• Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, a polyclonal proliferation of lymphocytes is due to division of millions of different B and T cells, each containing a different set of gene rearrangements. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that KSHV infection can alter central carbon metabolic pathways to produce biomass for viral replication, as well as the survival and proliferation of infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer cells often rewire metabolic pathways to balance ATP production for supporting rapidly tumor proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • For producing energy sufficient to maintain cancer cell proliferation, glutaminolysis is also often elevated in most of cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is essential to generate energy required for cell proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
  • However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, transcript profiling of B16F0 exosomes and cells suggested that exosomal mRNA is enriched for mRNAs that target immune-related pathways, including Ptpn11 that inhibited T cell proliferation and Dnmt3a that inhibited T cell production of IFN-gamma. (bmj.com)
  • Functionally, B16F0 exosomes dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and the expression of IL12RB2 in primary CD8+ T cells. (bmj.com)
  • In contrast, Cloudman S91 exosomes promoted T cell proliferation and Melan-A exosomes had a negligible effect on primary CD8+ T cells. (bmj.com)
  • BCR is important for the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of B cells [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using KIT-mutant GIST cell lines, these investigators showed that a small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor (NVPAEW541) reduced cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • TGF-β1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors 7,8,9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • T lymphocytes (T cells) are responsible for distinguishing between foreign and self-antigens, and thus for the initiation of the complex immune response that rids the body of pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • T lymphocytes recognize and respond to foreign antigens by means of specific T cell receptors (TcR). (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Sometimes T cell clonality can be inferred when the lymphocytes express a predominance of CD4 or CD8 antigens. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Lymphocytes do not show histologic atypia to suggest malignant transformation. (medscape.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • In general, two distinct forms are recognized-an epitheliotropic form (in which there is infiltration by malignant lymphocytes into the epidermis and adnexa) and a nodular, nonepitheliotropic form. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The research labs of Dr. Uta Höpken and Dr. Armin Rehm at the Max Delbrück Center have developed a novel approach to CAR-T cell therapy for B non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, a type of lymph node cancer that originates from B lymphocytes. (charite.de)
  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts modulate the microenvironment of malignant tumors by secreting factors that regulate both malignant cells and nonmalignant cells such as immune and endothelial cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • First, via its peptidase activity, FAP leads to matrix digestion and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, enabling invasion and migration of tumor cells ( 9 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Collectively, the results are consistent with somatic editing of exosomal payloads and suggest that exosomes establish a density-dependent field effect by altering the activity of immune cells that enter the tumor microenvironment. (bmj.com)
  • However, there are conflicting results whether exposure to anti-IgM in vitro promotes or suppresses apoptosis in CLL cells [ 6 ] and other signals provided by the tumor microenvironment likely determines the outcome [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)
  • However, the tumour may evade immune responses through regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment, defective antigen presentation, and production of immunosuppressive cytokines (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
  • What makes this approach promising and highly innovative is that it therapeutically addresses both the tumor cell and its supporting microenvironment. (charite.de)
  • Nevertheless, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting hematological malignancies because of tumor histopathological characteristics, shortage of specific antigens and local strong immunosuppressive microenvironment [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • More recently, the successes in the treatment of the notoriously refractory malignant melanoma via the targeting of a specific BRAF mutation and via immune activation represent an unprecedented achievement of this new therapeutic direction. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Examples of early developmental markers high in ESCs include β-galactoside-binding lectin, undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor-1, DNA cytosine methyltransferase 3β isoform-B, melanoma antigen family-A4, and interferon-induced transmembrane protein-1. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), a humanized monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody, is the first anti-PD-1 antibody approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer [ 4 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor in human adults. (molvis.org)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human oncogenic herpesvirus, is tightly associated with several human malignancies by infecting B-lymphocyte or endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • KSHV is tightly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and two B-cell lymphomas including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) by infecting B-lymphocyte and endothelial cells, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • PDF) Kraan J, van den Broek P, Verhoef C, Grunhagen DJ, Taal W, Gratama JW, Sleijfer SEndothelial CD276 (B7-H3) expression is increased in human malignancies and distinguishes between normal and tumour-derived circulating endothelial cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage. (researchgate.net)
  • Results: No difference in antigen expression between normal and malignant endothelial cells (ECs) was found for CD54, CD109, CD137, CD141, CD144 and CXCR7. (researchgate.net)
  • Mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage. (researchgate.net)
  • ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)
  • To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
  • Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has gained unprecedented success among hematologic tumors [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • FAPI-04 represents a promising tracer for both diagnostic imaging and, possibly, targeted therapy of malignant tumors with a high content of activated fibroblasts, such as breast cancer. (snmjournals.org)
  • Adrenocortical tumors encompass a spectrum of diseases with often seamless transition from benign (adenoma) to malignant (carcinoma) behavior. (oncolink.org)
  • Macrophages are essential inflammatory cells which regulate the features of immune reactions within tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Daily topical treatment with CWO induced dramatic regression of pre-malignant skin tumors and a two-fold reduction in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. (biorxiv.org)
  • SUMMARY BLURB Essential oil derived from the camphor tree acts by stimulating immune cell-dependent regression of skin tumors in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (biorxiv.org)
  • reticulum cell sarcomas, cutaneous nodular amyloidosis) are relatively common cutaneous tumors. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
  • And much work remains to be done to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the current status and major obstacles for the treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells, thus provide some potential measures to refine this novel therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
  • B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
  • Among these are proteins associated with pluripotency and development as well as tight junction signaling and TGFß receptor pathway. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In contrast, CD99-antigen (CD99), growth differentiation factor-3, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2, and developmental pluripotency associated-4 were among the highly expressed proteins in ECCs. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Several proteins that were highly expressed in ECCs such as heat shock 27kDa protein-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1, nuclear factor of K light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor like-2, and S100 calcium-binding protein-A4 have also been attributed to malignancy in other systems. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Similar to the sculpting of tumor antigens during oncogenesis, a related hypothesis is that proteins secreted by malignant cells are shaped by somatic evolution. (bmj.com)
  • Malignant cells that then emerge secrete proteins that alter intercellular communication to promote tumor growth. (bmj.com)
  • As exosomes represent an emerging mode of cell-to-cell communication through the delivery of proteins and coding and non-coding RNAs, the objective of this study was to test this hypothesis by characterizing the impact of exosomes derived from three melanocyte cell lines on T cell function, with an emphasis on exosomal mRNA. (bmj.com)
  • i) Precipitated proteins in A10 cell lysates with m7GTP\agarose beads were identified by Western blot analysis. (informationalwebs.com)
  • ii) A10 cell lysates were incubated with GTP\agarose beads, and none of the proteins tested were precipitated with the beads. (informationalwebs.com)
  • Moreover, in HEK 293T cells, forced expression of Flag\FMRP results in an increased association of endogenous \catenin with the eIF4E pre\initiation complex without affecting \catenin expression, while again, no proteins interacted with the GTP\agarose control beads (Fig?4D\i and ii, respectively). (informationalwebs.com)
  • Previous studies established that EBNA3C facilitates degradation of several vital cell cycle regulators, including the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p27(KIP) proteins, by recruitment of the SCF(Skp2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
  • These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)
  • We will also look at the combination of mAbs with immunostimulants such as GMCSF and IL-2 (fusion proteins) and eventual conjugation of the mAbs with alpha and possibly B -emitters to help in targeting bystander cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Single-cell phospho-specific flow cytometry for detection of basal as well as activation-induced phosphorylation of signaling proteins in distinct cell populations can be used to identify aberrant signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)
  • Mabs capable of targeting the malignancies noted above were produced following immunization of BALBc mice with the Tumor Specific Antigens. (jcancer.org)
  • In 1959, Lewis Thomas suggested that the human immune system can recognise tumour-specific antigens on the surface of newly developing tumour cells as 'foreign' and eliminate them (3). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • By using Fh1-deficient mouse epithelial kidney cells we have recently demonstrated that in the absence of Fh1, the TCA cycle is definitely truncated causing an build up of fumarate and succinate paralleled by a decrease of malate and citrate. (immune-source.com)
  • Berstein L, Gurney JG: Carcinomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms. (oncolink.org)
  • The directed expression of SV40 T antigen has led to the development of several important transgenic models with spontaneous epithelial tumor formation. (molvis.org)
  • however, mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds act on epithelial cells have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
  • These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
  • Methods: Identification of tumour-associated endothelial markers (TEM) by comparing antigen expression on normal vs t-CEC and assess the presence of t-CEC in peripheral blood of cancer patients by incorporating TEM in our novel flow cytometry-based CEC detection assay. (researchgate.net)
  • CAR T-cells are T-cells that have been engineered to express receptors that specifically target tumour-associated antigens (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin D3 (VD3) affects the regulation of the immune system, including the differentiation and function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). (bvsalud.org)
  • The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • These studies described failure of B-cell differentiation because of altered B-cell surface-molecule expression. (medscape.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • This was accompanied by fewer tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, and STZ-mice had fewer tumor-infiltrating CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) than normoglycemic mice. (nature.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Various immune-suppressive cell populations appear to associate with suppression of cGvHD, including T reg cells, B reg cells, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer (NK) cells. (haematologica.org)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • Low AKR1B10 expression induces M2 macrophage polarization and promotes the malignant transformation of GC. (portlandpress.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is one of the essential latent antigens for primary B-cell transformation. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • To date, reports of ITPN are rare and little is known about the potential for malignant transformation and the prognosis of tubulopapillary carcinoma produced from an ITPN. (giknet.org)
  • The CARs approved so far to treat leukemias and lymphomas usually dock to the antigen CD19, a surface molecule on B cells that can undergo malignant transformation and become cancerous. (charite.de)
  • Cancer cell energy metabolism is mainly dominated by three pathways of central carbon metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target crucial signaling pathways, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), to improve the activation of T cells and enhance the immune response to cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Knowledge about signaling pathways in malignant cells may provide prognostic and diagnostic information in addition to identify potential molecular targets for therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, signaling pathways that are required for normal B cell maturation and function are likely disturbed in SLL/CLL and MZL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These signaling pathways include the signals propagated through the B-cell receptor (BCR), CD40 and cytokine receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Top pathways upregulated in both the kinase activity and gene expression platforms were PTEN, STAT3, GNRH, IL-8 and B cell receptor signaling. (oncotarget.com)
  • To detect and destroy microbial invaders, an immune system covers 2 territories: cells and the extracellular pathways of the body, including the circulatory system. (ishinobu.com)
  • Constant stimulation of T-cells can lead to T-cell exhaustion, loss of T-cell function and reduced ability to proliferate, impaired cytotoxicity as well as decreased cytokine production (7). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • The lack of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for T cell malignancies results in part from potential risks associated with targeting broadly expressed T cell markers, namely T cell depletion and clinically significant immune compromise. (mdpi.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As has often been the case, hematologic malignancies have led the way in the introduction of this new generation of therapeutics-perhaps because of easy access to tumor samples for pharmacodynamics, and the narrow spectrum of cells of origin. (cancernetwork.com)
  • TcR gene rearrangements are useful in the diagnosis of T cell malignancies such as T cell ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, T cell PLL/CLL, and adult T cell leukemia. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Related studies have reported that the complete response rate of CD19-CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies is approximately 88-90% [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • At present, the majority of previous studies have focused on the function of AEG-1 in the development and progression of various malignancies such as gastric cancer, breast cancer and malignant glioma ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Of all patients with malignancies, 58% had CD276+ CEC counts above the ULN (8 cell per 4 ml). (researchgate.net)
  • Small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) are indolent lymphoid malignancies that arise from mature B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-malignant diseases as well as high-risk and refractory hematopoietic malignancies. (haematologica.org)
  • The use of CAR T-cell therapy has been successful in treating haematological malignancies and there is also a growing interest in using CAR T-cell therapy to target solid tumours. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • The emerging therapeutic approach of CAR-T cell therapy has sparked great interests, extensive studies in preclinical and clinical trials have revealed encouraging therapeutic efficacy in treating a variety of cancers, particularly in treating B-cell hematologic malignancies with CD19 CAR-T cells [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • A panel of 9 stimulation conditions targeting B and T cells, including crosslinking of the B cell receptor (BCR), CD40 ligand and interleukins in combination with 12 matching phospho-protein readouts was used to study signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antigen stimulation via BCR in normal B cells initiates phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the cytoplasmic tails of CD79a and CD79b. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Large plaque parapsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, and the pathophysiology has been speculated to be long-term antigen stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • Often, T cell disorders cannot be definitively diagnosed by morphology and flow cytometry. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and the populations of forkhead box P3-positive Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
  • Two retrospective studies from Israel 12 and Japan 13 recently reported that diabetes was negatively correlated to overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICIs. (nature.com)
  • AEG-1 has been shown to localize to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus and nucleus in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In most cases, cancer will weaken this immune system because it will spread into the bone marrow that produces blood cells that fights against infections and cause the bone marrow to decrease in its blood cell production. (stemcellsgroup.com)
  • When this immune system is unable to recognize these cells as abnormal, cellular growth will occur, causing uncontrolled growth and division of cells, that will, in turn, lead to cancer. (stemcellsgroup.com)
  • Although cancer treatment is dependent on the stage and type, we need a wide range of therapies that work on cellular level like NK cell and stem cell therapies, wide enough to cover the whole spectrum of cancer. (stemcellsgroup.com)
  • Cancer therapies involving the immune system is believed to be a milestone for cancer treatment advances, and the development of multiple immune cells as a therapeutic tool. (stemcellsgroup.com)
  • One of these promising cancer treatment advances is the natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy. (stemcellsgroup.com)
  • Natural killer cells have emerged as the newest promising therapeutic approach to cancer. (stemcellsgroup.com)
  • It is hard to overstate the possible importance of NK cells in the future of cancer. (benitonovas.com)
  • Modern researches have shown that NK cells are a type of treatment that stimulates a persons' immune system to fight cancer, and this may give room for a greater number of chances to beat cancer for good. (benitonovas.com)
  • We aimed to determine the signaling pathway regulating cell metabolism and the mechanism related to the regulation of human tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer (GC). (cancerindex.org)
  • The highly selective nature of CAR T-cell therapy has led to a revolution in cancer treatment. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Following this, in 1971, Sir Frank Mac Farlane Burnet hypothesised that tumour cell antigens induced immunological reaction against cancer and postulated the "immune surveillance theory" (4). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • This review includes the biological basis of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a cancer treatment modality, the opportunities and challenges that CAR T-cell therapy offers, and briefly discusses the role of natural killer (NK) cells in cancer management. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Generally, CD8 + cytotoxic T-cells and CD4 + helper T-cells, which belong to the adaptive immune system, control the development of cancer via mechanisms like the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung tumour strongly associated with cigarette smoking, with patients often presenting with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. (ersjournals.com)
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignant disease, with the majority of patients presenting with distant metastasis at diagnosis. (ersjournals.com)
  • Recent data suggest that the tumour, node, metastasis classification traditionally reserved for the staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can also be applied for the staging of SCLC 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (ersjournals.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
  • The CAR acts like a tiny antenna, patrolling the body's cells for specific features on the cancer cells. (charite.de)
  • Once the CAR T cells are re-introduced back into the patient's body, they begin to detect and destroy cancer cells with the antigen that fits their new receptors. (charite.de)
  • Unlike CD19, which may be present on cancer cells in varying amounts from patient to patient and can even be lost, CXCR5 is found uniformly on all mature lymphoma cells. (charite.de)
  • A new imaging agent, 68Ga-ABY-025, can predict early metabolic response to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted treatment in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients, according to new research published in the September issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. (news-medical.net)
  • A simple blood draw can provide physicians with valuable information that can determine if peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is likely to be effective in a patient with neuroendocrine cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • CAR-T cell therapy has achieved outstanding progresses in clinical observations, which makes it even more attractive in the development of cancer adoptive immunotherapy. (ijbs.com)
  • Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore CAR T cells and TCR T cells may represent complementary approaches to cancer therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast, clinical oncologists hope to enhance the T cell response to tumor antigens in order to recognize and reject malignant cells. (nih.gov)
  • The human genome does not contain enough unique DNA sequences to code for the vast repertoire of receptors needed to recognize all of the foreign antigens a person is exposed to during their lifetime. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)
  • Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), which is also known as metadherin and lysine-rich carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 co-isolated, was first observed to be upregulated in brain astrocytes from patients with HIV-induced Alzheimer's disease ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These changes regulate cellular movements and lead to activation of transcriptional events that induce production of T cell lymphokines and result in differentiative events. (nih.gov)
  • Adoptive cellular therapy transmits the sensitized T cells to patients with low cellular immune function, which helps patients obtain antitumor immunity. (hindawi.com)
  • Because overexpression of IGF-1R has been identified in several tumor types and because of its role in cellular metabolism, which potentially has relevance to the survival of malignant cells, IGF-1R has become a target for anticancer therapy. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • Phagocytes are cells that ingest foreign particles and cellular waste. (ishinobu.com)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We performed a cost-minimization analysis to compare the cost of biomarker analysis for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status with immunohistochemistry versus STRAT4. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, such operational efficiencies are unlikely, and more laboratories are pursuing human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 analysis as targeted therapies become increasingly available. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to determine the pattern of immunohistochemical profiles of IDC using oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) and proliferative index (Ki-67) biomarkers in our tertiary healthcare facility in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria given the dearth of its data in our environment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Following binding of the antigen-HLA complex to the TCR, receptors aggregate, associated protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) are activated, and TCR subunits and a number of linker or adapter molecules are phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. (nih.gov)
  • mRNA expression levels of CXCL9, a chemokine recruiting CD8 + T cells, were lower in dLNs of STZ-mice than in normoglycemic mice after PD-1-Ab treatment, and its protein was expressed in DCs. (nature.com)
  • It is involved in theregulation of heat shock protein 27 transcription, can act as an estrogen receptor co-repressorand is a candidate for breast tumorigenesis. (immune-source.com)
  • Molecular analysis of the beta TcR gene rearrangements provides the most definitive assessment of T cell clonality. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate for the first time that molecular changes in osteoblasts influence the susceptibility to swelling by altering evasion of innate immune cells from your bone Lesopitron dihydrochloride marrow space. (informationalwebs.com)
  • These observations suggest that molecular changes in the stromal cell compartment of bone may impact susceptibility to swelling. (informationalwebs.com)
  • In AST, AEG-1 causes glutamatergic excitotoxicity by downregulating the activity of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoter, leading to neuronal cell death in glioma-induced neurodegenerative disease ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The contribution of TRPC channels to up-regulate VEGF expression under hypoxic conditions was studied in a malignant glioma cell line, U-87 MG cells. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • To overcome this limitation, TcR genes undergo a complex series of DNA rearrangements to produce more than one billion unique receptors. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Beta genes rearrange in the early thymocyte of stage of T cell development. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Results from RNA sequencing revealed that AEG‑1 modulated neuronal morphology and development by regulating the expression of numerous genes, such as ubiquitin C, C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 1, MMP9, Notch1, neuropilin 1 and ephrin type‑A receptor 4. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Southern blot analysis of T-cell receptor genes from parapsoriasis does not identify a dominant clone of T cells. (medscape.com)
  • In vivo , CWO induced transcriptional changes in immune-related genes, resulting in cytotoxic T cell-dependent tumor regression. (biorxiv.org)
  • Studies are underway to improve the safety of CAR T-cell therapy by limiting their expression, producing switchable CAR T-cells, and producing genetically engineered T-cells that are equipped with genes to reduce adverse effects. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are generally chemotherapy resistant and have a poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)
  • Höpken and Rehm have identified a molecule called CXCR5 that is likely an even better target for a CAR T-cell therapy against lymphomas. (charite.de)
  • Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune conditions appear to have very low numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells in peripheral blood and are more likely to have a mutation in the gene that encodes TACI ( TNFRST13B ). (medscape.com)
  • All malignant cells contain an identical gene rearrangement pattern that is easily identifiable by Southern blot analysis. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Detection of a TcR gene rearrangement indicates that a monoclonal population of T cells is present. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • A stable AEG‑1‑deficient HT22 neuronal cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‑editing technology. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Multiple dominant clones can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of T-cell receptor gene usage, which supports a reactive process. (medscape.com)
  • T cell recognition of foreign and self-antigens is mediated by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). (nih.gov)
  • Antigen recognition is mediated by a disulfide-linked heterodimer whose two chains each contain variable and constant region domains. (nih.gov)
  • A leukemia or lymphoma is derived from clonal expansion of a single abnormal cell. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • This ulcerated nodule of localized primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma is relatively nonspecific in appearance. (medscape.com)
  • B-cell receptor (BCR) and co-receptor CD40 signaling is essential for normal B cells, and there is increasing evidence that signaling via BCR and CD40 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate basal and induced signaling in lymphoma B cells and infiltrating T cells in single-cell suspensions of biopsies from small cell lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, CD40L-induced p-ERK and p-p38 were also significantly reduced in lymphoma B cells, whereas p-p65 (NF-κB) was equal to that of normal B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the nomenclature and description of the disease spectrum under the descriptive term parapsoriasis evolved, the primary focus has been on the distinction of whether the disorder progresses to mycosis fungoides (MF) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). (medscape.com)
  • The initiating cause of parapsoriasis is unknown, but the diseases likely represent different stages in a continuum of lymphoproliferative disorders from chronic dermatitis stimulated by activated T cells to frank malignancy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). (medscape.com)
  • 10] Nevertheless, a hint to the verity of this hypothesis is the recent identification of increased telomerase activity in T cells from CTCL at low-grade stages, high-grade lymphoma, and parapsoriasis, which is activity not exhibited in normal T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Anti-CXCR5 CAR T cells (green) attack lymphoma cells (red) in the stromal cell network that underpins the B-cell follicle (light blue). (charite.de)
  • While CAR-T cells have proven successful in treating certain types of leukemia and lymphoma, these immunotherapies can become even more effective. (charite.de)
  • CAR T-cell therapies are often the last resort for patients with certain types of leukemia and lymphoma who do not respond to standard treatments. (charite.de)
  • This enabled identification of TFs that can be uniquely associated to the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (lu.se)
  • Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is an orphan malignancy with poorly understood biology and suboptimal systemic therapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • The biology and drivers of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), an orphan disease, are poorly understood. (oncotarget.com)
  • Low AKR1B10 expression induced M2 macrophage polarization and promoted the malignant phenotype of GC. (portlandpress.com)
  • In MC38 cells cultured with 25 mM glucose, mRNA expression of CCL7, a chemokine recruiting DCs, was decreased compared to cells cultured with 5 mM glucose. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)
  • By contrast, in neurons, downregulation of AEG-1 expression has been shown to reduce the viability of motor neurons in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), both in vivo and in vitro ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The exosomes contained receptors derived from the parent cell as demonstrated by IL12RB2 expression on B16F0 exosomes and intact mRNAs. (bmj.com)
  • In contrast, TRPC1 expression was unchanged. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • Taken together, our present data suggest that TRPC1, but not TRPC3 or 5, is involved in hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in U-87 MG cells. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ or sodium citrate buffer (CB) 7 days before subcutaneous inoculation with MC38 cells in the right flank on day 0 (Fig. 1 A). Then, the mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody or normal rat IgG on days 5, 8, and 11. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, little progress has been made in the treatment of extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC), apart from the recently documented survival gain by the addition of prophylactic cranial irradiation. (ersjournals.com)
  • We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. (nature.com)
  • 1] With the range of histology detected, treatments are variable but therapies that affect T cells can be effective. (medscape.com)
  • These properties make CXCR5 a unique target for CAR T-cell therapies," says Höpken. (charite.de)
  • Clinical trials of LAK cells in humans are ongoing but this approach has not gained widespread use and is generally considered less effective than other cell therapies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this review, we summarize recent studies exploring how KSHV manipulates host cell metabolism to promote viral pathogenesis, which provides the potential therapeutic targets and strategies for KSHV-associated cancers. (frontiersin.org)
  • As such we plan to eventually employ the therapeutic mAbs in combination with chemotherapy as a means of enhancing the immunogenicity of the tumor system being treated and to possibly weaken the malignant growth for easier destruction by the mAb. (jcancer.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel therapeutic T-cell engineering option, where T-cells obtained from a patient's blood are engineered ex vivo to express specific tumour antigen receptors. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • identified the Insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a potential therapeutic target in GIST. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Advances in our understanding on the interaction between the immune system and tumor cells have contributed to the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Background Loss of function of fumarate hydratase (FH), the mitochondrial tumor suppressor and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, is associated with a highly malignant form of papillary and collecting duct renal cell malignancy. (immune-source.com)
  • the relevance of HIF as a tumor driver offers been recently challenged by the statement that the genetic ablation 607742-69-8 supplier of HIF in Fh1-deficient mice did not abolish cyst formation but, on the in contrast, exacerbated this phenotype [8]. (immune-source.com)
  • Many studies have reported their regulatory roles in immunity through cytokines and cell signaling. (cancerindex.org)
  • All vertebrates have natural killer cells and acquired immunity. (ishinobu.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells, players in innate immunity, are relatively big. (ishinobu.com)
  • NK's smaller cousins work in the department of acquired immunity: B and T cells. (ishinobu.com)
  • Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
  • CAR T-cells consist of an antigen-binding extracellular domain derived from a single chain variable segment (ScFv) of an immunoglobulin, a spacer domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain (8, 9). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Many of the signaling momlecules involved in the early TCR-coupled activation process have been tagged with fluorescent markers and expressed in T cells. (nih.gov)
  • Each clinicopathologic subtype can be further classified with respect to morphology, immunophenotype, and antigen markers. (medscape.com)
  • Our group recently reported that CD73 on the cell membrane also contributes to the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs 3 , suggesting that MSCs exert their immunomodulatory properties in a multifactorial manner. (nature.com)
  • MC1R, a Melanocortin Receptor, mediates the effects of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (thermofisher.com)
  • After the binding of the MHC/peptide complex to the TCR, the TCR heterodimer interacts with the antigen and facilitates clustering of the CD3 complex, which mediates further signalling that initiates T-cell activation (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting CD19 on malignant B cells and CD3 on normal host T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Activation of CD40, expressed by normal as well as malignant B cells, is an important co-stimulatory signal that enhances cell viability and promotes isotype class switching [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • PC-ALCL is one of the primary cutaneous CD30 + T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, a wide spectrum of disease, with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) at the benign end of the spectrum and PC-ALCL at the malignant end. (medscape.com)
  • He joined the Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1985, became senior investigator in 1988, and chief of the Section on Lymphocyte Signaling and deputy branch chief in 1995. (nih.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Our report suggests that EPSCC may have a different biology from that of pulmonary small cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • The IGF/IGF-1R system plays a key role in the biology of normal cells and tissues. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • The intracellular domain of the receptor distinguishes the different CAR T-cell generations as shown in Figure 1. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be differentiated in vitro into a variety of cells which hold promise for transplantation therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Moreover, this is the first paper to clearly establish that a CD56 bright CD3 - CD16 - perforin- NK reg population associates with a lack of cGvHD and has several unique characteristics, including the suppression of helper T-cell function in vitro. (haematologica.org)
  • Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • First-generation CAR T-cells consist only of the TCR-derived CD3ζ intracellular signalling domain, which induces T-cell activation as illustrated in Figure 1 (6, 8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • The immune system interacts closely with tumour cells via complex mechanisms and can result in either eradication of the tumour or immune evasion by the tumour (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • In responsive flexibility, natural killer (NK) cells are the crowning achievement of the innate immune system. (ishinobu.com)
  • The immune system amounts to a concerted set of cells with specialized roles, some of which overlap. (ishinobu.com)
  • White blood cells (leukocytes) are a mainstay of the immune system. (ishinobu.com)