• A pair of studies presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2019 demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes with two different chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for patients with advanced solid tumors. (aacr.org)
  • Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are fusion molecules that couple the HLA- independent binding of a selected cell surface target antigen to the delivery of a tailored T-cell activating signal. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
  • One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
  • ATLANTA - A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy that targets the protein mesothelin showed no evidence of major toxicity and had antitumor activity in patients with malignant pleural disease from mesothelioma, according to results from a phase I clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2019, March 29-April 3. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor design. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Given the success of CAR T-cell therapies for blood cancers, the most anticipated next step in the field is the development of this type of immunotherapy for solid tumors. (aacr.org)
  • Developing CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors, however, has been challenging, and researchers in the field have had several failed attempts. (aacr.org)
  • This recent review article summarizes the challenges with developing CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors and strategies to overcome the hurdles, and lists some of the ongoing clinical trials in which CAR T cells that target tumor antigens, including GD2, CEA, and EGFR, are being currently tested against a variety of solid tumors. (aacr.org)
  • Data presented here at the conference have demonstrated that it is possible to develop CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors that are not only safe but also yield clinical benefit for patients. (aacr.org)
  • If this approach is successful, 2 million patients with mesothelin-expressing solid tumors per year in the United States will be eligible for this treatment," said Prasad S. Adusumilli, MD , who presented the study. (aacr.org)
  • This article in Cancer Discovery reviews the types of solid tumors that express mesothelin, and the potential of mesothelin-directed CAR T-cell therapy to treat such malignancies. (aacr.org)
  • These 2 theranostic approaches, as well as the therapy of osseous metastases of prostate cancer with 223 Ra ( 4 , 9 , 10 ), have unequivocally demonstrated that radionuclide therapy can be applied not only to thyroid cancer but also to other solid tumors. (snmjournals.org)
  • Patients with advanced-stage solid tumors, such as mesothelioma, and lung and breast cancers, that are metastatic to the chest cavity have poor outcomes despite treatment," said Prasad S. Adusumilli, MD, deputy chief of thoracic surgery at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). (healthmedicinet.com)
  • however, results have been disappointing to date for solid tumors. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Perspectives of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment in solid tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These include the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), TIGIT, and B-and T-lymphocyte-associated protein (BTLA) receptors associated with T cell exhaustion and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a receptor found on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the pediatric group, MB is the most common malignant brain tumor, but accounts for less than 1% of all adult intracranial tumors,[ 11 5 ] with an annual incidence of approximately only 0.5 per million individuals. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) was one of the most common malignant tumors in the clinic, with high morbidity and mortality, accounting for about 80 % of the total number of lung cancer in China. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A consistent increase in a tumor marker value, combined with lack of clinical improvement, may indicate treatment failure. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and trophoblastic neoplasms are gynecologic malignancies for which tumor markers are in clinical use. (medscape.com)
  • No tumor markers with high sensitivity and high specificity for endometrial cancer are known at present, although CA-125 is often used in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • SCC antigen is useful in the clinical management of advanced cervical cancer. (medscape.com)
  • However, the serum levels are raised in some types of cancer, which means that it can be used as a tumor marker in clinical tests. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fig. 4: A lower level of CAR-mediated TROG-antigen expression was associated with improved clinical response to CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • In a phase I clinical trial , a team of researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center tested whether mesothelin-directed CAR T cells that they developed would be safe and effective in patients with malignant pleural disease from mesothelioma and lung and breast cancer. (aacr.org)
  • Our understanding of the immune system stems, in great part, from studying the host response to infection, which in most individuals leads to the absence of clinical disease and establishment of highly apt immunological memory. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic infections, particularly those which are primarily characterized by an asymptomatic intracellular life cycle, e.g., latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, present a unique premise to decipher the fine balance between protective host immune responses, immunopathology and full-fledged clinical disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nevertheless, while a chronic host immune response driven by pathogens may be protective against clinical disease, it may also elevate the risk of inflammation-induced dysplasia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent clinical evidence suggests that high serum levels of the tumor‑produced mucin 16 (MUC16) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) have a negative impact on the effectiveness of RTX clinical activity in up to 40% of patients with follicular lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The entire scalp, facial skin and the skin of the neck including tumors were contoured as clinical target volume (CTV). (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • The studies related to tumor biological and clinical features in adults are limited due to the low incidence of the disease in this age group. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Outcomes for patients with melanoma have improved over the past decade with the clinical development and approval of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, benign phyllodes tumors on clinical, radiological, and cytological examination are often indistinguishable from fibroadenomas and can be cured by local surgery. (hindawi.com)
  • Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 were abnormally highly expressed in non-Small cell lung cancer patients, which are useful for clinical diagnosing, treatment planning, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Whether in the early diagnosis of tumor, in the monitoring of metastasis and recurrence or in the evaluation of efficacy and prognosis, tumor markers were very important clinical reference indicators[ 4 , 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Compared with the clinical monitoring techniques of Computed tomography (CT), Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT), and specific biomarkers, the detection of serum tumor markers was more simple, rapid and less invasive and has important clinical application value[ 6 - 9 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The major clinical, histopathologic, and phenotypic aspects of the disease and diagnostic criteria and data suggesting a plasmacytoid dendritic cell origin for the tumor cells are provided. (medscape.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • On the other hand, human immunity against tumor is mainly performed by the cell immune function in the body. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunodeficiencies are genetic diseases known to predispose an individual to cancer owing to defective immunity towards malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, despite its prevalence in FL and other cancers, the role of CA125 in tumor biology and immunity has been only recently elucidated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Geng et al suggested that APOE modulated immune response by inhibiting antigen-activated lymphocytes [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • In general, two distinct forms are recognized-an epitheliotropic form (in which there is infiltration by malignant lymphocytes into the epidermis and adnexa) and a nodular, nonepitheliotropic form. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The various tumor markers differ in their usefulness for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, assessing therapeutic response, and detecting recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • Meanwhile, PTC patients with lymph node metastasis have significantly higher tumor recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality rates than those without metastasis [ 5 , 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of common genetic variants among eight immunodeficiency pathway-related genes on disease recurrence in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we first conducted a genetic analysis to evaluate the effects of common variants among eight immunodeficiency pathway-related genes on disease recurrence in 458 patients with prostate cancer after receiving radical prostatectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor in these nodes portends a high risk of recurrence. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Accurate preoperative pathological diagnosis allows correct surgical planning and avoidance of reoperation, either to achieve wider excision or for subsequent tumor recurrence [ 8 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been suggested that, in a proportion of fibroadenomas, a somatic mutation can result in a monoclonal proliferation, histologically indistinguishable from the polyclonal element, but with a propensity to local recurrence and progression to a phyllodes tumor which has also been supported by clonal analysis. (hindawi.com)
  • Many studies showed that the carcinoem-bryonic antigen (CEA) and human cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) has a high value in predicting tumor recurrence and judging the prognosis of patients[ 2 , 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
  • Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy, such as lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as have several potential target oncogenes for molecularly targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may also be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are typically produced by tumor cells, but in some cases they may be produced by the body in response to malignancy or to certain benign conditions. (medscape.com)
  • In adults, CEA is primarily expressed in cells of tumors (some malignant, some benign) but they are particularly associated with the adenocarcinomas, such as those arising in the colon, lung, breast, stomach, or pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • This phenomenon could be offset by a dual-CAR system incorporating both an activating CAR against the cognate tumor antigen and an NK self-recognizing inhibitory CAR that transferred a 'don't kill me' signal to NK cells upon engagement with their TROG + siblings. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: CAR19-mediated trogocytosis in NK cells cocultured with CD19 + tumor targets. (nature.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Concerning cancer etiology, it is widely held that the antigen structure of the tumor cells is the place where carcinogen works. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • However, it is certain that the antigen related to tumors is composed of cells and the product of cell metabolism, the affected cell membrane contains some antigens that do not possess strictly formulated particular embryos. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • During the embryonic period, the genes in the chromosomes of cells are very active, producing many types of antigens. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • 3. The anti-tumor mechanism of the human body is mainly performed by the immune function of the cells. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • Challenges include finding the right target to direct the T cells, the ability to expand in an often-immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, yielding an effective antitumor response, and avoiding adverse side effects. (aacr.org)
  • The team also worked to deliver the CAR T cells directly to the tumor site using regional delivery techniques. (aacr.org)
  • Using an interventional radiology procedure, the investigators injected IcasM28z CAR T cells directly into the pleural cavity in 21 patients with malignant pleural disease (19 with malignant pleural mesothelioma, one with metastatic lung cancer, and one with metastatic breast cancer). (aacr.org)
  • However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
  • Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • APOE level was significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic) and immune biomarkers in PTC. (jcancer.org)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for T RM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting T RM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These molecules are delivered to patient T-cells using retroviral gene-transfer, thereby stably re-directing their specificity for antigen. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Results: Studies to date have shown that human T-cells engineered to express cMet CARs can destroy mesothelioma tumour cell monolayers, accompanied by T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Conclusions: These findings demonstrate proof of concept for the utility of CAR engineered T-cells to recognise and destroy cMet-expressing MPM tumour cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Although overt inflammatory responses play a major role in malignant transformation of host cells following an infection, it is a disbalanced immune responses, which contribute to drive malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)
  • The immune system plays a key role in surveillance against cancer, but some tumour cells evolve to escape immune elimination [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD20 is a B-cell-specific antigen expressed on malignant FL cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These changes are thought to lead to tumor-microenvironment interactions via factors secreted by stromal or epithelial cells in response to lymphoma cell-produced cytokines ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • John Cunningham polyomavirus (JC Virus) T-antigen was identified in MB cells, suggesting a role of this viral infection in tumor physiopathology. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
  • The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
  • CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
  • The novelty of our study is that the CAR T cells target the cancer cell-surface protein, mesothelin, which is expressed on the majority of cancer cells, and they are delivered directly to the tumor site using regional delivery techniques," Adusumilli said. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • CAR T cells were found to be persistent in the peripheral blood of 13 patients during the 38-week evaluation, and their presence was associated with more than 50 percent decrease in the levels of a mesothelin-related peptide in the blood and evidence of tumor regression on imaging studies. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • In preclinical studies, the researchers found that in large tumors, the CAR T cells became functionally exhausted even while residing in the tumor. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Treatment with anti-PD-1 agents could reactivate the exhausted CAR T cells and eradicate the tumors in a proportion of mice. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are produced from the patient's T cells which are extracted from the tumor and grown in a cell culture system with the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, the progenitor cells consist of T cells isolated from resected tumor tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This process theoretically provides a line of T cells with greater tumor specificity than those obtained from the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)
  • It was suggested initially that the disease originates from NK cells. (medscape.com)
  • In this disorder, certain cells in the prostate become abnormal, multiply without control or order, and form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For this reason, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins are considered to be tumor suppressors, which means that they help keep cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Over the last few decades, the treatment of hematological malignancies has gained tremendous headway, but these diseases still have high morbidity and mortality [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • With the ability of the mAbs to demonstrate therapeutic antitumor activity in those patients with relatively advanced malignancies, the term tumor specific was introduced. (jcancer.org)
  • Mabs capable of targeting the malignancies noted above were produced following immunization of BALBc mice with the Tumor Specific Antigens. (jcancer.org)
  • It is required by FDA that the potential effects of tumor control and toxicity be defined using the naked antibodies produced under GMP conditions, In those situations where patients with recurrent malignancies are to be studied we have come to realize that a number of factors can influence the response to monoclonal therapy. (jcancer.org)
  • In recent years, however, theranostics has been successfully applied to a whole range of other malignancies, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and prostate cancer in particular. (snmjournals.org)
  • Serum from individuals with colorectal carcinoma often has higher levels of CEA than healthy individuals (above approximately 2.5 µg/L). CEA measurement is mainly used as a tumor marker to monitor colorectal carcinoma treatment, to identify recurrences after surgical resection, for staging or to localize cancer spread through measurement of biological fluids. (wikipedia.org)
  • They will drop off from the cell membrane, as a kind of dissolvable antigen, to be dissolved into the serum, being of sugar protein and mucoglobulin in nature. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • This includes the amount of shed antigen in the serum at the time of treatment that could initiate immune complex formation as well as the shedding of inhibitory material into the serum possibly effecting an immune response. (jcancer.org)
  • Previous studies have established CA125 as a tumor-microenvironment factor that can be detected and found elevated (above normal 35 U/ml levels) in the serum of up to 40% of FL patients and other NHL patients. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • High serum level of CA125 is used as an indicator of tumor abdominal involvement, advanced staging, relapse rates and survival in NHL patients ( 8 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For example, the serum CA-125 is elevated in 1% of normal healthy women, 3% of normal healthy women with benign ovarian diseases, 6% of patients with non-neoplastic conditions ( endometriosis , uterine fibrosis, acute salpingitis, hepatic diseases and inflammation of the peritoneum or pericardium). (mrlabtest.com)
  • CA242 is a sialylated carbohydrate antigen that can be recognized by CA242 monoclonal antibody.It is a mucin-type glycoprotein that is low in the serum of healthy people and patients with benign diseases. (xhfhj.com)
  • The levels of serum tumor markers were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Accessing these different features is essential to better plan the treatment as well as inform the patient regarding the disease and its prognosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Because of its high malignant degree and poor prognosis, NSCLC was a difficult problem for scientists[ 1 - 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. (wjgnet.com)
  • Radical prostatectomy is a common treatment for localised prostate cancer with intermediate or high risk of disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CA 125 correlates with disease progression or regression in 80% to 90% of cases. (mrlabtest.com)
  • PSA testing not only helps identify men in whom a prostate biopsy would be appropriate but also assists in assessing the response to therapy, determining tumor progression, and, in its most controversial role, screening for prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Of course we refer models were trained using 63 SRBCT ment or disease progression. (lu.se)
  • Tumor markers are soluble glycoproteins that are found in the blood, urine, or tissues of patients with certain types of cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor markers are not elevated in all cancer patients, particularly patients with early-stage cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Because pathologic diagnosis of ovarian cancer is difficult without laparotomy, tumor markers such as CA-125, in addition to diagnostic imaging, are useful in preoperative evaluation for ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. (wjgnet.com)
  • This article presents a study on the unique effect of qigong in helping patients survive some difficult diseases, especially a study over the anti-tumor mechanism of qigong on the basis of a selection of 104 cases of different cancer patients, e.g. esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of breast, etc. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • As the most common endocrine tumor, PTC has a tendency to occur lymph node metastasis in the early stages of cancer, and 20%-30% of PTC patients already have cancerous lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Sakashita K et al investigated the relationship between APOE and gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, and APOE overexpression in gastric cancer tissues exhibited stronger malignant invasiveness compared to cancer tissues with low APOE expression [ 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable cancer predominantly induced by asbestos exposure. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Monoclonals that we were able to develop from tumor specific proteins derived from colon and pancreas cancer were found capable of targeting those tumors to induce apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • In cancer, the development of blood vessels can feed tumors and allow them to grow, and drugs that block angiogenesis are being tested as cancer treatment. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Since the pioneering use of 131 I in differentiated thyroid cancer in the 1940s, remarkable achievements in nuclear medicine endoradiotherapy have been demonstrated, mainly in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms by using 177 Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs or in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer using prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed radionuclide therapy. (snmjournals.org)
  • More recently, the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been established as a theranostic target for prostate cancer. (snmjournals.org)
  • High concentrations of CA 125 antigen are associated with ovarian cancer and other malignant disease (pancreatic, lung, cervical, etc. (mrlabtest.com)
  • If the rate CA-125/CEA is high (over 25) there is a high probability to be a malignant ovarian cancer . (mrlabtest.com)
  • The CA-125 antigen level is very high and a severe increase is usually a sign of ovarian cancer . (mrlabtest.com)
  • If the high level is due to an ovarian cancer the concentration of CA 125 correlates with tumor size and staging. (mrlabtest.com)
  • SCC antigen is a tumor marker for cervical, vaginal, lung, brain a nd esophageal cancer. (xhfhj.com)
  • See Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Staging , a Critical Images slideshow, to help determine the best diagnostic approach for this potentially deadly disease. (medscape.com)
  • Also, see the Advanced Prostate Cancer: Signs of Metastatic Disease slideshow for help identifying the signs of metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Before the PSA era, an abnormality in the prostate had to be palpably evident before a biopsy would be performed, and nearly 70% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer already had extraprostatic or metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Prostate cancer is a common disease that affects men, usually in middle age or later. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Early-stage prostate cancer can usually be treated successfully, and some older men have prostate tumors that grow so slowly that they may never cause health problems during their lifetime, even without treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The signs and symptoms of metastatic cancer depend on where the disease has spread. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the United States, African Americans have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than do men of other ethnic backgrounds, and they also have a higher risk of dying from the disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • 1991. Promotion of mouse lung tumors by bioaccumulated polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. (cdc.gov)
  • She was submitted for posterior fossa craniotomy and microsurgical resection of cerebellar tumor and then to 18 Gy adjuvant radiotherapy to the tumor bed and 23 Gy to the neuroaxis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Although surgery, combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be used in disease management, median survival from diagnosis is less than 12 months. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The value of FNAC in diagnosis of phyllodes tumour remains controversial, but core needle biopsy has high sensitivity and negative predictive value. (hindawi.com)
  • The preoperative diagnosis and proper management are crucial in phyllodes tumours because of their tendency to recur and malignant potential in some of these tumours. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumors include Ewing sarcoma (EWS), neu- while Ewing sarcomas are aggres- roblastoma (NB), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Burkitt lym- rently used in tumor diagnosis do sive enough to warrant treatment phomas (BL, subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma). (lu.se)
  • Cutaneous lymphosarcoma may occur as a disease in which the skin is the initial and primary site of involvement, or it may be secondary to systemic, internal disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • It has also been postulated that stromal induction of phyllodes tumors can occur as a result of growth factors produced by the breast epithelium. (hindawi.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
  • This includes the early recognition of these immunogenic membrane proteins that can serve as diagnostic markers, and the targeting of such markers for the destruction of the tumor, primarily thru ADCC. (jcancer.org)
  • The monoclonals (mAbs) that we have developed against specific immunogenic tumor membrane proteins have been studied in detail. (jcancer.org)
  • These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)
  • Normalization of tumor marker values may indicate cure despite radiographic evidence of persistent disease. (medscape.com)
  • Sometimes, tumor marker values may rise after effective treatment (due to cell lysis), but the increase may not portend treatment failure. (medscape.com)
  • The usefulness of a tumor marker is in its sensitivity and specificity, as well as its influence on patient management decisions. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, beta-hCG serves as an ideal tumor marker for monitoring gestational trophoblastic disease and has set the standard with which other assays must be compared. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha fetoprotein, a tumor marker. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • CA 125 is commonly used as a tumor marker. (mrlabtest.com)
  • The second advantage of this approach is in diminishing the potential toxicity risks associate with "on target, off tumour" toxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
  • Nonmesotheliomatous cancers of the pleura include an assortment of malignant neoplasms that primarily or secondarily involve pleura. (medscape.com)
  • In the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid malignant neoplasms, the diagnostic entity termed blastic NK-cell tumors has been proposed for tumors satisfying the diagnostic criteria for CD4/CD56 HN. (medscape.com)
  • However, it can be elevated also in benign diseases. (mrlabtest.com)
  • A moderate CA 125 increase may be due to malignant tumors and in some cases due to benign diseases. (mrlabtest.com)
  • It may be also high in some benign diseases. (mrlabtest.com)
  • Beta-hCG and alpha-fetoprotein have proved to be useful markers for ovarian germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • This system prevented trogocytic antigen-mediated fratricide, while sparing activating CAR signaling against the tumor antigen, and resulted in enhanced CAR-NK cell activity. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Impact of antigen-induced self-engagement on CAR-NK effector cell phenotype and function. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Impact of TROG-antigen acquisition on CAR-NK cell phenotype and function in vivo. (nature.com)
  • CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape. (nature.com)
  • It may change the metabolism in the body, accelerate cell generation, activate the vital energy in the body, and obtain a cure of the disease. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies in infectious disease models have provided a wealth of information regarding memory CD8 T cell generation and localization. (frontiersin.org)
  • reticulum cell sarcomas, cutaneous nodular amyloidosis) are relatively common cutaneous tumors. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Mild to moderately abnormal cell when viewed under the microscope, not malignant. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • The present study demonstrated that CA125 could bind to RTX and reduce its tumor cell killing activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Treatment for FL includes successive lines of therapy that unfortunately result in progressively shorter periods of disease-free survival followed by the development of either chemo-refractory disease, large cell transformation or death from treatment-related toxicities ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 1 The malignant cell is derived from a post-thymic T-cell that typically bears a CD4+ helper/memory antigen profile. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
  • Binding of a tumor antigen via the scFv activates the T cell in a major histocompatibility-independent manner which leads to a cytotoxic response [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
  • The authors used artificial neural croarrays is to study changes in gene ex- .nature organ the tumor arose from, how big it networks (ANNs) to identify gene-ex- pression that accompany changes in is, and what it looks like after it has pression signatures associated with spe- cell physiology, such as during develop- been imbedded in wax and colored cific subtypes of tumors. (lu.se)
  • 0 blue-cell tumors (SRBCTs), which type, 41 (including 7 expressed often masquerade as each other. (lu.se)
  • Carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: a comparative study based on 221 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. (cancercentrum.se)
  • 3 A total dose of 15 Gy in 10 fractions with a low dose per fraction was chosen due to high tumor radiosensitivity and to minimize acute and late side effects. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • CEA is elevated more in tumors with lymph node and distant metastasis than in organ-confined tumors and, thus, varies directly with tumor stage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after successful surgical removal of the tumor and can be used in follow up, especially of colorectal cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the advancements in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, most prostate cancers are detected at the regional stages (clinically localised disease). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumors that begin at one site and then spread to other areas of the body are called metastatic cancers . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Arlen M, Arlen P, Tsang A, Wang X, Gupta R. The Therapeutic Value of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Immunogenic Tumor Glycoproteins. (jcancer.org)
  • The majority of phyllodes tumors have been described as benign (35% to 64%), with the remainder divided between the borderline and malignant subtypes. (hindawi.com)
  • However, malignant SFTs, which comprise 10%-15% of SFTs, not only aggressively infiltrate adjacent structures but are also capable of metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
  • At one extreme, malignant phyllodes tumors, if inadequately treated, have a propensity for rapid growth and metastatic spread. (hindawi.com)
  • In this dissertation, the goal was to enhance our knowledge on how new recombinant antibodies might be tailored to optimize localization to experimental tumors in mice. (projectsparadise.com)
  • Low-grade tumors may recur and infiltrate adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • They can infiltrate into tumors and are found in most tumor sites. (iiarjournals.org)
  • the disease caused by the cognate cel s from human cord blood. (who.int)
  • Thereby, several antigens can be targeted at once and the therapy can be adapted in case antigen-loss tumor variants appear. (nature.com)
  • Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft-tissue neoplasm that most commonly affects the extremities near to, but not in continuity with, large joints. (medscape.com)
  • A benign tumor made up of glandular tissue. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Some cancerous tumors can invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Patients with GBC had significantly shorter median disease-free survival (DFS), 10 months (95% CI 3-17 months) compared 17 months (95% CI 15-19 months) for patients with pCCA (p = 0.010). (bvsalud.org)
  • Adults diagnosed with malignant brain tumors have a median survival of approximately 15 months, regardless of currently available treatments which include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. (labroots.com)
  • The median tumour size is 4 cm but can grow even larger having dilated veins and a blue discoloration over skin. (hindawi.com)
  • Engineered antibodies such as single-chain Fv antibodies (sFvs) or bispecific antibodies have been used for targeting and therapy of CEA expressing tumors both in vitro and in vivo with promising results Regions of high CEA levels in the body can be detected with the monoclonal antibody arcitumomab. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment for these tumors targets local control using localized techniques described above. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Molecular alterations in malignant disease result in the expression or upregulations of various targets that can be used for imaging and treatment with radiopharmaceuticals. (snmjournals.org)
  • Current research in theranostics is addressing new targets but-equally important-the optimization of radiopharmaceutical doses and dose schedules, investigation of combination therapies, and treatment at earlier tumor stages. (snmjournals.org)
  • Tavazoie et al pointed out that APOE may be involved in lymphocyte-mediated immune regulation, and that overexpression of APOE accelerated the biological processes of various malignant tumors [ 7 , 8 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • It was believed to be benign until 1943, when Cooper and Ackerman reported on the malignant biological potential of this tumor. (hindawi.com)
  • The intricate interplay between the immune system and microbes is an essential part of the physiological homeostasis in health and disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To improve treatment outcomes in patients with Klatskin tumor and obstructive jaundice by using of endoscopic bilioduodenal stenting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Endoscopic bilioduodenal stenting was performed in 250 patients including 25 (10%) ones with Klatskin tumor. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5 (20%) patients with Klatskin tumor type II received self-expanding stents. (bvsalud.org)
  • In case of tumor type IIIA, 3 (12%) patients underwent stenting of the right lobar duct with plastic stent. (bvsalud.org)
  • Four (16%) patients with Klatskin tumor type III B underwent stenting of the left lobar duct. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two 2 (8%) patients with Klatskin tumor type IV underwent bilateral bilioduodenal stenting with plastic and bifurcation self-expanding stents. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: Bilioduodenal stenting as minimally invasive and physiological method was highly effective for obstructive jaundice in patients with Klatskin tumor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Peroral cholangioscopy using the SpyGlass system provides effective and safe direct visualization of the biliary tract, as well as biopsy for morphological verification and prescription of chemotherapy in patients with intraductal growth of tumor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared to patients with pCCA, GBC patients were older, with advanced tumors and shorter DFS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, understanding the pathological mechanisms and identification of potent prognostic biomarkers for BCR are needed to identify patients at high-risk of disease development and guide treatment decisions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This strategy includes the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab (RTX), alone or in combination with chemotherapy for patients who have advanced-stage disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As such we plan to eventually employ the therapeutic mAbs in combination with chemotherapy as a means of enhancing the immunogenicity of the tumor system being treated and to possibly weaken the malignant growth for easier destruction by the mAb. (jcancer.org)
  • The ability of a tumor to resist chemotherapy treatment following an initial response. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • Men are often diagnosed as the result of health screenings, such as a blood test for a substance called prostate specific antigen (PSA) or a medical exam called a digital rectal exam (DRE). (medlineplus.gov)
  • For tumors resistant to radiation and for those animals unable to receive radiation therapy, systemic treatment with administration of chemotherapeutic agents, including melphalan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, and glucocorticoids, have been recommended and have yielded long-term survival. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Secondary outcomes were disease-free survival and postoperative complications. (bvsalud.org)
  • We and others have shown that this diet enhances survival in a mouse model of malignant brain tumors when used alone, and we have shown that the KD potentiates the antitumor activity of both temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation. (labroots.com)
  • The benefit of dual checkpoint blockade with anti CTLA-4 and anti PD-1 inhibitor over monotherapy with a CTLA-4 inhibitor has been shown, with durable disease control and improved overall survival (OS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many new tumor markers have been discovered since the development of monoclonal antibodies, and most tumor markers are now detected with them. (medscape.com)
  • This case illustrates the diagnostic workup and treatment of a rare tumor in adults showing the importance of molecular and histological studies for the treatment and counseling of the patient. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • This aggressive tumour commonly presents at an advanced stage of disease. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 1. Both the etiology and inducing mechanism of tumor are still under study at the present time. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • At present time, the exact etiology of phyllodes tumor and its relationship with fibroadenoma are unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • They make up 0.3 to 0.5% of female breast tumors [ 1 ] and have an incidence of about 2.1 per million, the peak of which occurs in women aged 45 to 49 years [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)