for disease intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A primary goal of our research is to both exploit and develop tools to understand mitochondrial homeostasis in health and disease. (helsinki.fi)
  • Recent advances have made it possible to visualise mitophagy in mammalian tissues. (helsinki.fi)
  • Material and methods: Autophagy was assessed by acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and western blotting to detect LC3-II and Beclin 1. (um.edu.my)
  • Autophagy is a highly conserved and lysosome-dependent bulk degradation process. (hindawi.com)
  • In a paper recently published in Cell Research , Zhu and co-workers uncover a novel biological function of the unspliced form of the UPR transcription factor XBP1 in the modulation of autophagy through the control of FoxO1 turnover. (nature.com)
  • In a paper recently published in Cell Research , Zhao and colleagues uncover a new role of XBP1u in the control of FoxO1 levels and autophagy 10 . (nature.com)
  • Cell autophagy exists in degenerative diseases, including osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Autophagy is involved in the control of cell death ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Consequently, we anti cipated that sperm mitophagy may very well be reconstituted in a cell-free system consisting of permeabilized mammalian spermatozoa co-incubated with porcine oocyte extracts. (eqalix.com)
  • P140 was shown to reduce excessive autophagy activity discovered in some lupus immune cell subsets. (smw.ch)
  • In addition, the level of cell autophagy is greatly increased due to the incorporated of cationic lipid. (researchsquare.com)
  • On the contrary, the cell death rate and autophagy level of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the model group. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Gefitinib-induced autophagy is related with cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effect of autophagy activation on a cancer cell survival is controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem Cell Research & Therapy. (cnu.edu.cn)
  • Cell and Tissue Research. (cnu.edu.cn)
  • He was awarded the Seneca Medal for Aging Research, is a member of the American Academy of Microbiology, and was Editor-in-Chief of Microbial Cell. (samsaratherapeutics.com)
  • Mizushima, N. Autophagy: process and function. (benthamscience.com)
  • In IVDs, autophagy is also present and associated with the increased pathological process of IVD degeneration in rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • One of the two excipients, namely trehalose, has been claimed to exert an intrinsic stimulating activity on autophagy process, which was found therefore to counteract the beneficial peptide effects. (smw.ch)
  • In agreement with this, an accumulation of FoxO1 was observed in the brain of XBP1-deficient mice, correlating with the enhancement of autophagy 6 . (nature.com)
  • Overexpression of TFEB activated autophagy and attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced ROS accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is a particular catabolic mobile program that's induced in response to deprivation of vitamins and vitality hunger. (eqalix.com)
  • Here, we propose a type of 'nanoreceptors' (denoted NRs) that mimics selective autophagy receptors and develop a new platform for targeted degradation of mutp53. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this punctum, we summarize and discuss our recent research progress on synthetic autophagy receptors (AceTACs). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we summarize the roles of protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination in controlling the initiation, execution, and termination of bulk autophagy as well as the role of ubiquitination in signaling certain types of selective autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: We have mostly reviewed recent studies reporting anti-neuroinflammatory properties of autophagy. (benthamscience.com)
  • Traditional biochemistry research is increasingly complemented by the related discipline of biophysics , which applies approaches and methods in physics to study biomolecules and their interactions. (viennabiocenter.org)
  • He conducted postdoctoral studies at University of Minnesota with Dr. Edgar Arriaga and developed targeted LC-MS methods to understand autophagy in mammalian systems. (edelris-symposium.org)
  • Current autophagy-modulating compounds in clinical trials are also summarized. (nature.com)
  • For over a decade, the Penn Sleep Clinical and Research groups have hosted an annual research retreat with the aim of promoting sleep medicine and circadian neurobiology research. (upenn.edu)
  • Founded in 2001 after identifying a need for communicating science research between academia, clinical practice and industry, Euroscicon provides an environment to interact and debate, both online and at highly focused, informal events. (lifescienceevents.com)
  • John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. (nih.gov)
  • Make the best use of Scientific Research and information from our 700+ peer reviewed, Open Access Journals that operates with the help of 50,000+ Editorial Board Members and esteemed reviewers and 1000+ Scientific associations in Medical, Clinical, Pharmaceutical, Engineering, Technology and Management Fields. (omicsonline.org)
  • DN progression is associated with podocyte damage due to reduced autophagy caused by mTORC1 activation. (hindawi.com)
  • However, it is still unclear whether autophagy could resist intraocular fibrosis and prevent PVR progression. (ijbs.com)
  • More importantly, astragaloside IV (the main component of Astragali Radix) and emodin (the main component of Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma) ameliorate podocyte damage in diabetic nephropathy by enhancing podocyte autophagy [ 13 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)