Mammalian amino acid transport systems acidic. Medical search. Frequent questions

In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The transport system presented in the journal Nature Chemical Biology exemplifies the promising potential of a de novo design of peptides and proteins. (eurekalert.org)
Experiments with E. coli bacteria and eukaryotic cells revealed that the new peptide system is even suitable for transporting other peptides and proteins. (eurekalert.org)
These proteins are highly conserved across all kingdoms of life and thus likely share a common transport mechanism. (nature.com)
They are members of the rBAT family of mammalian proteins (TC #8.A.9). (tcdb.org)
Until early 1990s, renal organic anion transport was thought to be carried out by a few carrier proteins that showed wide substrate specificity. (aspetjournals.org)
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins, as well as the intermediates in metabolism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This feature of amino acids allows them to polymerize to form proteins as well as peptides, which generally have shorter amino acid chain length. (sigmaaldrich.com)
As the building blocks of proteins, amino acids are critical for inclusion in cell culture media. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Our polyamino acids have properties that mimic proteins, making them ideal for both drug delivery and the delivery of nucleic acids both in vitro and in vivo . (sigmaaldrich.com)
Usually, when chemical neurotransmitters are released in the central nervous system, they act at receptor proteins and are then inactivated by sulfation or by FAD-linked mono-oxygenases or alternatively are carried by transporter proteins back into the initiating neurone. (simplymimi.net)
Proteins, along with the nucleic acids in a cell form the molecular basis of life itself 1 . (ijpsr.com)
Membrane transport proteins that actively co-transport ASCORBIC ACID and sodium ions across the CELL MEMBRANE. (lookformedical.com)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. (lookformedical.com)

Mutants of residues in the transition-metal ion-binding site severely affect transport, whereas a mutation of a conserved histidine located near this site results in metal ion transport that appears uncoupled to proton transport. (nature.com)
Since the ''floor'' of the peptide-accommodating cleft is closed, only relatively small peptides, consisting of 9 to 11 amino acid residues, can be ''stuffed'' there. (microbenotes.com)
A cooperative and competitive interaction between multiple enzymes, cell lines, and cell culture conditions causes processing of the oligosaccharide structure during which some of the already attached moieties like mannose are trimmed to yield a fiveâ residue core (Man3GlcNAc2), to which N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose, galactose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or Neu5Ac) residues get added in a probabilistic fashion. (chromatographyonline.com)
These amino acid sequences are glycosylated with a range of sugars and both these carbohydrate residues and the peptides themselves are sulfated. (simplymimi.net)
Two aspartic acid residues in the active site of the cyclase (AC or GC) promotes the binding of ATP. (pancreapedia.org)

The most important open questions concern the structure of the transporter in an outward-facing conformation and whether, similar to their eukaryotic counterparts, transport in the prokaryotic transporters would be coupled to H + . To resolve these questions we have investigated the structural and functional properties of the SLC11 transporter from the bacterium Eremococcus coleocola (EcoDMT). (nature.com)
The peptide transporter carbon starvation (CstA) family (transporter classification [TC] 2.A.114) belongs to the second largest superfamily of secondary transporters, the amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) superfamily. (cipsm.de)
They proposed that Lys158 is central to proton-coupled transport and that the amine group serves the same functional role as the Na2 ion in LeuT, thus demonstrating common principles among proton- and sodium-coupled transporters. (tcdb.org)
Cellular arginine uptake is mainly mediated by the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family, also known as y + transporters, which is involved in active transport [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dietary absorption of VITAMIN C is highly dependent upon this class of transporters and a subset of SODIUM GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS which transport the oxidized form of vitamin C, DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

The Niemann-Pick group of diseases can be subclassified into two categories: (1) those with a primary deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity (ie, types A and B) and (2) those with defective intracellular processing and transporting of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol (ie, type C). (medscape.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerging evidence suggests that lysosomes may also be the cellular center for intracellular transport (Fig. 1 ), signaling (Fig. 2 ), and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular transport. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids have been shown to have important roles in an intracellular signal transmission system. (justia.com)

This enzyme defect explains the massive deposition of sphingomyelin in tissues of the reticuloendothelial systems. (medscape.com)
Moreover, neurotransmitters that act in peripheral tissues, like muscle, are easier to identify than those that act on the central nervous system (CNS). (elifesciences.org)
Brown, '70) and possibly in certain mammalian tissues (De Vries et al. (docksci.com)
It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. (selfdecode.com)

Our previous studies on the structure and function of the transition-metal ion transporter from Staphylococcus capitis (ScaDMT) have revealed the general architecture of the SLC11/NRAMP family and they provided initial insight into the structural basis of selective transition-metal ion transport 16 . (nature.com)
have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)
Roughly 95% of creatine is released in close proximity to the muscle tissue and transported into the cell via a limited capacity creatine-transporter system. (oatext.com)
first, organic anions are transported from the peritubular plasma by basolateral organic anion transporter(s) and subsequently effluxed into the tubular lumen by luminal transporter(s). (aspetjournals.org)
The transport properties of rOAT1 are nearly identical to those of the classic PAH transporter. (aspetjournals.org)
It is likely that the creatine molecules are then transported into a synaptic vesicle located in a presynaptic neuron that expresses a creatine transporter (CreaT) called SLC6A8. (elifesciences.org)

Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
However, it is unlikely that this second uptake system contributes greatly to L-alanine uptake. (docksci.com)
Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the '%''-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. (docksci.com)
Amino acids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of compounds commonly concentrated by active transport, and their uptake has been studied in a wide variety of microbial and mammalian systems. (docksci.com)
68) via uptake systems specific for single amino acids or groups of structurally related amino acids. (docksci.com)
D . M . SCOTT AND J. A. PATEMAN ever, L-alanine also appeared to be capable of transport via a second "leucine preferring" uptake system. (docksci.com)
Uptake assay procedure Amino acid uptake was examined using a modification of the method described by Hatanaka et al. (docksci.com)

However, although it is clear that lipid transport is a central process in organelle biogenesis, the mechanisms by which lipids are transported through cells remain poorly understood. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, the transport of lipids through the cytosol and lipid flow through a continuous endomembrane system are not mutually exclusive processes and both may occur in cells. (wikipedia.org)
6) Lysosomes are the pools of metabolites in cells, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)

This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)

Some bacterial pathogens have been shown to substantially modify their surface components in response to the host immune system and modify their energy metabolism and transport pathways to allow efficient growth within the host. (cdc.gov)
Amino acids are commonly used as supplements in cell culture media and in metabolism research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (selfdecode.com)
Manganese interferes with amino acid metabolism by inhibiting aconitase, resulting in an increase in citrate levels. (selfdecode.com)
An enzyme involved in the metabolism of ASCORBIC ACID and aldarate. (lookformedical.com)

Also transports other metal ions less efficiently. (tcdb.org)

The idea of lipid flow through a continuous system of membranes and vesicles was an alternative to the various membranes being independent entities that are formed from transport of free lipid components, such as fatty acids and sterols, through the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)

Peptides suitable for this purpose are rather small as they usually consist of less than 30 amino acids. (eurekalert.org)

They consist of positively charged sequences of nine amino acids centered on the invariant tripeptide glycine-arginine-proline. (lookformedical.com)
Creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl-N-methyl glycine) is an important amino acid based metabolite produced in the kidneys, liver and pancreas and used by the muscle in the production of energy [ 1-3 ]. (oatext.com)

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes (endomembranes) that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. (wikipedia.org)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis, and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Highly homologous prokaryotic SLC11 family members transport Mn 2+ into the cytoplasm 11 . (nature.com)

Mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ play different roles in genome stability, but their precise role in heterochromatin structure is unclear. (cipsm.de)
Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
The IP 3 R converts IP 3 signaling into Ca 2+ signaling, and thus plays crucial roles in a wide range of cellular functions such as embryonic development, differentiation of cells, proliferation, phagocytosis, granule secretion, motion and actions in nerve system, and it is especially important for the IP 3 R to normally function in cells in order to keep the homeostasis of cells. (justia.com)

It is a basic peptide with a high content of arginine amino acids, and it has two components essential for its functionality. (eurekalert.org)
Arginine prevented C. perfringens challenge-induced circulated arginine deficiency, normalized intestinal arginine transport and catabolism, down-regulated JAK-STAT signalling pathway and attenuated the inflammatory response, which exerted protective effects on the intestine of broiler chickens. (biomedcentral.com)
L -arginine is an essential amino acid for chickens and turns out to be a conditionally essential amino acid for mammals under many stressful conditions [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

it is the only region of the molecule where allelic differences in the amino acid sequence can be localized. (microbenotes.com)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. (lookformedical.com)
The deduced amino acid sequence of hOAT3 showed 36 to 51% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. (aspetjournals.org)
Glycosylation refers to a sequence of events that take place in the Golgi body and the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells of the expression system (predominantly mammalian) that lead to post-translational addition and processing of carbohydrate or glycan moieties to the protein backbone (usually serine- or threonineâ linked glycosylation for O-linked glycans and asparagineâ linked glycosylation for N-linked glycans) (6). (chromatographyonline.com)

Among the different CQAs (generally only a few for microbial products and more for mammalian products), a glycosylation profile of a product is well-recognized as a CQA that requires stringent monitoring and control. (chromatographyonline.com)

In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes, and plasma (cell) membrane among others. (wikipedia.org)

The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
The uncoated transport vesicles can fuse with autophagosome or heterophagosome to form autophagolysosome, heterophagic lysosome or phagolysosome. (biomedcentral.com)
The folded structure gets transported via vesicles to the Golgi bodies (7). (chromatographyonline.com)

ClC-6 is a late endosomal voltage-gated chloride-proton exchanger that is predominantly expressed in the nervous system. (bvsalud.org)

The new peptide system makes it clear that de novo design is a promising research approach in the search for methods that enable drug or dye molecules to be introduced into mammalian cells in a targeted and gentle manner,' adds Dr Guto Rhys, postdoc at the Protein Design research group and one of the three first authors. (eurekalert.org)
The major constituent of a senile plaque is β-amyloid (Αβ), which is a 40-43 amino acid peptide produced by the action of secretory pathway-associated proteases, namely β and γ secretases, at the C terminus of a type I membrane-spanning glycoprotein termed amyloid precursor protein (APP). (jneurosci.org)
The hOAT3 cDNA consisted of 2179 base pairs that encoded a 543-amino-acid residue protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains. (aspetjournals.org)
Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)

Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)

Injectable hyaluronic acid or topical tretinoin (Retin-A) are also commonly used. (lifeextension.com)

Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

NSY-1 is in the highly conserved p38 MAP kinase pathway, which plays a crucial role in C. elegans innate immunity, suggesting that this pathway may play a role in biogenic amine toxicity system damage due to amphetamines and in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease in higher organisms. (stanford.edu)
Based on 3-d structures of APC superfamily members, Rudnick ( 2011 ) has proposed the pathway for transport and suggested a 'rocking bundle' mechanism of transport. (tcdb.org)
In particular, the organic anion transport pathway has been shown to mediate the elimination of various drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
in filamentous fungi, the his-asp phosphorelay signaling system and hog pathway are involved in the action of the fungicides, fludioxonil, and iprodione, as well as osmotic and oxidative stress responses. (liverpool.ac.uk)

1998. Ammonia: Emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. (cdc.gov)

Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. (selfdecode.com)
It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN. (lookformedical.com)

It is also formed in the body by oxidation of the aminoacids cysteine and methionine. (simplymimi.net)

Whether utilized as building blocks, conformational constraints, molecular scaffolds, or pharmacologically active products, our unnatural amino acids represent a nearly infinite array of diverse structural elements for the development of new leads in peptidic and non-peptidic compounds. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)
Unnatural amino acids are non-proteinogenic amino acids that either occur naturally or are chemically synthesized. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. (lookformedical.com)
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. (lookformedical.com)
AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences. (lookformedical.com)

A range of experiments suggests that creatine, a molecule known for recycling ATP in muscle and brain tissue, may also function as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. (elifesciences.org)

The resemblance in the Morphine Phenol system and N-Terminal tyrosine residue in the opioid receptors implied that these molecules also interacted with the opioid receptors in a similar manner and cause similar responses 8-9 . (ijpsr.com)

Each region in the central nervous system is endowed with particular synaptic machinery types of proper properties for delivering the region-specific functions. (springer.com)

Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that the generation of PtdIns(4)P is sufficient to trigger forward transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane and that Sac1p is critically required for the termination of this signal. (embl.de)

Interestingly, mitochondrial translocation of APP was incomplete because of an internal acidic domain present between 220 and 290 amino acids. (jneurosci.org)

This alanine transport system was shown to exhibit a broad substrate specificity and appeared to be capable of transporting most naturally occurring neutral a-amino acids. (docksci.com)

The disease is clinically characterized by progressive degeneration of the central nervous system with visceral accumulation of cholesterol and sphingomyelin. (medscape.com)

The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)

Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of plastids or mitochondria, but might have evolved partially from the actions of the latter (see below). (wikipedia.org)

A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. (wikipedia.org)
A novel peptide developed at the Universities of Bayreuth and Bristol is eminently suited for the targeted transport of molecules, for example of active substances and dyes, into the cells of mammals. (eurekalert.org)
In recent years, biomedicine and pharmacology have developed a large number of active substances that are capable of triggering, enhancing, or inhibiting processes in mammalian cells. (eurekalert.org)
However, transporting these substances exactly to where they are required is still a challenge in many cases. (eurekalert.org)
It is true that mammalian cells have the ability to incorporate foreign substances through endocytosis. (eurekalert.org)
Analysis of heterologous expression systems of rOAT1 in oocytes and culture cells revealed that rOAT1 has the ability to transport anionic drugs, such as β-lactam antibiotics, NSAIDs, methotrexate, and antiviral drugs, as well as various endogenous organic anions and exogenous substances. (aspetjournals.org)

Because hOAT1 has been suggested to show rather limited capacity for organic anion transport, hOAT3 might play a large role in the human kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
Amino acids (AAs) are a group of organic molecules in which each is comprised of a basic amino group (-NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Its clean taste makes it applicable in soft drinks, sugar confectionery, preserves, soups and sauces Citric acid is a weak organic acid. (selfdecode.com)
Note that organic derivatives of phosphonic acids are listed under are ORGANOPHOSPHONATES. (lookformedical.com)

The partner peptide has to be previously placed inside the cell exactly where the transported molecules are to take effect. (eurekalert.org)
This is because there are only a few areas in the diverse structures of the cell interior where they can dock and deliver the molecules they transport. (eurekalert.org)
One allows the peptide to enter the cell interior, and the other is able to interact with an acidic partner peptide. (eurekalert.org)
The sphingomyelin that accumulates in the lysosomes of Niemann-Pick disease-affected cells is thought to arise from the degradation of the cells and their organelles because it is a major component of all mammalian cell membranes. (medscape.com)
Non-essential amino acids (NEAA) are those that are typically made by the organism, but can be added to culture media - individually or in the form of an NEAA cocktail - as a supplement to stimulate cell growth and promote longevity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The transport of L-alanine by the hamster kidney cell line BHK-21-C13. (docksci.com)
The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)
Elimination of Sac1p leads to excessive forward transport of chitin synthases and thus causes specific cell wall defects. (embl.de)

Amino acids can be classified into three groups: essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and conditional amino acids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. (lookformedical.com)

When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, hOAT3 mediated the transport of estrone sulfate ( K m = 3.1 μM), p -aminohippurate ( K m = 87.2 μM), methotrexate ( K m = 10.9 μM), and cimetidine ( K m = 57.4 μM) in a sodium-independent manner. (aspetjournals.org)
OAT1 is a PAH/dicarboxylate exchanger and mediates the high-affinity transport of PAH in a sodium-independent manner. (aspetjournals.org)
This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. (docksci.com)

Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)

Combined with previous results, our study defines the conformational changes underlying transition-metal ion transport in the SLC11 family and it provides molecular insight to its coupling to protons. (nature.com)
Such molecular defect is based on the expansion of this triplet that codes amino acid glutamine. (hindawi.com)
We manufacture custom polyamino acids for specific molecular weight ranges or polydispersity ranges (size distribution). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Used as molecular probes, they can help to better understand the function of biological systems. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The first proposal that the membranes within cells form a single system that exchanges material between its components was by Morré and Mollenhauer in 1974. (wikipedia.org)
Communication in the nervous system relies on neurons transmitting signals to target cells. (elifesciences.org)
have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)
Prior to amino acid transport assay cells were harvested during exponential growth, inoculated into 60 mm petri dishes (Gibco-Biocult) a t a density of 5.3 x lo3 cells/cm' and incubated as above for 48 hours. (docksci.com)

A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. (lookformedical.com)
Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. (lookformedical.com)
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. (lookformedical.com)

Resistance was due to a mutation in the nsy-1 gene, orthologous to the mammalian ASK-1 MAPKKK. (stanford.edu)

Here we have taken advantage of the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model system to investigate genetic modifiers of biogenic amine toxicity. (stanford.edu)
We supply both research and cGMP polyamino acids with improved solubility, drug attachment stability, drug encapsulation, drug targeting, bypassing multidrug resistance (MDR) factors, minimal stimulation of the immune system, low toxicity, and biodegradability. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Since these products are produced in biological systems, they often exhibit a high degree of variability (physical and chemical modifications). (chromatographyonline.com)

Central Nervous System: Is creatine a CNS neurotransmitter? (elifesciences.org)
Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. (selfdecode.com)
It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. (selfdecode.com)

Degradative organelles contain enzymes that function optimally at the acidic pH generated by the V-ATPase. (bvsalud.org)

It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. (selfdecode.com)

To address the possibility that activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR/FRAP), represents one of these pathways, we have examined the effect of simultaneous inhibition of the Ras-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR pathways on transformation of CEF by v-Src. (embl.de)
Peritoneal stomata constitute the principal pathways for the drainage of intraperitoneal contents from the PERITONEAL CAVITY to the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. (bvsalud.org)

By determining the structure of EcoDMT in an outward-facing conformation, we provide a framework that defines the conformational changes underlying transport by the alternate access mechanism 19 . (nature.com)

in particular, there is no available homologous transformation system. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Recently, we described the characterisation of a parasite gene (TashAT2), whose polypeptide product bears AT hook DNA-binding motifs and may be transported from the parasite to the host nucleus. (lookformedical.com)
In particular, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) in which 4-position and 5-position are phosphorylated not only forms an intermediate of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PI (3,4,5) P 3 ) that plays a role in vesicular transport and signal transmission to a nucleus, but also plays an important role by itself. (justia.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms14

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes56

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins14

Nucleic acids1

Residues5

Transporters5

Intracellular5

Tissues4

Transporter6

Uptake7

Lipids3

Broad-specificity1

Metabolism5

Ions1

Fatty acids1

Peptides1

Glycine2

Cytoplasm3

Roles3

Arginine3

Sequence5

Microbial1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Vesicles3

Predominantly1

Protein4

Analogues1

Commonly1

Metabolite1

Pathway4

19981

Cellular2

Oxidation1

Structural1

Occur2

Sequences3

Molecule1

Residue1

Synaptic1

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Mitochondrial1

Naturally1

Accumulation1

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Substances6

Organic4

Cell8

Essential2

Sodium3

Bacteria1

Molecular4

Cells4

Deficiency3

Mutation1

Toxicity2

Biological1

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Enzymes1

Citrus fruits1

Pathways2

Structure1

Homologous1

Nucleus2