• Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cells obtain a growth advantage through uncontrolled cell proliferation ( Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011 ), which may be caused by mutations that help them adapt to the microenvironment through selective pressure. (molcells.org)
  • In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display an array of phenotypes beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, ranging from antitumoral to immunosuppressive, proangiogenic, immunomodulatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Another myeloid population in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are DCs, that originate from different precursors and display various phenotypes, ranging from immunosuppressive monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) to immunocompetent cDC1 and cDC2 subsets ( 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Immune cell infiltration level and immune-related functional scores were evaluated to assess the link between tumour microenvironment and UCK2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation of UCK2 induced cell cycle arrest and activated the TNFα/NFκB signalling pathway-related senescence-associated secretory phenotype to modify the tumour microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulated UCK2 induced a secretory phenotype, which could improve the microenvironment, and decreased UCK2 remodelling metabolism could lower the resistance of tumour cells to T-cell-mediated killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the link between UCK2 and tumour microenvironment has not been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, tumours are rarely rejected spontaneously, reflecting their ability to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, obesity is associated with progression (but not incidence) of tumour microenvironment through prostate cancer. (who.int)
  • For tumor suppressor genes, the insertion of genetic material encoding proteins such as p53 has shown promising results in reducing tumor growth and proliferation. (mearticles.com)
  • it is often a biochemical alternative to the self-destruction of such a damaged cell by apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Methods used to study the cytotoxic effects include cytotoxicity assay, double staining cell morphological analysis, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis test and cell proliferation assay. (upm.edu.my)
  • RNA was extracted from colon for DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, antiinflammation, proto-oncogene, colorectal cancer biomarker and tumor suppressor gene expressions study. (upm.edu.my)
  • Vanillin also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (upm.edu.my)
  • However, the expressions of a few xenobiotic metabolism, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis genes were up-regulated by 5 % ethanol injection. (upm.edu.my)
  • Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • They regulate critical processes such as cell cycle progression , DNA repair , and apoptosis (programmed cell death). (mearticles.com)
  • This gene plays a pivotal role in halting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis when DNA damage is detected. (mearticles.com)
  • Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Aberrant overexpression of GSK-3β has been shown to promote tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance in various solid tumors including colon, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers and glioblastoma through differential effects on the pro-survival nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Myc pathways as well on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and p53-mediated apoptotic mechanisms. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Promoting PTEN expression in CRC cell lines will stop the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase ( PI3K )/sinkserine/threonine kinase ( Akt ) signaling pathway, which affects CRC cell growth, promotes apoptosis, and improves sensitivity to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and conventional therapy. (aging-us.com)
  • The progression of hepatocellular carcinogenesis is thought to involve the deregulation of genes that are critical to cellular processes, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, apoptosis, cell migration and spreading. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Western blot analysis was performed to study Boswellia sacra essential oil-regulated proteins involved in apoptosis, signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Boswellia sacra essential oil hydrodistilled at 100 o C was more potent than the essential oil prepared at 78 o C in inducing cancer cell death, preventing the cellular network formation (MDA-MB-231) cells on Matrigel, causing the breakdown of multicellular tumor spheroids (T47D cells), and regulating molecules involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Further data demonstrated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils induced apoptosis, but did not affect cell cycle progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Consistent with the in vitro activities, frankincense essential oil was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in a human BC mouse model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, it was also reported that extracts from pine needle inhibited apoptosis of the normal cells induced by a hydroxyl radical ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, we elucidated the regulatory AMPK/mTOR pathway involving essential oils in BC cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis development. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Indeed, in colons of mice carrying mutations in Apc (ApcMin/+) or exposed to the carcinogen azoxymethane, elimination of GCC increased tumor initiation by corrupting genomic integrity in the context of disabled compensatory apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Research into apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence is very important for understanding the intracellular functions that control cell survival and death. (dojindo.com)
  • Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin caused significant inhibition of cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis. (dovepress.com)
  • 10 TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, is capable of inducing apoptosis 11 , 12 and inhibiting cancer cell growth by cell cycle arrest in many different types of cancer, for example, osteosarcoma, colon, and pancreatic cancer cells, while normal cells remained unharmed. (dovepress.com)
  • In addition, gain and loss-of-function studies with miR-206 mimics and inhibitors showed that inhibition of miR-206 in hypoxic MSCs promoted the migration ability of the cells, prevented cell apoptosis, and protected membrane potential of mitochondria, while the benefits were all blocked by Pim-1 inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent demonstration of the differential expression of miRNAs and their target mRNAs in cancer and the discovery that some miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors have sparked considerable interest in elucidating their role in tumorigenesis ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These marker proteins are known to be tumor suppressors and regulate the cell cycle mainly through two pathways (p16Ink4a-RB and p53-p21CIP1). (dojindo.com)
  • While LIF induces the differentiation of several myeloid leukemia cells and inhibits their growth, it also promotes tumor progression, metastasis and chemoresistance in many solid tumors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we report that hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumors, induced LIF mRNA expression in human colorectal cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • The presence of TAMs in most solid tumors is correlated with poor prognosis and overall survival of patients ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to TAMs, solid tumors are also infiltrated by immunosuppressive, immature myeloid progenitor cells, commonly referred to as monocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M/PMN-MDSC) ( 11 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 9-ING-41 has significant in vitro and in vivo activity as a single agent and/or in combination with standard cytotoxic chemotherapies in a spectrum of solid tumors and hematological malignancies including bladder, breast, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic, sarcomas, and renal cancers as well as lymphomas. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Taken together, our data suggested that miR-320d acts as a tumor suppressor in GCA by directly targeting FoxM1 and thus potentially serves as a biomarker for anti-GCA therapy in GCA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results suggest the existence of a novel miR-148a-DNMT1 regulatory circuit and indicate that miR-148a acts as a tumor suppressor during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, we investigated how TSPAN12 regulates OC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and found that it contributed to tumor proliferation and poor prognosis in this disease through cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathways. (molcells.org)
  • LIF is frequently overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and its overexpression is often associated with poor prognosis of patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recombinant Kinesin Family, Member 18A ( KIF18A ) belongs to Recombinant Kinesin Family [ 9 ], which is highly expressed in tumors and associated with poor prognosis [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
  • A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • Cox regression analysis was used to assess overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among SNP genotypes. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous study found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nucleotide excision repair (NER) are associated with progression-free survival, including ERCC1, ERCC6, POLD2, POLE, and XPA [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
  • This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Co-inhibition of IGF and CHK1 caused synergistic suppression of cell viability, cell survival and tumour growth in 2D cell culture, 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo. (nature.com)
  • GSK-3β helps maintain malignant cell survival and proliferation, particularly in terms of mediating resistance to standard anti-cancer therapies, through the NF-κB pathway. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overall, our data suggest that ALKBH6 is required to maintain the integrity of the genome and promote cell survival of pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The extremely low 5-year overall survival of patients is, in part, due to pancreatic cancer cells having several mechanisms of resistance to different chemotherapeutic treatments, one of which is their capacity to efficiently repair alkylating agent-induced DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • An evolving paradigm expanding the genetic basis of cancer suggests that developmental programs indelibly imprint restricted repertoires of homeostasis, forming the substrate for lineage-dependent tumor induction by deregulation of tissue-specific survival pathways. (jefferson.edu)
  • We proposed that hypoxic preconditioning could increase survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via upregulation of Pim-1 and aimed to determine the microRNAs that modulate the expression of Pim-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 9 ] reported that hypoxic preconditioning increases survival of cardiac progenitor cells via upregulation of Pim-1, discovering a method for nongenetic modification of Pim-1 in stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Median progression-free survival after vaccination was 6.2 months and median overall survival was 12.8 months. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with poor overall survival. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Even as the nature of the exact cell in which Merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis occurs is controversial, there is strong support for the notion that Merkel cell carcinoma results from of one of two distinct pathways. (medscape.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • LIF functions through binding to its receptor complex composed of LIF receptor (LIF-R) and glycoprotein gp130 to selectively activate different signaling pathways, including Jak/Stat3, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT and mTOR pathways, depending upon different context of cells and tissues [ 6 - 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Consistently, the essential oil represses signaling pathways and cell cycle regulators that have been proposed as therapeutic targets for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the 880 canonical pathways we investigated, 112 displayed significant tumor-related upregulation or downregulation at one or more stages of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This allowed us to distinguish between pathways whose dysregulation is probably necessary throughout tumorigenesis and those whose involvement specifically drives progression from one stage to the next. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • While the activation of oncogenes can drive abnormal cell proliferation, the other side of the coin is the activation of tumor suppressor genes . (mearticles.com)
  • GSK-3β is particularly important in tumor progression and modulation of oncogenes (including beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc), cell cycle regulators (e.g. p27Kip1) and mediators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (e.g. zinc finger protein SNAI1, Snail). (outcomes4me.com)
  • Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the interleukin-6 cytokine superfamily, is a pleiotropic protein expressed in multiple types of tissues and cells which regulates an array of important biological functions. (oncotarget.com)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • Another crucial tumor suppressor gene is VHL , which regulates cell division, death, and differentiation. (mearticles.com)
  • Thus, we characterise how p21 regulates the proliferation-quiescence decision to maintain genomic stability. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • EXO1 mutations also have been reported concerning different types of tumor and prognosis of cancers, such as breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and lung cancer [ 23 - 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we verified the prognosis value of miR-320d in human GCA tissue, and identified its expression level in GCA specimens, GCA cell lines, and GCA tumor-bearing mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All patients can evolve into trisomy 8+ MDS [12], cells, since acquiring adequate samples diagnosed with MDS have a reduced in which 8+ appears to confer a favour- for flow cytometric analysis renders the life expectancy compared with age- able prognosis [13]. (who.int)
  • Exclude experimental models of malignant transformationemploy chemical and physical carcinogens or genetic manipulations to study tumor progression. (unifesp.br)
  • Radiation used in breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for early breast cancer, to eradicate residual malignant cells after tumour resection, induces DNA damage and cell death. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • In this article, we will explore the fascinating realm of tumor suppressor genes, their identification, functions, and the potential for stimulating their activity to combat cancer. (mearticles.com)
  • The journey to understanding tumor suppressor genes began with groundbreaking experiments in the late 1960s. (mearticles.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes exert their protective effects through various mechanisms. (mearticles.com)
  • One of the most well-known tumor suppressor genes is p53 . (mearticles.com)
  • DNA methylation, a common epigenetic modification, can alter the expression of tumor suppressor genes. (mearticles.com)
  • However, advancements in medical research have identified methylation inhibitors that can reverse this process and restore the expression of silenced tumor suppressor genes, potentially inhibiting cancer growth. (mearticles.com)
  • Harnessing the power of tumor suppressor genes for therapeutic purposes is an active area of research. (mearticles.com)
  • Ongoing research aims to address these challenges and refine the techniques to enhance the stimulation of tumor suppressor genes for effective cancer treatment. (mearticles.com)
  • Recent studies have established that, similar to mutations, methylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a major role in tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, pyrimidine metabolites can induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition to promote tumour metastasis, playing a non-proliferative role in pyrimidine metabolism in cancer [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis with GenomeLab GeXP genetic system on brain tissues showed that the expression of most xenobiotic metabolism, cell progression, tumour suppressor, DNA damage and inflammation genes was maintained at normal level. (upm.edu.my)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • These genes act as guardians, preventing the uncontrolled growth of cells and the development of tumors. (mearticles.com)
  • This led them to hypothesize the presence of genes within normal cells that inhibit tumor growth. (mearticles.com)
  • By maintaining the balance between cell growth and inhibition, these genes prevent the accumulation of genetic errors and the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. (mearticles.com)
  • Hypermethylation of promoter regions can lead to the silencing of these genes, promoting tumor growth. (mearticles.com)
  • Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
  • It's modes of action include downregulation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression NF-κB target genes including cyclin D1, Bcl-2, anti-apoptotic protein (XIAP) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) leading to inhibition of tumor growth in multiple solid tumor cell and lymphoma lines and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. (outcomes4me.com)
  • In the past few decades, studies have focused on investigating the genes and proteins responsible for the development and progression of HCC ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The methylation specific polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with sequencing verification was used to establish the methylation patterns of the 14 genes in the liver tissues of four healthy liver donors, as well as tumor and the paired non-cancerous tissues of 30 HCC patients. (wjgnet.com)
  • Both glutathione S-transferase pi ( GSTpi ) (80%, 24/30 in tumor and 56.7%, 17/30 in the paired non-cancerous tissues) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ATP-binding cassette (sub-family C, member 7) ( CFTR ) (77%, 23/30 in tumor and 50%, 15/30 in the paired non-cancerous tissues) genes were prevalently hypermethylated in HCC as well as their neighboring non-cancerous tissues. (wjgnet.com)
  • In summary, results from this study demonstrate that hypoxia induces LIF expression in human cancer cells mainly through HIF-2α, which could be an important underlying mechanism for LIF overexpression in human cancers. (oncotarget.com)
  • For example, LIF maintains the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, while induces the differentiation of several myeloid leukemia cells and inhibits their growth [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Similar to our previous observations in human bladder cancer cells, Boswellia sacra essential oil induces breast cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that a H3K27M-specific long peptide vaccine (H3K27M-vac) induces mutation-specific immune responses that control H3K27M+ tumors in major histocompatibility complex-humanized mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • 4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)
  • Recent evidences demonstrate that dysregulated expression of microRNA-320d (miR-320d) has been associated with several cancer development and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Key findings: The extract of I. obliquus caused significant tumor suppressive effects in both models. (researchgate.net)
  • Cytostatic control is considered a key tumour suppressive mechanism in the mammary gland. (uwo.ca)
  • Strikingly, these data also reveals that this tumour suppressive effect is context-dependent. (uwo.ca)
  • In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
  • In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
  • In particular, our data suggests that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cip1/Waf1), which is expressed in response to DNA damage, promotes quiescence by blocking positive feedback loops that facilitate G1 progression downstream of serum stimulation. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
  • Remove the ovary and ovarian tumor intact. (medscape.com)
  • PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
  • Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. (nature.com)
  • In the intricate world of genetics, the balance between cell growth and inhibition plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and integrity of our bodies. (mearticles.com)
  • Moreover, I. obliquus extract-treated mice demonstrated the increase in tumor agglomeration and inhibition of vascularization. (researchgate.net)
  • Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CCND2 by an approved drug significantly impairs leukemic expansion of patient-derived AML cells and engraftment in immunodeficient murine hosts. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • Inhibition of EHMT2 expression or activity in human ERMS cell lines reduced DKK1 expression and elevated canonical Wnt signaling resulting in myogenic differentiation in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • High p21 levels mediate G1 arrest via CDK inhibition, yet lower levels have no impact on G1 progression, and the ubiquitin ligases CRL4 Cdt2 and SCF Skp2 couple to degrade p21 prior to the G1/S transition. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Therefore, targeting drugs molecules in the PTEN signaling pathway may be another strategy to suppress tumor cells by inhibiting tumor activity [ 7 , 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Further exploration showed that TSPAN12 overexpression accelerated proliferation and colony formation of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 OC cells. (molcells.org)
  • Currently, the mechanism for LIF overexpression in tumor cells is not well-understood. (oncotarget.com)
  • Additionally, DNMT1, the DNA methyltransferase that maintains methylation patterns, is aberrantly upregulated in HCC cell lines, and its overexpression is responsible for hypermethylation of the miR-148a promoter. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Importantly, we demonstrate that the overexpression of miR-148a significantly inhibits HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Overexpression of Pim-1 in stem/progenitor cells stimulated cell cycling and enhanced cardiac regeneration in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. (nature.com)
  • The objective of this study was to optimize conditions for preparing Boswellea sacra essential oil with the highest biological activity in inducing tumor cell-specific cytotoxicity and suppressing aggressive tumor phenotypes in human breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral methods involve the use of viral vectors , such as adenoviral and adeno-associated vectors, to deliver the desired genetic material into tumor cells. (mearticles.com)
  • Non-viral methods, on the other hand, utilize chemical or physical means to introduce genetic material into cells. (mearticles.com)
  • The development of human cancer is a multistep process characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive or reflect tumour progression. (nih.gov)
  • Paralleling the emergence of targeted therapeutics in cancer treatment, a variety of experimental approaches has led to the conclusion that tumors bearing some specific genetic alterations may lead them to be uniquely sensitive to agents deregulating their cellular metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, genetic modification of stem cells is not the first promising option in their utilization for tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During that time she used genetic engineering, molecular biology and live cell imaging to study centrosome function and microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • To ensure the proper replication of cellular components and division, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints after each of the key steps of the cycle that determine if the cell can progress to the next phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different concentrations of vanillin showed arrest of cell cycle at different checkpoints. (upm.edu.my)
  • The colon gene expression analysis showed that vanillin could enhance recombinational repair and mismatch repair, arrest cell at cell cycle checkpoints, increase the expression of tumour suppressor gene, colorectal cancer biomarker and proto-oncogene. (upm.edu.my)
  • Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
  • First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • Transforming growth factor (3(TGF-P) is a crucial mediator of mammary epithelial morphogenesis and can negatively regulate cell cycle progression. (uwo.ca)
  • Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Under physiological conditions, p53 plays a role in maintaining genomic stability and regulating progression through the cell cycle. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • However, the role of p21 in maintaining genomic stability in the absence of exogenous DNA damaging agents is unclear. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Here, we evaluated expression profile of miR-320d and FoxM1 in 60 human GCA tissues and GCA cell lines (OE-19 and SK-GT2). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, the current study revealed the expression profiles of human TRP channels in 60 different breast cancer tissues and cell lines and furthermore validated the antitumor activity of TRPV1 against SUM149PT breast cancer cells, indicating that activation of TRPV1 could be used as a therapeutic target, even in the most aggressive breast cancer types. (dovepress.com)
  • During colonoscopy, benign lesions of all sizes are routinely removed to prevent their progression toward cancer, and this provides a valuable source of tissues for molecular studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)
  • Cells have a protein on their surface called PD-1 (in orange above). (shu.edu)
  • Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
  • More recently, his group invented tools for cleavage-free large gene insertion via mining microbial recombination protein, and developed single-cell tracking approach for studying cancer biology and cancer immunology. (stanford.edu)
  • UCK2 promoted cell cycle progression of HCC by preventing the degradation of mTOR protein and maintaining the stability of PDPK1 mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, using live single cell measurements of p21 protein in proliferating cultures, we show that naturally-occurring DNA damage incurred over S-phase causes p53-dependent accumulation of p21 during mother G2- and daughter G1-phases. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis typically requires demonstration of M-protein (sometimes present in urine and not serum but rarely absent entirely) and/or light-chain proteinuria, and excessive plasma cells in the bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 15 to 20% of patients, plasma cells secrete only Bence Jones protein. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of the cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myeloid innate immune cells, such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role in cancer-cell recognition, initiation of inflammation and antitumor responses ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2, CDK2, and CDK4) were significantly involved in the regulation of cell cycle downstream of TSPAN12. (molcells.org)
  • The mechanism analysis of miR-320d/FoxM1 showed that FoxM1 has two miR-320d binding sites in its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), that contributes to regulation of the cell biological behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herein, we describe the epigenetic regulation of miR-148a and its impact on HCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Negative growth regulation generally occurs during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, yet the redundancy and complexity among components of this regulatory network have made it difficult to discern how negative growth cues protect cells from aberrant proliferation. (uwo.ca)
  • Findings from the in vitro study showed that vanillin was cytotoxic towards HT-29 and 3T3 cells with the IC50 value of 400 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml respectively. (upm.edu.my)
  • Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-320d on GCA cells after transfection in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CCK-8, transwell, wound-healing assays, and in vivo experiments were conducted using GCA cells that treated with miR-320d mimics or inhibitors to evaluate the biological functions of miR-320d. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Investigating the histological characteristics of CRC is conducive to the research of the biological characteristics of tumors. (aging-us.com)
  • Reuben J. Shaw, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In conclusion, vanillin could induce cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. (upm.edu.my)
  • Binding of PD-L1 to its receptors suppresses T-cell migration, proliferation and secretion of cytotoxic mediators, and restricts tumour cell killing. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic inflammation, however, can initiate tumorigenesis and can drive cancer progression in some cancer types ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, myeloid cells play a dual role in cancer as they can initiate antitumor responses and communicate with cells of the adaptive immune system, but also promote local inflammation leading to chronic cancer-associated inflammation ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • The reduced tumor growth upon EHMT2 deficiency was reversed by recombinant DKK1 or LGK974, which also inhibits Wnt signaling. (elifesciences.org)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are membranous ion channels that conduct calcium and sodium ions, have been shown to influence cancer cell growth. (dovepress.com)
  • The ability to respond to anti-growth signals is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis and loss of this proliferative control mechanism is considered a hallmark of cancer. (uwo.ca)
  • Human cells that suffer mild DNA damage can enter a reversible state of growth arrest known as quiescence. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • We found that, due to the hypermethylation of its CpG island, miR-148a undergoes methylation-mediated silencing in HCC cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These changes distinguish cancer cells from their normal counterparts, allowing tumours to be recognized as foreign by the immune system. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This previously unrecognized role of GCC as a tumor suppressor by restricting proliferation and maintaining genomic integrity suggests that receptor dysregulation reflecting ligand insufficiency is a key event during early colorectal tumorigenesis. (jefferson.edu)
  • In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Immune-inflamed tumors are called hot tumors, while the latter two are collectively referred to as cold tumors, and they respond poorly to immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • But, how does PD-1 blunt the anti-tumor immune response? (shu.edu)
  • Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has been steering immune responses toward cancer cell eradication. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • also called B7-H1 or CD274), which is expressed on many cancer and immune cells, plays an important part in blocking the 'cancer immunity cycle' by binding programmed death-1 (PD-1) and B7.1 (CD80), both of which are negative regulators of T-lymphocyte activation. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that across multiple cancer types, responses (as evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1) were observed in patients with tumours expressing high levels of PD-L1, especially when PD-L1 was expressed by tumour-infiltrating immune cells. (nih.gov)
  • Repeat vaccinations with H3K27M-vac were safe and induced CD4+ T cell-dominated, mutation-specific immune responses in five of eight patients across multiple human leukocyte antigen types. (bvsalud.org)
  • Following tissue clearing, LSM focused on the analysis of tumor cell density, microvasculature, and innate immune cell infiltration. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As a result, changes in SA-ß-Gal expression, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. (dojindo.com)
  • NF-κB is constitutively active in cancer cells and promotes anti-apoptotic molecule expression. (outcomes4me.com)
  • In this study, stimulation by the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, of SUM149PT cells, a model system for the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, triple-negative breast cancer, led to intracellular calcium signals that were diminished by the specific TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepin. (dovepress.com)
  • However, studies focusing on the role and mechanism of miR-320d in the progression and development of GCA are still lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study is designed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of KIF18A on the progression of colorectal cancer. (aging-us.com)
  • The same mechanism creates a window of opportunity where G1 cells that have passed the RP can revert to quiescence if exposed to DNA damage. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Previous studies showed that vanillin was a good red blood sickle cell inhibitor, anti-microbial agent and anti-mutagen. (upm.edu.my)
  • The miR-320d function in GCA cell line was modulated by either transfection with miR-320d mimics or inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following DNA damage caused by exogenous sources, such as ionising radiation, the tumour suppressor p53 mediates cell cycle arrest via expression of the CDK inhibitor, p21. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Boswellia sacra essential oil-mediated cell viability and death were studied in established human breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231) and an immortalized normal human breast cell line (MCF10-2A). (biomedcentral.com)
  • All three human breast cancer cell lines were sensitive to essential oil treatment with reduced cell viability and elevated cell death, whereas the immortalized normal human breast cell line was more resistant to essential oil treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we assessed the possible effects of frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils on cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion as well as the possible mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we clearly revealed that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in human BC MCF-7 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Consistently, among 13 drugs targeting chromatin modifiers, EHMT2 inhibitors were highly effective in reducing ERMS cell viability. (elifesciences.org)
  • Redirection of glutamine to cellular energetics destabilizes glutathione homeostasis in glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells [ 9 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Anti-invasive and anti-multicellular tumor properties were evaluated by cellular network and spheroid formation models, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Suppression of cellular network formation and disruption of spheroid development of breast cancer cells by Boswellia sacra essential oil suggest that the essential oil may be effective for advanced breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Irreversible cell cycle arrest is one of the phenomena that characterize cellular senescence. (dojindo.com)
  • Doxorubicin (DOX) is known as an anticancer drug that acts in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle to arrest cell proliferation and induce cellular senescence (see the upper left figure). (dojindo.com)
  • Cellular senescence is controlled by various factors such as cell type and physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
  • Common detection indicators for assessing cellular senescence include features related to cell cycle progression (DNA synthesis, p16/p21 expression, etc.), features related to morphology (of the cell, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. (dojindo.com)
  • Recently, various fields have given particular attention to cellular senescence due to the recent discoveries of SASP (a known cancer-causing factor) and senescence-related phenomena in stem cell research. (dojindo.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
  • [ 6 ] As they are primarily postmitotic, Merkel cells putatively have low sensitivity to oncogenic stimuli, and they are found in the basal epidermis, whereas cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas arise in the dermis. (medscape.com)
  • Previous studies have shown the oncogenic role of UCK2 in the progression of HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, it consists of histological subtypes of small lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small lung carcinoma (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, in adults, Merkel cells undergo slow turnover and are replaced by cells originating from epidermal stem cells, not through the proliferation of differentiated Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • Other suggested cells of origin include the neural crest‒derived cell of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, dermal fibroblasts, pre or pro B cells, residual epidermal stem cells, and epithelial, non-Merkel cell progenitors. (medscape.com)
  • In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • Scientists have discovered that, in the absence of resident stem cells, senescent cells can instruct neighboring somatic cells to reprogram. (dojindo.com)
  • This reprogramming enables them to become stem cells, driving whole-body regeneration in the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. (dojindo.com)
  • Recent news of an impending clinical cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease using parthenogenetic stem cells as a source of donor tissue have raised hopes in the patient community and sparked discussion in the research community. (lu.se)
  • The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)
  • Retinoblastoma was found to be associated with mutations in a specific gene, now known as the Rb tumor suppressor gene . (mearticles.com)
  • Similarly, the APC gene is involved in DNA damage repair, cell migration, and adhesion, and its mutations are frequently found in colorectal cancer. (mearticles.com)
  • This decision to temporarily exit the cell cycle is essential to prevent the propagation of mutations and most cancer cells harbour defects in the underlying control system. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Subsequent studies focused on rare inherited forms of cancer, such as retinoblastoma, a childhood eye tumor. (mearticles.com)
  • Most cancer cells have PD-L1 on their surface and escape being killed by turning off the T cell in this way. (shu.edu)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. (degruyter.com)
  • Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • NF-κB activation is particularly important in cancer cells that have become chemo- and/or radio-resistant. (outcomes4me.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we tested whether ALKBH6 plays a significant role in preventing alkylating DNA damage and decreasing genomic instability in pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several alkylating agents are commonly used in chemotherapy but may induce DNA damage to cancer cells as well as normal cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the USA, obesity has recent- obesity is associated with progres- aberrations of cancer cells, summa- ly surpassed tobacco use as the sion but not incidence [9]. (who.int)
  • Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
  • Together with the uniform over-expression of GCC in human tumors, and the standard of care in which hormone deficiencies are treated by replacement therapy, the role of GCC as a tumor suppressor underscores the potential of oral administration of GCC ligands for targeted prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer. (jefferson.edu)
  • She is working closely with Stefan Heldt in Bela Novak's team towards building a comprehensive model of the G1/S transition in human cells. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Here we present a mechanistic mathematical model to study the proliferation-quiescence decision in non-transformed human cells. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
  • In this article, we first provide a short history of cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and briefly describe the current state-of-art regarding human stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for use in any patient trial. (lu.se)
  • Without this, the patient cells lost in PD could be replaced by grafted community is left trying to interpret complex scien- immature human dopaminergic neurons [3, 5]. (lu.se)
  • The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of TSPAN12 expression in A2780 and SKOV3 cells decreased both proliferation and colony formation. (molcells.org)
  • Consistently, ectopic expression of HIF-2α but not HIF-1α transcriptionally induced LIF expression levels in cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Intriguingly, the expression of DNMT1, which is a target of miR-148a, is inversely correlated with the expression of miR-148a in HCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
  • No significant differences in cell surface expression of integrins were detected, but a clear electrophoretic migration shift, compatible with an altered glycosylation pattern, was observed for beta(1) chain in transformed cell lines. (unifesp.br)
  • In recent years, two developments have helped us to better understand the fundamental biology of glioblastoma: the description of a striking intratumoral heterogeneity including gene expression-based cell states, and the discovery that neuro-cancer interactions and cancer-intrinsic neurodevelopmental mechanisms are fundamental features of glioblastoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage. (who.int)
  • Liu Y , Sun M , Zhang B , Zhao W , . KIF18A improves migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through inhibiting PTEN signaling. (aging-us.com)
  • PTEN gene is considered an established tumor suppressor gene in different types of cancer including breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
  • Targeting UCK2 inhibits HCC progression and could improve the response to immunotherapy in patients with HCC. (biomedcentral.com)