Mammal ever cloned from adult animal cells cloned mammal clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
A year ago, we showed that you could do it with cells from embryos," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
Particularly valuable animals could be cloned from adult cells without the uncertainties of crossing them with other animals or tinkering with embryos. (newscientist.com)
More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
The broth induces individual cells to 'forget' their specialised function and develop as embryos rather than as part of a root or stem. (newstimenow.com)
There currently is no solid scientific evidence that anyone has cloned human embryos. (pooginook.com)
I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
The video clarifies the scientific process that led to Dolly's creation, explores how media and political leaders responded to the birth with surprise and fear, and how Dolly influenced the ongoing debate over the use of human embryos in stem cell research. (retroreport.org)
How public and political anxiety over cloning in the late 1990s led to decades of debate over the use of human embryos. (retroreport.org)
How did the Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka sidestep the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research? (retroreport.org)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos.University of EdinburghDolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (sp1ndex.com)

Cloning - Dolly the sheep was the first mammal ever cloned from adult animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
The cloned sheep was, of course, genetically identical to the original adult sheep. (wikipedia.org)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
The difference with Dolly is that all her DNA originated in a cell from the udder of an adult sheep. (newscientist.com)
The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)
Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
Biologist are already cloning plants and even sheep! (newstimenow.com)
Sheep Dolly is a clone of its mother. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
The science of cloning has come a long way since the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep in Edinburgh in 1996. (blogspot.com)
British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
He led efforts to develop cloning, or nuclear transfer, techniques that could be used to make genetically modified sheep. (cyprus-mail.com)
This involved taking a sheep egg, removing its DNA and replacing it with DNA from a frozen udder cell of a sheep that died years before. (cyprus-mail.com)
Now, researchers in the United Kingdom are about to clear Dolly's name and show additional evidence of normal aging in the tribe of university-cloned sheep that followed her. (blogspot.com)
They show that the skeletons, stored in the collections of National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh , display radiographic OA similar to that observed in naturally-conceived sheep and Nottingham's healthy aged clones. (blogspot.com)
Professor Corr said: "We found that the prevalence and distribution of radiographic-OA was similar to that observed in naturally-conceived sheep, and our healthy aged cloned sheep. (blogspot.com)
They performed nuclear transfer experiments in which nuclei from embryonic, foetal and adult cells of the sheep were transplanted into fertilized eggs derived from ewes. (shawprize.org)
They further created a sheep called Polly in which they showed that it was possible to incorporate a human gene into the donor's DNA before cloning, thus indicating that it may be possible to use animals to produce human proteins for the benefit of mankind. (shawprize.org)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
Quick Answer: What Year Was Dolly The Sheep Cloned? (pooginook.com)
How old was Dolly the cloned sheep when she died? (pooginook.com)
That honour belongs to another sheep which was cloned from an embryo cell and born in 1984 in Cambridge, UK. (pooginook.com)
How much did it cost to clone Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, died on 14 February. (pooginook.com)
She lived to six and a half years, when she was eventually put down after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. (pooginook.com)
What happened to Dolly the sheep clone? (pooginook.com)
What animals have been cloned since Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep - a clone. (wptv.com)
Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from the DNA of an adult. (snexplores.org)
In this fashion, mice or other laboratory animals that exhibit particular traits can be created for specialized studies, or herds of farm animals (such as goats, sheep or cows) can be created that produce pharmaceutically useful proteins in their milk. (who.int)
In February 1997 the cloning of a sheep sent shock waves around the globe and triggered fears of overreach by scientists. (retroreport.org)

They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)
Last week, they published further evidence, in the form of a radiographic assessment of the skeletons of Dolly herself, Bonnie (her naturally conceived daughter) and Megan and Morag (the first two animals to be cloned from differentiated cells). (blogspot.com)
In 1995, they produced a pair of lambs called Megan and Morag from embryonic cells. (shawprize.org)

Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
English embryologist who in 1996 supervised the team of scientists that produced a lamb named Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a cell from an adult. (todayinsci.com)
Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
It seemed like the prophecies of doom had come true back in 2003, when reports circulated that Dolly, the famous (and first) ewe cloned in 1996, suffered from what might be considered premature aging, in the form of osteoarthritis (OA). (blogspot.com)
She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday (the disease was not considered related to her being a clone) on 14 February 2003. (pooginook.com)
His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)

Last year they used the same reproductive technology to create the world's first cloned lambs (Nature, vol 380, p 64). (newscientist.com)
Dolly, the world's first cloned mammal from an adult cell, is on display at the National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh. (blogspot.com)
This 13-minute video shows students both the scientific and cultural context surrounding Dolly, the world's first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)
Researchers at the Brasilia Zoo have previously produced over 100 living clones of cows and horses but the process for wild animals is different and the next stage is to get those researchers trained. (blogspot.com)
PARIS, May 27, 2002 (LSN.ca) - Cloned fetuses are almost certain to miscarry, and the few that do come to term are likely to suffer crippling abnormalities, according to the latest experiments on cows and other animals reports the journal Nature Genetics. (lifesitenews.com)
A University of Connecticut team found that cloned cows had flaws in nine out of 10 genes studied on their X chromosome-one of the two sex chromosomes that determine a mammal's sex. (lifesitenews.com)

Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
The scientists honoured by the 2008 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine used different approaches to reprogramme an adult cell into the totipotent or pluripotent state, and in doing so made important contributions to potential new approaches to improve agriculture practices and to treat human diseases. (shawprize.org)
In 1998, scientists in South Korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. (pooginook.com)
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
Gurdon's research built on the work of Thomas King and Robert Briggs in the United States, who in 1952 published findings that indicated that scientists could take a nucleus from an early embryonic cell and successfully transfer it into an unfertilized and enucleated egg cell. (asu.edu)
Mice Used as Sperm Factories for Pigs, Goats - Hillary Mayell, for National Geographic News August 14, 2002″For the first time scientists have been able to produce viable sperm from the tissue of sexually immature mammals-and at the same time produce sperm of one species in the body of another species. (exposingsatanism.org)
That month, scientists reported the first successful attempt to reproduce a large, adult mammal through cloning. (exposingsatanism.org)
What would happen if scientists ever figure out how to clone people? (snexplores.org)
Scientists who study cloning envision a limitless supply of disease-resistant livestock, record-setting racehorses, and animals of species that would otherwise have gone extinct. (snexplores.org)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
How scientists created the first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)

That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
Fertilization of mammalian eggs is followed by successive cell divisions and progressive differentiation, first into the early embryo and subsequently into all of the cell types that make up the adult animal. (todayinsci.com)
The first offspring to develop from a differentiated cell were born after nuclear transfer from an embryo-derived cell line that had been induced to became quiescent. (todayinsci.com)
Using the same procedure, we now report the birth of live lambs from three new cell populations established from adult mammary gland, fetus and embryo. (todayinsci.com)
Monozy-gotic identical twins are also clones as they are formed by split up of the early 2 or more celled embryo into two equal parts. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
During the development of vertebrates, including humans, the fertilized egg develops into the embryo, and the cells in the embryo then proceed to differentiate to form somatic cells of different tissues and organs. (shawprize.org)
The fertilized egg is considered totipotent, as it can develop into a whole organism, while the cells in the embryo are pluripotent because they are capable of differentiating into somatic cells that make up all the organs. (shawprize.org)
They pioneered a new technique of starving embryo cells before transferring their nucleus to fertilized egg cells. (shawprize.org)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
It would involve introducing Neanderthal DNA into a human stem cell, before finding a human surrogate mother to carry the Neanderthal-esque embryo. (pooginook.com)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother.Wilmut's work at The Roslin Institute in Edinburgh continued to push the boundaries of animal genetics. (sp1ndex.com)

The development of gene cloning, through recombinant DNA techniques and rapid DNA sequencing, has made it possible in recent years not only to discover and record how genes are put together but to manipulate the stuff of life itself-achievements which could not be imagined even a decade ago. (newstimenow.com)
The various clones representing all the genes of an organism are called gene library of that organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
When the genetic material within the living cells, i.e. genes are working properly, the human body can develop and function smoothly. (faqs.org)

The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
But if, as seems likely, the Roslin team has succeeded in making an entire animal from adult tissue, it might be possible to do the same for humans. (newscientist.com)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
Can humans clone? (pooginook.com)
Cuddle Clones strives to create a unique, personal experience with their products, catering to the emotional bond between humans and their beloved pets. (liquidimageco.com)
I have read articles and seen photographs of babies born with animal features, or worse yet, demonic looking creatures being born to humans. (exposingsatanism.org)
Those fears led President Clinton to ban the use of federal funds for cloning humans. (retroreport.org)
Even those who focused more on the natural world than supernatural ones worried about the potential for making "designer humans" or something out of The Island of Dr. Moreau.While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (sp1ndex.com)

Half a century ago, it was found by John Gurdon that this developmental clock can be reversed, and that differentiated somatic cells in a frog model could regain their pluripotency or totipotency. (shawprize.org)
Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)

Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
Viable Offspring Derived from Petal and Adult Mammalian Cells', Nature (1997), 385 , 810. (todayinsci.com)
After years of experiments …cloning hit the big time in February 1997. (exposingsatanism.org)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
However, since clones are the exact replicas of someone already alive, their genetic dispositions will have already surfaced. (bartleby.com)
Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
The fact that a lamb was derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required far development to term. (todayinsci.com)
2 years has been spent gathering 420 genetic samples of these animals from dead animals found in the outback of Brazil. (blogspot.com)
A clone is a copy of a substance that shares the same genetic make-up as the original. (geminigenetics.com)
After being free from human interference and the addition of new cattle for over 1000 years, this UK Native breed are considered so genetically similar that they are in fact, genetic clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)
These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
From that moment forward, nearly all cells in that body have the same genetic makeup. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. (wptv.com)
There he continued his research on the cloning and genetic modification of livestock. (nottingham.ac.uk)
From agriculture to medicine to law, animal cloning to create genetic twins could change our lives. (snexplores.org)
Clones, like identical twins, are exact genetic copies of each other. (snexplores.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Genetic engineering is the altering of the genetic material of living cells in order to make them capable of producing new substances or performing new functions. (faqs.org)
The technique ofgenetic transfer developed by Berg, Boyer, and Cohen, described below, is fundamentally what is being used in most animal genetic engineering today. (faqs.org)

Wilmut's work at The Roslin Institute in Edinburgh continued to push the boundaries of animal genetics. (yahoo.com)

The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)

Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
At present, this is only possible with mice, using so-called embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
The new technique means they will not need embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)

On Dec. 27, 2002, Brigitte Boisselier held a press conference in Florida, announcing the birth of the first human clone, called Eve. (pooginook.com)

Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
They fuse as one cell," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
Wilmut, who was born near Stratford-upon-Avon, attended the University of Nottingham, initially to study agriculture, before switching to animal science. (cyprus-mail.com)
The technique synchronized the cell cycles of both cells and the results led Wilmut and Campbell to believe that any type of cell could be used to produce a clone. (shawprize.org)
Since then, the work of Wilmut and Campbell has been duplicated in many other animal species and has provided approaches to produce useful therapeutic products with cloned animals and to improve agricultural practices. (shawprize.org)

Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells also reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to became quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells. (todayinsci.com)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Is Dolly an exact clone of the nucleus donor? (retroreport.org)

Ten decades of spectacular discoveries in biology have shown us that life can arise only from life, that the nucleus governs the cell through the molecular mechanism of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and that the amount of DNA and its structure determine not only the nature of the species but also the characteristics of individuals. (newstimenow.com)
One of the live-born lambs, Dolly, was derived from the transplantation of the nucleus of an adult mammary cell. (shawprize.org)
7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)

Totipotency is the ability of a cell to grow into a complete organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
DNA is extracted from an organism by breaking its cells, separation of nuclei and rupturing of nuclear envelope. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)

Under the AHR Act, it is illegal to knowingly create a human clone, regardless of the purpose, including therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (pooginook.com)

In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Usually all plants are totipotent but in animals only fertilized egg (zygote) and stem cells in the embryonic blastocyst are totipotent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)

More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as "parents" for cloning. (wptv.com)

Mammary glands are rich in these cells, which are more adaptable than other tissue. (newscientist.com)
What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

However, it can also be used to build the populations of still-existing species, as Endangered Animal Cloning explains. (blogspot.com)
The 8 species the Brasilia Zoo will attempt to clone include the maned wolf, brush dog, grey brocket deer, bison, jaguar, black lion tamarin monkey, Collared Anteater, and the Brazilian Aardvark. (blogspot.com)
Though, the zoo has said that they would only release the cloned animals into the wild if the species was nearing total extinction. (blogspot.com)
it's highly variable, though, depending on the cell type used and the species. (wptv.com)

DOLLY may look like other lambs, but she is the most remarkable animal ever born. (newscientist.com)

Cloning occurs naturally in asexually reproducing mi-crobes and vegetatively multiplying plants. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)

The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
Carlos Frederico Martins, one of the head researchers, would not say how long it could take to produce the first clone but he did say it would likely be a maned wolf. (blogspot.com)
The researchers travelled to Edinburgh and, with special permission from Dr Andrew Kitchener, Principal Curator of Vertebrates at National Museums Scotland, undertook radiographic examinations of the skeletons of Dolly and her contemporary clones. (blogspot.com)
The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock: Rather, researchers continue to refine the techniques and combine them with other methods to turbocharge traditional animal breeding methods as well as gain insights into aging and disease. (wptv.com)
As researchers continue to refine their techniques and clone even more animals, some people are worried. (snexplores.org)

Commonly a virus that has been altered to carry human DNA is used to deliver the healthy gene to the targeted cells of the patient. (wikipedia.org)
The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
Should Human Cloning Be Pursued? (bartleby.com)
While it is banned in Britain, however, human cloning is legal elsewhere, including the US. (newscientist.com)
A small cell sample scraped painlessly from the inside of the mouth and stored under proper conditions may someday in the distant future be able to yield an entire human being. (newstimenow.com)
In the near future we may have in our computers, a complete analysis of the human genome and an index of every protein produced by each type of cell. (newstimenow.com)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize the history of interspecies chimerism in various animal models to find hints for BC application and describe the challenges and prospects of utilizing BC for human organ generation. (frontiersin.org)
Attempts were then made to show that mammalian cells - and human cells in particular - could also be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state, because it is believed that such knowledge may advance our understanding of developmental mechanisms, and yield new approaches for disease treatment. (shawprize.org)
When was the first human cloned? (pooginook.com)
Ramsey's statement could thus not apply to the issue of human cloning to begin with. (lifeissues.net)
b) But there is a more fundamental reason why Ramsey's statement might not apply to the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
John D. Gearhart is a renowned American developmental geneticist best known for leading the Johns Hopkins University research team that first identified and isolated human pluripotent stem cells from human primordial germ cells, the precursors of fully differentiated germ cells. (asu.edu)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined in 2008 that cloned food is not materially different from other foods and is safe for human consumption. (liquidimageco.com)
The decision has inflamed arguments about human health, animal rights, and the difference between right and wrong. (snexplores.org)
To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)
The cult, which has gained recent notoriety for its claimed attempt to clone human beings, prides itself on a sexual code similar to that held by advocates of abortion namely "sexual freedom between consenting adults. (lifesitenews.com)
Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals in experiments (although some research about animals involves only natural behaviors or pure observation, such as a mouse running a maze or field studies of chimp troops ). (wmflabs.org)
Worldwide it is estimated that the number of vertebrate animals-from zebrafish to non-human primates -ranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million used annually. (wmflabs.org)
[ 22 ] Avenzoar , an Arabic physician in 12th-century Moorish Spain who also practiced dissection, introduced animal testing as an experimental method of testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. (wmflabs.org)

Cloning is of several types-cell cloning, gene cloning, microbial cloning, plant cloning and animal cloning. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
From gene library, a clone having a specific gene can be identified and this gene can be multiplied by growing the relevant clone in a culture for study. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
On e of the wardens protecting these animals in Chillingham Cattle Park, Denene Crossley, states how "being isolated, they've managed to essentially purify their gene pool, to the point where they're natural clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)
This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The technique required three elements: the gene to be transferred, a host cell in which the gene is to be inserted, and a vector for transferring the gene to the body. (faqs.org)
Suppose, for example, that one wishes to insert the insulin gene into a bacterial cell. (faqs.org)

Before the decades of experiments that led to Dolly, it was thought that normal animals could be produced only by fertilization of an egg by a sperm. (wptv.com)
Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
Literally, "vivisection" means the "cutting up" of a living animal, and historically referred only to experiments that involved the dissection of live animals. (wmflabs.org)
Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to perform experiments on living animals. (wmflabs.org)

This time, we thought we'd take them from a fetus and an adult as well. (newscientist.com)

Almost 20 years ago, skeptics and opponents of the cloning of horses and other livestock forecast musculoskeletal calamities and weaknesses. (blogspot.com)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)

Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)

Clone is, therefore, an exact carbon copy or copies of a single living parent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Cell cloning is the formation of multiple copies of the same cell. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Cloning forms millions of copies of the same microbe. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
if a desirable animal was produced, they could thaw the frozen cells and make more copies. (wptv.com)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

The terms animal testing, animal experimentation , animal research, in vivo testing , and vivisection have similar denotations but different connotations . (wmflabs.org)

Thus, Dolly was the first example of the reprogramming of the adult cell back to totipotency in a mammal. (shawprize.org)

As of 2021, the FDA has yet to approve foods from cloned animals to be sold and cloned meat is not available for purchase in the US. (liquidimageco.com)

Reports in 2003 that Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult cells, was suffering from osteoarthritis at the age of 5½ led to considerable scientific concern and media debate over the possibility of early-onset age-related diseases in cloned animals. (blogspot.com)
Their results, published July last year in the academic journal Nature Communications , were in apparent stark contrast to Dolly the Sheep's diagnosis of early onset OA which led to scientific concern and media debate over the possibility of early-onset, age-related diseases in cloned animals. (blogspot.com)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)
They had been working for years to find a process to use clone cells in developing drugs and therapies to fight deadly diseases. (retroreport.org)

To understand how cloning works, it helps to know how animals normally reproduce. (snexplores.org)

She is the first mammal ever created from the non-reproductive tissue of an adult animal. (newscientist.com)
A small sized animal tissue is taken in liquid nutrient. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Plant tissue can be similarly taken in liquid nutrient medium and shaken mechanically when cells separate. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

i) Multiplication of cells having rDNA (recombinant DNA) and obtaining the required product like enzyme, hormone, antibody, etc. in good quantity, e.g., insulin, monoclonal antibodies. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Professor Campbell was a cell biologist/embryologist with a research career spanning more than 30 years, the majority of which was in the field of cell growth and differentiation. (nottingham.ac.uk)

The scientifically groundbreaking announcement also set off a media firestorm as experts and casual observers wrestled with lab-made mammals' ethical implications. (yahoo.com)

Animals sexually derived from the fusion of gametes from two different organisms, such as mules, are considered "hybrids. (frontiersin.org)
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)

First, they extract immature, unfertilised egg cells called oocytes from the ovaries of ewes. (newscientist.com)

He joined the University of Nottingham in 1999 as Professor of Animal Development in the School of Biosciences. (nottingham.ac.uk)

While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)

The proteins arethe "work-horses" of the cells and are responsible for carrying out all the functions of the cell. (faqs.org)

Why was Dolly's arrival such an important breakthrough in cloning? (retroreport.org)

In addition, Dolly's DNA may have come from a stem cell that had not yet matured into an udder cell. (newscientist.com)

This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)
That training will take place while the group waits for legal approval to begin the cloning process. (blogspot.com)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)
The goal of cloning is to take control of the reproductive process. (snexplores.org)
the cloning process was far more complicated than was widely understood. (retroreport.org)

Myth: Clones have exactly the same temperament and personality as the animals from which they were cloned. (pooginook.com)

DNA in the cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas would normally contain that base sequence since the islets are the regions in which insulin is produced in mammals. (faqs.org)

Unlike some movies, cloning in real life doesn't produce a full grown exact replica of someone. (bartleby.com)
They produce clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
That way when these so-called haploid cells come together at fertilization, they produce one cell with the full complement of DNA. (wptv.com)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

Anatomy12

Organisms15

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Embryos15

Sheep37

Megan and M3

19967

World's3

Cows4

Scientists11

Embryo21

Genes4

Humans10

Somatic cells2

19974

Genetic23

Genetics1

Genetically identical to the original1

Embryonic stem4

20021

Wilmut7

Donor8

Nucleus4

Organism5

Therapeutic and reproductive1

Blastocyst2

Reproductive Cloning2

Successfully1

Mammary2

Identical twins1

Species4

Lambs1

Naturally3

Researchers6

Human23

Gene8

Experiments4

Fetus1

Livestock1

SCNT4

Nuclear transfer5

Copies5

Experimentation1

Totipotency1

20211

Diseases4

Reproduce1

Tissue3

Recombinant1

Biologist1

Ethical implications1

Organisms2

Immature1

School of Biosciences1

Wilmut's2

Horses1

Breakthrough1

Udder cell1

Process5

Myth1

Insulin1

Produce4