CarboxylaseSynthaseSynthetaseCoenzymeDehydrataseThioesterasePyruvatePalmitateEnzymesLyaseEnoylSynthesisSubstrateMitochondrialMoleculesAcyltransferaseCondensationEscherichiaACLYFASNOxidationCitratePrecursorAcetateThioesterProceeds viaLigaseHydrolaseCytosolIntermediateGolgiRibosomalInterproscanMembraneGenomeMatrixForm
Carboxylase3
- The resulting acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to yield malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). (encyclopedia.pub)
- Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase. (smpdb.ca)
- We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. (biomed.news)
Synthase3
- Then, Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are coupled to the acyl-carrier protein domain of the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Fatty acid synthase is a multifunctional protein. (thermofisher.com)
- Starting from the N-terminus, these units include β-ketoacyl synthase (KS), acetyl/malonyl transacylase (AT/MT), β-hydroxyacyl dehydratase (DH), enoyl reductase (ER), β-ketoacyl reductase (KR), acyl carrier protein (ACP), and thioesterase (TE). (aging-us.com)
Synthetase2
- Acyl CoA Synthetase: What is it/What does it do? (flashcardmachine.com)
- Nasu, S., Wicks, F.D. and Gholson, R.K. L -Aspartate oxidase, a newly discovered enzyme of Escherichia coli , is the B protein of quinolinate synthetase. (enzyme-database.org)
Coenzyme5
- They are the product of esterification of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−O−H) with a thiol (R'−S−H). In biochemistry, the best-known thioesters are derivatives of coenzyme A, e.g., acetyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
- Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a reactive metabolite that nonproductively hydrolyzes in a number of enzyme active sites in the crystallization time frame. (bvsalud.org)
- To be available for TAG synthesis, carbons from sucrose must first be converted to pyruvate through cytosolic or plastidic glycolytic pathways and at some point be imported into the plastid to yield acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) which feeds fatty acid (FA) synthesis with carbon backbones. (biomedcentral.com)
- The basic skeleton of pinosylvin is composed of a B ring from a trans -cinnamoyl coenzyme A ( trans -cinnamoyl-CoA) and an A ring formed by the cyclization of three malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. (biomed.news)
Dehydratase1
- 3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl carrier protein] dehydratase (EC 4.2.1. (lbl.gov)
Thioesterase2
- Both saturated and unsaturated FAs are released from acyl-ACP by acyl-ACP thioesterase (FAT) [ 10 ] and exported to cytosol. (researchsquare.com)
- SYP7 group Qc-type SNARE protein","protein_coding" "MA_10436714g0010","No alias","Picea abies","acyl-CoA thioesterase","protein_coding" "MA_135972g0010","No alias","Picea abies","Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)
Pyruvate1
- protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Palmitate2
- Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH, into long-chain saturated fatty acids. (thermofisher.com)
- Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. (biomed.news)
Enzymes3
- More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. (researchsquare.com)
- Fatty acid and polyketide biosynthetic enzymes exploit the reactivity of acyl- and malonyl-thioesters for catalysis. (bvsalud.org)
- protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Lyase1
- Initially, citrate is converted to acetyl-CoA by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). (encyclopedia.pub)
Enoyl1
- Then, 3-ketoacyl-CoA is reduced and dehydrated to produce trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which is finally reduced to form the elongated acyl-CoA. (encyclopedia.pub)
Synthesis1
- Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA. (biomed.news)
Substrate4
- This study determines the substrate tolerance of the AH PedC for a range of acyl-ACPs. (worktribe.com)
- Clear preference towards short, linear acyl-ACPs is shown, with acetyl-ACP the best substrate. (worktribe.com)
- In order to elucidate the enzyme-acetyl-CoA interactions leading to catalysis, acetyl-CoA substrate analogs are needed. (bvsalud.org)
- LysR substrate binding domain, Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Mitochondrial3
- How do Fatty Acyl-CoA's pass the mitochondrial intermembrane space? (flashcardmachine.com)
- subunit alpha of MPP mitochondrial signal peptidase heterodimer","protein_coding" "Zm00001e017599_P001","No alias","Zea mays","Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)
- CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of the mitochondrial citrate carrier showed that CIC is required for biochemical differentiation of trophoblasts. (biomed.news)
Molecules2
- In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). (hmdb.ca)
- Although lipids are a distinct class of biomolecules, we shall see that they often occur combined, either covalently or through weak bonds, with members of other classes of bio-molecules to yield hybrid molecules such as glycolipids , which contain both carbohydrate and lipid groups, "and lipoproteins , which contain both lipids and proteins. (medmuv.com)
Acyltransferase1
- FabH performs an acyltransferase reaction with acetyl-CoA to generate an acetyl-S-FabH acyl-enzyme intermediate and subsequent decarboxylative Claisen-condensation with a malonyl-thioester carried by an acyl carrier protein (ACP). (bvsalud.org)
Condensation1
- ELOVLs are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and catalyze FA elongation via the condensation of a malonyl-CoA to an acyl-CoA molecule to yield 3-ketoacyl-CoA, which is the first rate limiting step in the elongation cycle of FAs [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Escherichia5
- The codon table used was the FreqB table from " Design Parameters to Control Synthetic Gene Expression in Escherichia coli ", which was used because it was shown to express proteins well and was recommended to us by JCVI. (freegenes.org)
- protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74888","manY","Escherichia coli","mannose-specific enzyme IIC component of PTS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC73960","hcp","Escherichia coli","hybrid-cluster [4Fe-2S-2O] subunit of anaerobic terminal reductases [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74319","hns","Escherichia coli","global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
ACLY1
- Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. (biomed.news)
FASN3
- The human FASN protein is composed of six catalytic units. (aging-us.com)
- Additionally, several features (e.g., gene expression, survival prognosis, genetic alteration, DNA methylation, protein phosphorylation, immune cells, or relevant cellular pathways) were gathered to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of FASN in the tumorigenesis of cancers. (aging-us.com)
- Further, the "HomoloGene" function of the NCBI was used to conduct conserved functional domain analysis of the FASN protein in different species. (aging-us.com)
Oxidation1
- Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be used for oxidation through the tricarboxylic cycle to produce ATP and CO(2). (smpdb.ca)
Citrate1
- The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. (easyomics.org)
Precursor1
- In this study, we confirmed that both GrmH and GrmL, which were shown to constitute a protein complex by a co-purification experiment, were required to catalyze the dehydration, epimerization, and proteolytic cleavage of a precursor peptide GrmA by in vivo experiments. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Acetate1
- Acetyl-CoA is the acyl-CoA of acetic acid (also known as acetate). (amboss.com)
Thioester1
- One possible analog for use in structural studies is acetyl-oxa(dethia)CoA (AcOCoA), in which the thioester S atom of CoA is replaced by an O atom. (bvsalud.org)
Proceeds via1
- Acetogenesis proceeds via the formation of acetyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
Ligase1
- The expression of Ptr4CL4 drastically improved the production of pinosylvin (42.5 ± 1.1 mg/L), achieving values 15.7-fold higher than that of Ptr4CL5 (another 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase from Populus trichocarpa ) in the absence of cerulenin. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrolase1
- Acyl hydrolase (AH) domains are a common feature of trans-AT PKSs. (worktribe.com)
Cytosol1
- Matrix proteins in the cytosol are recognized by peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) and transported to the docking complex at the peroxisomal membrane. (genome.jp)
Intermediate1
- One FabH structure contains a hydrolyzed AcOCoA product oxa(dethia)CoA (OCoA), while the other FabH structure contains an acyl-enzyme intermediate with OCoA. (bvsalud.org)
Golgi1
- Nukleus - replikasi DNA, transkripsi, produksi RNA Lisosom - Digesti enzimatik senyawa dalam sel (protein, lemak dll) Apparatus Golgi - modifikasi "Post translational" (modifikasi kimia) membran dan protein, pembentukan membran plasma dan alat pengeluaran. (studylibid.com)
Ribosomal2
- Ribosomal protein S20 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Ribosomal protein L35 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Interproscan8
- Protein of unknown function (DUF520) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Bor protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Protein of unknown function (DUF1158) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Protein of unknown function (DUF2526) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Protein of unknown function (DUF441) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- YebO-like protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Protein of unknown function (DUF2511) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Copper resistance protein D [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Membrane1
- The import of membrane proteins into peroxisomes needs PEX19 for recognition, targeting and insertion via docking at PEX3. (genome.jp)
Genome1
- There are many possible applications for these genes: you could try to recreate essential gene pathways in-vitro, or purify the proteins for functional studies, or create a synthetic MoClo-compatible Bacillus subtilis genome using these genes and the sgRNAs available from the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center. (freegenes.org)
Matrix1
- What happens if you lack the proteins to transport Acyl-Coa into the matrix? (flashcardmachine.com)
Form1
- Even if amino acids are biologically present in a place, no protein can form spontaneously. (questionsonislam.com)