Mammalian aneuploidy chromosome cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Levasseur MD, Thomas C, Davies OR, Higgins JMG, Madgwick S. Aneuploidy in oocytes is prevented by sustained CDK1 activity through degron masking in cyclin B1 . (ncl.ac.uk)
Gasic, S., Mihola, O. & Trachtulec, Z. Prdm9 deficiency of rat oocytes causes synapsis among non-homologous chromosomes and aneuploidy. (cuni.cz)
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
The present review discusses methods to improve oocyte quality in older women and new stimulation protocols that may improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved during an in vitro fertilization cycle. (arvigen.com)
The decreased quality of oocytes involves an increased rate of chromosomal aneuploidy with aging predominantly related to meiotic errors during oocyte maturation. (arvigen.com)
It has been hypothesized that in gonadal dysgenesis various deletions on the X chromosome cause such rapid atresia of oocytes 5 that few girls with this condition reach puberty with functioning ovaries. (ldysinger.com)
As atresia continues, both the number and quality of oocytes fall below a critical level, and the rate of aneuploidy increases - a finding that is related at least in part to problems of the meiotic spindle 15 , 16 resulting in nondisjunction. (ldysinger.com)
Overall, there is more to the maternal ageing of oocytes than mere cellular deterioration exemplified by the notoriousincrease of meiotic aneuploidy. (gotomydoctor.com)
Reproduction (2014) 148 55-72 (Thus, ageing of oocytes may The 'maternal age effect' in reproduction, characterized be viewed as a life-long maintenance of cellular by a negative relationship between maternal age and homeostasis in the same cell, unlike ageing of the male reproductive success, is a poorly understood phenom- germline. (gotomydoctor.com)
Unlike the male germline, the bulk of The synthesis of the aforementioned molecular oocytes do not have a gonial stem cell population. (gotomydoctor.com)
Practically, cycle regulation, chromosome stability and epigenetic F9 cells allow for the efficient metabolic labelling of the modification, in both mouse and human oocytes SILAC reference in vitro, overcoming the difficulty of directly labelling oocytes in vivo. (gotomydoctor.com)

After fertilization, blastomeres of the newly created embryo undergo global epigenetic changes and simultaneously initiate transcription from the zygotic genome and differentiation forming separate cell lineages. (ehu.eus)
The Symposium Proceedings addresses 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work, and provides a current synthesis of genetic mechanisms and genome/chromosome biology. (cshlpress.com)
Mechanisms generating cancer genome complexity from a single cell division error. (strangeindia.com)
High-resolution profiling of gammaH2AX around DNA double strand breaks in the mammalian genome. (strangeindia.com)
Mammalian Genome 33, 590-605 (2022). (cuni.cz)
Comparison of variations detection between whole-genome amplification methods used in single-cell resequencing. (omicsdi.org)
Single-cell resequencing (SCRS) provides many biomedical advances in variations detection at the single-cell level, but it currently relies on whole genome amplification (WGA). (omicsdi.org)
SCCNV: A Software Tool for Identifying Copy Number Variation From Single-Cell Whole-Genome Sequencing. (omicsdi.org)
copy number variations (CNVs) across the genome in single cells requires single-cell whole-genome amplification (WGA) and sequencing. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we present SCCNV, a software tool for detecting CNVs from whole genome-amplified single cells. (omicsdi.org)
A comprehensive evaluation of four whole genome amplification (WGA)/next-generation sequencing workflows for genomic analysis of single CTCs, including PCR-based (GenomePlex and Ampli1), multiple displacement amplification (Repli-g), and hybrid PCR- and multiple displacement amplification-based [multiple annealing and loop-based amplification cycling (MALBAC)] is reported herein. (omicsdi.org)
In conclusion, MALBAC WGA coupled with low-pass whole genome sequencing is a robust workflow for genome-wide CNV profiling at single-cell level and has great potential to be applied in clinical investigations. (omicsdi.org)
Quantitative assessment of single-cell whole genome amplification methods for detecting copy number variation using hippocampal neurons. (omicsdi.org)

Amon's more recent work has investigated the regulation of chromosome segregation and how chromosomes are accurately transmitted to gametes in meiosis by examining gene regulatory networks. (wikipedia.org)
Meiosis is a specialized cellular program required to create haploid gametes from diploid parent cells. (biorxiv.org)
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
Cyril Darlington pioneered plant cytogenetics in 1920-30 and made important advances in our understanding of mechanisms of chiasma formation and the behavior of sex chromosomes in meiosis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Chromosome segregation errors generate a diverse spectrum of simple and complex genomic rearrangements. (strangeindia.com)
p53 Prohibits propagation of chromosome segregation errors that produce structural aneuploidies. (strangeindia.com)
Presented in conjunction with cells expressing a histone 2B-GFP fusion protein (H2B-GFP), we demonstrated how this method enabled chromosomal segregation errors to be tracked in cells as they progressed through cellular division that were later identified as either diploid or polyploid. (biomedcentral.com)

The concentration of CoQ10 in most tissues decreases after 30 years of age in humans and this decline in CoQ10 may contribute to the aging process, since it coincides with the decline in fertility and increased rate of aneuploidies. (arvigen.com)

More specifically, her research examines the regulation of exit from mitosis, the regulation of the meiotic cell cycle, and effects of aneuploidy on normal physiology and tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Her Whitehead team identified an interaction between phosphatase and CDC14 which initiates the exit of cells from mitosis to the G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis. (strangeindia.com)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
TP53 is a checkpoint molecule that maintains genomic stability, prevents cell mitosis and induces apoptosis following abnormal chromosome segregation or chemical damage to DNA sequences [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

She identified two regulatory networks (FEAR and MEN) that promote the release of CDC14 which have the potential to identify the mechanisms that control the final stages of the mitotic cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Ly, P. & Cleveland, D. W. Rebuilding chromosomes after catastrophe: emerging mechanisms of chromothripsis. (strangeindia.com)
Since Boveri's theory that chromosome abnormalities promote cancer, studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms behind the origins of chromosomal aberrations [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
These CIN mechanisms and their signatures can be largely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
We are interested in mechanisms of chromosome segregation. (nih.gov)
We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
The mechanisms of transmission of both discontinuous and continuous characteristics across the generations were unknown before Mendel's laws were explained at the turn of the 20th Century by the behavior of chromosomes in germ cells [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

in 2015 showed that supplementation of CoQ10 in an aged animal model delayed decline in ovarian reserve, restored oocyte mitochondrial gene expression, and improved mitochondrial activity with a significant reduction in oocyte aneuploidy. (arvigen.com)

It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Moreover, aneuploidy arising from mitotic divisions is a hallmark of many types of solid tumors. (nih.gov)
Our studies concentrate on a GTPase called Ran and on a family of s mall u biquitin-like mo difiers (SUMOs), which are indispensable for mitotic chromosome segregation. (nih.gov)
Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
TTFields can induce a number of biological responses, including mitotic catastrophe, to kill cancer cells by targeting polarizable intracellular molecules. (conditionmed.org)

DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify YpdB-regulated genes, we compared the transcriptomes of E. coli cells overproducing either YpdB or a control protein. (cipsm.de)
CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)
In 1944 it was realized that genetic transformation in bacteria was due to DNA and not protein and that DNA was the molecule responsible for heredity in genes and chromosomes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
1 , 2 The mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood and involves multiple factors encoded by genes on the X chromosome, as well as on autosomes. (ldysinger.com)
The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)

The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)

In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)

Defects in chromosome segregation lead to aneuploidy, the condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes. (nih.gov)

Enthrallingly, HTLV-1 Tax expression also targets the functions of the centrosome, and this event is correlated with centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Three methods are commonly used for WGA: multiple displacement amplification (MDA), degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) and multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC). (omicsdi.org)
We demonstrate its performance by analyzing data obtained with most of the single-cell amplification methods that have been employed for CNV analysis, including DOP-PCR, MDA, MALBAC, and LIANTI. (omicsdi.org)
TP53 mutation-associated genomic instability may promote chromosome 7 accumulation and MDR1 amplification during ovarian cancer chemoresistance and recurrence. (biomedcentral.com)

She displayed an early interest in plant and animal biology as a child, keeping a notebook full of newspaper clippings, and was motivated to study biology after learning about Mendelian genetics and seeing time-lapse micrographs of the division of plant cells in middle school. (wikipedia.org)
Nature Cell Biology 2007, 9 (10), 1192-1198. (ncl.ac.uk)
Journal of Cell Biology 2006, 174 (6), 791-801. (ncl.ac.uk)
Nature Cell Biology 2006, 8 (9), 1035-1037. (ncl.ac.uk)
Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10, 242 (2022). (cuni.cz)
However, the measurement of DNA content by flow cytometry provides little resolution to the biology of individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Journal of Cell Biology, 83 (2 PART). (cshl.edu)
Journal of Cell Biology, 95 (2). (cshl.edu)
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 19 (7). (cshl.edu)
Nature Cell Biology, 9 (5). (cshl.edu)
With stem cell biology and molecular understanding of reproductive failure, new therapies for previously untreatable infertility are currently on the near horizon. (infertile.com)

On the other hand, extreme levels of CIN could lead to decreased cell fitness or apoptosis [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)

While it is routine to detect structural viral proteins in vitro for diagnostic purposes, it previously remained impossible to directly and dynamically visualize HIV in living cells without genetic modification of the virus. (cipsm.de)
Here we identified Nup2 in a pool of enriched proteins that co-purify with tagged Ndj1 from meiotic cell extracts. (biorxiv.org)
To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
Another conclusion from most of the cases is that animals or cells haploinsufficient for the specified proteins have higher transformation rates after DNA damage is induced, but when their DNA is not significantly damaged by exogenous sources, tumor development rates are the same as for their wild-type counterparts. (aacrjournals.org)
The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)
These results demonstrate a mixed unbiased transcriptomic, proteomic, and immunomic strategy identifies a significantly broadened repertoire of proteins antigens targeted by T cells involved with allergy pathogenesis. (enmd-2076.com)
The finding of proteins that creates Th2 cells but aren't IgE reactive may permit the advancement EI1 of safer immunotherapeutic strategies. (enmd-2076.com)
Although occasionally it's been demonstrated that T cells can only just or preferentially offer help B cells particular for the same proteins (17, 18), in additional systems this limitation was not the situation (19, 20). (enmd-2076.com)
It had been discovered that two protein that can be found on a single particle could function collectively which T cells particular for one proteins could offer help for B cells particular for the next proteins (20). (enmd-2076.com)

Most large genomes contain thousands of large structural variants (SVs), repetitive regions composed of identical or similar stretches of sequences, mobile elements such as transposons, large insertions, deletions, translocations, and inversions up to millions of bases, with even partial or entire chromosomes altered. (mdanderson.org)
Depending on the type of abnormalities, it can be classified into numerical CIN (nCIN), characterized by chromosome gains and losses, and structural CIN (sCIN) represented by chromosome translocations [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

They localize in close proximity to the nucleus for the duration of interphase and play major roles in numerous cell functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosomes are animal-specific non-membranous organelles that localize in close proximity to the cell nucleus for the duration of interphase. (biomedcentral.com)
During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
In interphase cells, GTP-bound Ran (Ran-GTP) is the major form in nucleus while GDP-bound Ran (Ran-GDP) is the predominant form in cytoplasm. (nih.gov)

The resulting recombinase-coated ssDNA filaments can invade the homologous chromosome dsDNA, searching for a complementary sequence (chromosome pairing), which will foster genetic material exchange. (nature.com)
Selective Y centromere inactivation triggers chromosome shattering in micronuclei and repair by non-homologous end joining. (strangeindia.com)
Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)

The ability to measure DNA content in single cells by means of LCFM would allow cellular stage and ploidy to be coupled with a variety of imaging directed analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
This method allows the examination of single-cell dynamics to be correlated with cellular stage and ploidy in a high-throughput fashion. (biomedcentral.com)
Its quantification serves to assess several cellular parameters including DNA ploidy and a cell's temporal location within the cell cycle [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian cancer cell DNA ploidy was determined using Feulgen-stained smears or flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

Reactions against the dominating undescribed epitopes had been from the memory space T-cell subset and may even be recognized directly former mate vivo after Th2 cell enrichment. (enmd-2076.com)

and human spermatogenic stem cell culture to treat azoospermia, and to preserve fertility in pre-pubertal boys undergoing cancer treatment. (infertile.com)

Moreover, chromosomal instability was detected, both in binucleated and mononucleated cells, coupled with a minor inhibition of cell proliferation, whereas genomic instability was not revealed. (bvsalud.org)
We did not detect any significant cell death, chromosomal instability, or DNA fragmentation in the spermatogonia treated with the ZnO NPs following one-day treatment with 10 or 20 µg/ml ZnO NPs. (bvsalud.org)
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)

Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, we anticipate that this method will allow high-resolution microscopic analysis of cellular processes involving cell cycle progression, such as checkpoint activation, DNA replication, and cellular division. (biomedcentral.com)
We now recognize that, following DNA replication, the metaphase chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by a centromere and by cohesin. (biomedcentral.com)

This includes gene, protein and metabolic networks, cellular architecture and intracellular dynamics, cell communication and motility, cell division and differentiation, tissue formation and organogenesis, tissue and organ functions, changes in population characteristics as a consequence of interaction of organisms with their physical environment, with individuals of their own species, and with organisms of other species. (nih.gov)
Development of new or improved laboratory/experimental techniques, instruments, or supporting software that measure the location and dynamics of molecules in situ, and organelles, cells, or tissues on the nanometer and micrometer length scales. (nih.gov)
Live-cell fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) is a powerful tool used to investigate cellular dynamics in real time. (biomedcentral.com)

Together, these data demonstrate that human brain cells (both neurons and non-neuronal cells) can be aneuploid and that the resulting genetic mosaicism is a normal feature of the human CNS. (jneurosci.org)
Morgan, Sturtevant, Bridges and Muller constructed the first genetic linkage maps from recombination studies in crosses made in the fruit fly and from cytological preparations of its polytene salivary gland chromosomes [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the genetic code was deciphered much has been learnt about the chromosome structure shared by all organisms from yeast to human. (biomedcentral.com)
In the 1970s, somatic cell genetic techniques were developed to allow the quantification and characterization of specific gene mutations arising in irradiated cultures of somatic cells. (nationalacademies.org)

The Amon lab primarily investigates yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model for understanding the controls that govern cell-cycle progression and received an Early Career Award grant, a PECAS award, from he NIH for this work in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
Her research group recently created haploid yeast cells containing extra copies of chromosomes and discovered that these aneuploid strains elicit phenotypes independent of the identity of the additional chromosome such as defects in cell cycle progression, increased energy demands, and interference with protein biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)

Genomic instability caused by mutation of the checkpoint molecule TP53 may endow cancer cells with the ability to undergo genomic evolution to survive stress and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

In mammals, functional analysis of the individual RAD51 paralogues in cell lines has shown similar but non-redundant contributions in DNA repair processes such as HR efficiency, RAD51 nuclear focus formation, sensitization to mitomycin C (MMC) and protection of perturbed replications forks [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
Nup2 is a nonessential nucleoporin that functions in nuclear transport, boundary activity, and telomere silencing in mitotically dividing cells. (biorxiv.org)
A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. (jneurosci.org)
This method relies on introducing a live-cell membrane-permeant DNA fluorophore, such as Hoechst 33342, into the culture medium of cells at the end of any live-cell imaging experiment and measuring each cell's integrated nuclear fluorescence to quantify DNA content. (biomedcentral.com)
We also describe and provide an automated Matlab-derived algorithm that measures the integrated nuclear fluorescence in each cell and subsequently plots these measurements into a cell cycle histogram for each frame imaged. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA content is accurately assessed on a single cell basis by measuring the integrated nuclear fluorescence of a fluorophore that binds to DNA stoichiometrically. (biomedcentral.com)

METHODS: MEHP effects on cell viability, cell death and genotoxicity were investigated on the DLEC cell line, derived from early embryos of the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. RESULTS: A dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, with no induction of necrotic process, except at its highest concentration, was observed. (bvsalud.org)
To our knowledge, the overall results suggest the first evidence of a possible aneugenic effect of this compound in the DLEC cell line, that is the induction of chromosomal loss events without the induction of primary DNA damage. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast, studies reporting DNA damage in bacteria, induction of SCE in mammalian cells or tests in inappropriate test systems such as yeasts are considered to contribute far less to the overall assessment and are therefore not further discussed. (europa.eu)
We developed cell lines in which RanBP2 levels can be controlled through the induction of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). (nih.gov)

CONCLUSIONS: MEHP should be considered more harmful than its parent compound DEHP, because it induces genomic instability in the DLEC cell line without triggering cell death. (bvsalud.org)

We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)

tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)

J Cell Biol (2003) 162 (4): 551-563. (rupress.org)
Cell Biol. (strangeindia.com)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)
J Cell Biol, 72 (3). (cshl.edu)
Mol Biol Cell, 26 (8). (cshl.edu)
J Cell Biol, 167 (1). (cshl.edu)

This work has important implications for human health because aneuploidy in eggs is a leading cause of pregnancy loss, birth defects and infertility. (embo.org)
Several common birth defects, such as Down's syndrome, result from aneuploidy arising during meiotic cell divisions. (nih.gov)

DNA methylation patterns change dynamically during mammalian development and lineage specification, yet scarce information is available about how DNA methylation affects gene expression profiles upon differentiation. (cipsm.de)

The objective of our laboratory is to analyze causes of chromosomal abnormalities and the maternal age effect in mammalian eggs, including human eggs. (embo.org)

Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)

Rad51b c.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. (nature.com)

These studies reaffirmed that chromosome structure and behavior in somatic and germ cell divisions were common to all plants and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
What's the link between stem cell divisions and cancer? (custom-writing.org)

Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)
Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)

KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase type III, which binds to stem cell factor. (inhibitorkit.com)

Aneuploidy is defined as the loss and/or gain of chromosomes to produce a numerical deviation from multiples of the haploid chromosomal complement ( King and Stansfield, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)

While in vitro studies are often based on submerged exposures, this study aimed to expose A549 alveolar epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to unravel the genotoxic and oxidative stress-inducing potential of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) with concentrations relevant at occupational settings. (bvsalud.org)
However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high levels of ROS or too low levels of antioxidative protection will render these cells dysfunctional thereby failing the fertilization process and causing couples to be infertile. (hindawi.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Notably, exposure of cancer cells to TTFields has been shown to result in immunogenic cell death, which is reflected by damage-associated molecular patterns and the formation of micronuclei that further activate DNA sensor-related inflammatory pathways, indicating the immunomodulatory role for TTFields. (conditionmed.org)

In this review, we discuss some aspects of early embryonic development in mammals, namely the fidelity of chromosome segregation and occurrence of aneuploidy, as well as the clinical applications of cell cycle monitoring in human embryos. (ehu.eus)

Hatch, E. M. & Hetzer, M. W. Linking micronuclei to chromosome fragmentation. (strangeindia.com)

Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)

Plk3 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and involved in cellular response to DNA damage [ 9 ]. (oncotarget.com)
To overcome this limitation, approaches incorporating laser scanning cytometry and fluorescence microscopy have been successful in quantifying DNA content in single cells [ 2 , 3 ], providing the capacity to combine this information with additional cellular parameters that can be elucidated by imaging. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, traditional methods for examining DNA content by microscopy have relied on cellular fixation, which is incompatible with tracking cells over time. (biomedcentral.com)
To overcome the limitations brought upon by cellular fixation, membrane-permeant DNA fluorophores were designed to stain DNA stoichiometrically in live-cells (supravital staining), enabling both the quantification of DNA content and the ability to track the movement of chromosomes over time. (biomedcentral.com)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)

Regardless of the need for Th2 cells and their connected cytokines in the pathogenesis of sensitive respiratory disease, research of antigens regarded as causes of T-cell reactions have up to now been mostly limited by those recognized to bind IgE antibodies (7, 8) and induce IgE-mediated instant hypersensitivity reactions (9). (enmd-2076.com)

In G1 phase, cells have a single centrosome consisting of two centrioles joined by cohesion fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
Each cell inherits one centrosome after the completion of cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-apoptotic MCL1 Protein Represents Critical Survival Molecule for Most Burkitt Lymphomas and BCL2-negative Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas. (cuni.cz)

Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Genomic Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells at the Single-Cell Level. (omicsdi.org)
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have a great potential for noninvasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of cancer. (omicsdi.org)
Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)

Stains used by pathologists to identify bacteria also served to identify chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy65

Organisms7

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes141

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Oocytes11

Genome13

Meiosis4

Segregation errors3

Rate of aneuploidies1

Mitosis6

Mechanisms7

Oocyte1

Mitotic6

Genes15

Meiotic chromosome1

Regulation1

Abnormal1

Amplification5

Biology12

Apoptosis1

Polyploidy1

Proteins11

Structural2

Interphase4

Homologous3

Ploidy4

Vivo1

Fertility1

Chromosomal instability3

Replication5

Dynamics3

Genetic4

Yeast2

TP531

Nuclear7

Induction4

Induces1

Mutations1

Lymphocytes1

Biol6

Birth defects2

Differentiation1

Abnormalities1

Organization1

Accumulation1

Divisions2

Somatic cells1

Tumors3

Stem1

Haploid1

Oxidative stress2

Pathways2

Embryos1

Fragmentation1

Instability1

Cellular5

Induce1

Centrosome3

Protein1

Tumor5

Bacteria1