Magnetic resonance imaging echo planar imaging. Medical search. Frequent questions

MRI is a medical application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) which can also be used for imaging in other NMR applications, such as NMR spectroscopy. (wikipedia.org)
Numerous studies are under way to identify specific imaging markers for different types of dementia, including cerebral volumetric measurements, diffusion imaging, spectroscopy, very-high-field MRI scans of senile plaques, and PET scan markers of senile plaques. (medscape.com)
A great deal of my research involves MRI and in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. (mcmaster.ca)
Quantitative Monitoring of Extracellular Matrix Production in Bone Implants by 13C and 31P Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (mpg.de)

Continuous real- time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback is gaining increasing scientific attention in clinical neuroscience and may benefit from the short repetition times of modern multiband echoplanar imaging sequences. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we report a technical problem we experienced during continuous fMRI neurofeedback with multiband echoplanar imaging and short repetition times. (bvsalud.org)
We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an olfactory version of a classical conditioning paradigm, whereby neutral faces were paired with pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant odors, under 50% reinforcement. (jneurosci.org)
Standard echo planar imaging was used for fast (TR=1s) image acquisition of BOLD and arterial spin labelling (ASL) functional MRI (fMRI) data. (europa.eu)
Fast, low-angle shoot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect, was combined with optical recording of intrinsic signals (ORIS) and 2-deoxyglucose labeling in gerbil barrel cortex. (jneurosci.org)
All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. (researchsquare.com)
Latency and Echo-Time Dependence of the GRE-BOLD Signal in High-Resolution fMRI. (mpg.de)
Our research group, the MR physics research group at Lund university, is situated in the expanding Öresund region in southern Sweden, is active in the field of medical magnetic resonance, and has its primary focus on development of new techniques for assessment of functional information related to perfusion, diffusion, cortical activation/fMRI and flow. (lu.se)
The purpose of this study is to explore whether there are abnormal brain functional activities in patients with RD by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and to provide imaging evidence for the study of the pathogenesis of RD. (frontiersin.org)
When a functional MRI study of the brain is performed, about 30 to 60 images covering the entire 3-D brain are repeated hundreds of times like the frames of a movie but, with fMRI, a 3-D movie," Feinberg said. (scienceblog.com)
In addition to broadly advancing the field of neural-imaging, the discovery will have an immediate impact on the Human Connectome Project, funded last year by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to map the connections of the human brain through functional MRI (fMRI) and structural MRI scans of 1,200 healthy adults. (scienceblog.com)
Nearly 20 years ago, however, a new type of MRI called functional MRI (fMRI) was developed to highlight areas of the brain using oxygen, and thus presumably engaged in neuronal activity, such as thinking .Using echo planar imaging (EPI), fMRI vividly distinguishes oxygenated blood funneling into working areas of the brain from deoxygenated blood in less active areas. (scienceblog.com)
As with standard MRI, fMRI machines create magnetic fields that vary slightly throughout the brain, providing a different magnetic environment for hydrogen atoms in different areas. (scienceblog.com)
Due to the presence of gross magnetic susceptibility artifacts, functional MRI (fMRI) has proved problematic in studies of the human inferior frontal cortex (IFC). (ox.ac.uk)
There is a strong desire, therefore, to employ techniques that mitigate susceptibility artifacts in the IFC while preserving the imaging parameters of an fMRI study. (ox.ac.uk)

Structural imaging, preferably with MRI when possible and with computed tomography (CT) when not, should be performed as a first-tier approach. (medscape.com)
Computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicts the mass, and the findings may be essentially diagnostic in routine cases with typical features. (medscape.com)
Computed Tomography (CT) Computed tomography (CT) is a type of medical imaging that combines a series of x-rays to create cross-sectional, detailed images of internal structures. (msdmanuals.com)
Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning and nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal a DVA, the preferred imaging technique is contrast-enhanced MRI because of its excellent depiction of the small venules and draining vein. (medscape.com)
The aim of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for preoperative detection of metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (hindawi.com)
Although ultrasound, routine contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow the detection of enlarged cervical LNs, none of these methods can distinguish between benign and malignant causes of enlargement with any accuracy [ 7 ], as they use standard parameters (shape, size, internal architecture, extranodal invasion, and vascular features) that are nonspecific for malignancy [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) are imaging techniques that supply functional information, but they involve radiation exposure and are expensive with low availability and are hampered by relatively low spatial resolution [ 10 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

Diffusion MRI and functional MRI extend the utility of MRI to capture neuronal tracts and blood flow respectively in the nervous system, in addition to detailed spatial images. (wikipedia.org)
Practical challenges of continuous real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback with multiband accelerated echo-planar imaging and short repetition times. (bvsalud.org)
A variety of imaging modalities, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral metabolism, have shown characteristic changes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease in prodromal and even presymptomatic states. (medscape.com)
Functional MR (fMR) imaging of word generation has been used to map Broca's area in some patients selected for craniotomy. (ajnr.org)
Functional MR (fMR) imaging is used to map eloquent brain regions before craniotomy because it depicts these regions more reliably and accurately than do anatomic landmarks visualized on MR images (1, 2) . (ajnr.org)
for accuracy, we compared the results of functional imaging with those of intraoperative mapping. (ajnr.org)
Overall I am interested in developing more comprehensive and diagnostically useful disease imaging protocols for evaluation of anatomic, metabolic and functional characteristics of healthy and abnormal tissues. (mcmaster.ca)
Currently, my work is focused in The BrIDGe Lab, on structural, functional, and DTI imaging studies of children and adolescents with RASopathies. (stanford.edu)
Recently, other functional imaging techniques such as MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and CT perfusion imaging (CTP) have shown promise in detecting metastatic cervical LNs, and there is increasing experience in head and neck SCC. (hindawi.com)
Correlative Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear Medicine and Echocardiographic Imaging Modalities in Measurement of Cardiac Volumes and Functional Parameters. (upstate.edu)
This study is to correlate the results of Magnetic Resonance Imaging determination of cardiac chamber volumes and their associated functional parameters, (such as stroke volumes, ventricular filling and contraction rates) with those obtained by routinely utilized clinical Echocardiography and Nuclear Medicine techniques. (upstate.edu)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging has the ability to acquire cardiac functional data quickly and without any known safety hazard. (upstate.edu)
This study aims to show that cardiac MRI in the clinical setting is equally accurate as other non-invasive imaging modalities for left ventricular function and a first line technique for right ventricular functional assessment in this institution. (upstate.edu)

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 53 (2). (uea.ac.uk)

EPI (Echo Planar Imaging) sequences including: Single-shot and segmented 2D/3D SE-EPI, Maxwell term corrected IR-EPI and FID-EPI for diffusion imaging, perfusion imaging and ultra fast T2* weighted 2D and 3D anatomical imaging. (siemens-healthineers.com)
Advances in MRI include higher strength of magnetic field (1.5-3.0 T field strength) yielding better resolution of images, newer sequences of images, and the advent of the open MRI for patients who are claustrophobic or overweight. (medscape.com)
Evaluation of conventional (spin and gradient echo) and echo-planar pulse sequences for maximization of MR conspicuity of cardiac chambers and walls, as well as the cardio-thoracic vasculature, including great vessels and coronary vasculature. (upstate.edu)

One of my methods, DISCO, is now a product available on all GE MRI scanners since 2017, and is widely used for prostate and breast imaging worldwide. (umassmed.edu)

MRI was originally called NMRI (nuclear magnetic resonance imaging), but "nuclear" was dropped to avoid negative associations. (wikipedia.org)

Noninvasive detection of myocardial fibrosis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy using delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. (umassmed.edu)

Technological aspects of human brain perfusion imaging by continuous arterial spin labeling. (mpg.de)

Scanning with X and Y gradient coils causes a selected region of the patient to experience the exact magnetic field required for the energy to be absorbed. (wikipedia.org)
The RF signal may be processed to deduce position information by looking at the changes in RF level and phase caused by varying the local magnetic field using gradient coils. (wikipedia.org)
The major components of an MRI scanner are the main magnet, which polarizes the sample, the shim coils for correcting shifts in the homogeneity of the main magnetic field, the gradient system which is used to localize the region to be scanned and the RF system, which excites the sample and detects the resulting NMR signal. (wikipedia.org)
Random motion of water molecules (diffusion) in the presence of a strong magnetic gradient results in MR signal loss as a result of the dephasing of spin coherence ( Fig. 1 ). (ajronline.org)
Center-out echo-planar spectroscopic imaging with correction of gradient-echo phase and time shifts. (mpg.de)
Optimization of white-matter-nulled magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) imaging. (umassmed.edu)
Purpose: To assess errors associated with EPI-accelerated intracardiac 4D flow MRI (4DEPI) with EPI factor 5, compared with non-EPI gradient echo (4DGRE). (uea.ac.uk)

Double-shot center-out echo planar spectrocopic imaging at 3 Tesla. (mpg.de)
Shared vulnerability of two synaptically-connected medial temporal lobe areas to age and cognitive decline: a seven tesla magnetic resonance imaging study. (umassmed.edu)

The MDD group ( n = 29) and a healthy control group ( n = 47) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and an analysis was conducted using TBSS. (cambridge.org)
An international team of physicists and neuroscientists has reported a breakthrough in magnetic resonance imaging that allows brain scans more than seven times faster than currently possible. (scienceblog.com)
The faster scans are made possible by combining two technical improvements invented in the past decade that separately boosted scanning speeds two to four times over what was already the fastest MRI technique, echo planar imaging (EPI). (scienceblog.com)
MRI scans are capable of producing a variety of chemical and physical data, in addition to detailed spatial images. (alchetron.com)

Those that absorb radio energy and then release the energy are detected by magnetic coils surrounding the head, and these signals, or "echoes," are used to produce an image of the brain. (scienceblog.com)
C. Huang , J.L. Ackerman, Y. Petibon, G. El Fakhri, T.J. Brady and J Ouyang, MR-based motion correction for PET imaging using wired active MR micro-coils in simultaneous PET-MR: Phantom Study. (harvard.edu)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Fasted State Colonic Liquid Pockets in Healthy Humans. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Pulses of radio waves excite the nuclear spin energy transition, and magnetic field gradients localize the polarization in space. (wikipedia.org)
Observation of Myelin Water at Ultra-Short Echo Time by Longitudinal Relaxographic Imaging with Spin-Echo Center-out EPI (DEPICTING). (mpg.de)
Increased Speed and Image Quality for Pelvic Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Imaging with Variable Refocusing Flip Angles and Full-Fourier Acquisition. (umassmed.edu)
An efficient 3D stack-of-stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence for simultaneous T2-weighted imaging and T2 mapping. (umassmed.edu)
3D T2-weighted spin echo imaging in the breast. (umassmed.edu)
The differing magnetic field strengths make the spin of each hydrogen atom precess at different rates, so that when a pulse of radio waves is focused on the head, the atoms respond differently depending on location and on their particular environment. (scienceblog.com)

Axial, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reveals atrophic changes within bilateral temporal lobes with prominence of the sylvian fissures. (medscape.com)
Axial T2 image shows that the DVA can be subtle. (medscape.com)
Axial proton density-weighted image shows an area of marked signal intensity loss in the right cerebellum adjacent to the developmental venous anomaly (DVA). (medscape.com)
a) (top row) Axial, (middle row) coronal and (bottom row) sagittal slices of the image volume reconstructed using MC and nMC reconstruction from the same data set with introduced motion compared with the corresponding slices from the static reference image. (harvard.edu)

We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients with cerebral lesions who were referred for fMR imaging language mapping between January 1999 and July 2000. (ajnr.org)
PET imaging revealed decreased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in areas including the left amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, medial temporal lobe (MTL), and bilateral insula (Gamma et al, 2000). (researchgate.net)

IoMRI can be performed using the standard Philips parallel imaging FLEX L coil, with a carbon fiber head clamp, but optimal results are obtained with a dedicated intraoperative head coil (NORAS MRI Products, Hochberg, Germany). (surgicalneurologyint.com)

To perform a study, the person is positioned within an MRI scanner that forms a strong magnetic field around the area to be imaged. (wikipedia.org)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a type of medical imaging that uses a strong magnetic field and very high frequency radio waves to produce highly detailed images. (msdmanuals.com)
For MRI, a person lies on a motorized table that is moved into the narrow interior of a large tubular scanner, which produces a strong magnetic field. (msdmanuals.com)
But when protons are surrounded by a strong magnetic field, as in an MRI scanner, they line up with the magnetic field. (msdmanuals.com)

Thirty-nine subjects with SCD and 15 with MCI, diagnosed following neuropsychological tests and conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging, were recruited. (frontiersin.org)
Hyperintensity of WML had been previously evaluated in these patients with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. (biomedcentral.com)

Practice parameters for diagnosis and evaluation of dementia, as published by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), consider structural brain imaging to be optimal. (medscape.com)
For the first time, we assessed 17 children with NS (9 females, mean age, 8.68±2.39) and 17 age- and sex-matched controls (9 female, mean age, 8.71±2.40) using diffusion brain imaging for white matter connectivity and structural magnetic resonance imaging to characterize brain morphology. (stanford.edu)

Second-tier imaging with molecular methods, preferably with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) (or single-photon emission CT [SPECT] if PET is unavailable), can provide greater diagnostic specificity. (medscape.com)
Lean body mass correction of standardized uptake value in simultaneous whole-body positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (mpg.de)
The final part outlines the great potential of hyperelastic registration methods based on three applications from Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). (ubc.ca)

Multiecho time-resolved acquisition (META): a high spatiotemporal resolution Dixon imaging sequence for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. (umassmed.edu)

In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM). (mpg.de)

However, more recently I have focused on applications of multimodal techniques, or the fusion of MRI with EEG, EMG, ultrasound and other imaging methods. (mcmaster.ca)
With advancements in imaging methods, several noninvasive imaging techniques have arisen, with the potential for identifying benign and metastatic LNs in head and neck SCC, thus avoiding the complications due to biopsy sampling [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Methods Fifty patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging including 3 DWIs were included. (ewha.ac.kr)
The goals of this research are to develop novel quantitative methods for simultaneous whole-body (WB) PET-MR imaging, validate these methods in animal models and evaluate their clinical value, compared to PET-CT, in monitoring response to cancer therapy. (harvard.edu)

Coronal, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in a patient with moderate Alzheimer disease. (medscape.com)
Coronal T1-weighted contrast-enhanced image obtained in a patient who had undergone surgery in the past for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) shows bilateral developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) and the classic caput medusa appearance. (medscape.com)

MRI Evaluation of Maximal Temporal and Spatial Mensurability of Cardiac Chambers and Thoracic Great Vessels: A Comparison of Conventional and Echo-planar Techniques. (upstate.edu)

I am an MRI physicist with over twenty-five years of experience in MR physics, pulse sequence development, image reconstruction, and image processing spanning industry (GE) and academia (Stanford, Mayo, UA). (umassmed.edu)
With EPI, a single pulse of radio waves is used to excite the hydrogen atoms, but the magnetic fields are rapidly reversed several times to elicit about 50 to 100 echoes before the atoms settle down. (scienceblog.com)

The ability to spatially map the diffusion of free water protons in vivo using 1 H MR imaging and the observation that the diffusion of free water protons is reduced in acutely infarcted brain tissue are responsible for the widespread use of these techniques in clinical imaging [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. (ajronline.org)
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides measurements to investigate the integrity of white matter architecture in vivo. (researchsquare.com)

Adding diffusion-sensitizing gradients to an imaging sequence (spatial encoding) constitutes the basis for diffusion-weighted MR imaging. (ajronline.org)
PET imaging of the thorax/abdomen is significantly limited by poor spatial resolution due to voluntary as well as internal, i.e., cardiac and respiratory, motion. (harvard.edu)

MRI is based upon the science of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). (alchetron.com)
Cardiac MRI is complementary to other imaging techniques, such as echocardiography , cardiac CT and nuclear medicine . (alchetron.com)
The Magnetic Resonance techniques are exactly the same for evaluation of right and left cardiac chamber function, so that significant correlation with data obtained by echocardiography and nuclear medicine (currently accepted as non-invasive ''gold standards'') in regard to left ventricular function parameters implies that a similar level of clinical accuracy would apply for that of the right ventricle (despite no non-invasive gold standard being available for that structure). (upstate.edu)

I was awarded my PhD in Physics at the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, where I worked on a series of multi-disciplinary research contracts. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. (wikipedia.org)

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with modified reduced field of view (FOV) based on 2-dimensional (2D)-selective radiofrequency excitations by tilting the excitation plane in prostate with reduced FOV using parallel-transmit-accelerated 2D-selective radiofrequency excitation and single-shot echo planar imaging (ssEPI). (ewha.ac.kr)

My current research interests are focused on ultra high-resolution imaging and segmentation of deep brain structures like thalamus and hippocampus and the specificity of their involvement in pathology such as alcoholism, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and essential tremor. (umassmed.edu)

In the last 10-15 years, MR imaging techniques have been increasingly applied to the study of molecular displacement (diffusion) in biologic tissue [ 1 , 2 ]. (ajronline.org)
We then review techniques for acquiring relatively high-resolution diffusion-sensitive MR images and computer-based algorithms that allow the generation of white matter fiber tract maps from the tensor data. (ajronline.org)
MR Imaging Evaluation of the Kidneys in Patients with Reduced Kidney Function: Noncontrast Techniques Versus Contrast-Enhanced Techniques. (umassmed.edu)

To compare visual attention performances and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) between subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to discover neuronal substrates related to visual attention performances. (frontiersin.org)

Fully automated calculation of image-derived input function in simultaneous PET/MRI in a sheep model. (mpg.de)
Simultaneous T(1) and B(1) (+) mapping using reference region variable flip angle imaging. (umassmed.edu)
Simultaneous PET-MR is a novel and promising imaging modality that is generating substantial interest in the medical community and offers the scientific community many challenges and opportunities. (harvard.edu)

Certain atomic nuclei can absorb and emit radio frequency energy when placed in an external magnetic field . (alchetron.com)

An embedded optical tracking system for motion-corrected magnetic resonance imaging at 7T. (mpg.de)

As the protons line up with the magnetic field again, they release energy (called signals). (msdmanuals.com)
Hydrogen (ie, protons) is the most common magnetic resonance (MR)-observable nucleus in the human body and has the advantage of being present in many different tissues in different concentrations. (medscape.com)

First, energy from an oscillating magnetic field is temporarily applied to the patient at the appropriate resonance frequency. (wikipedia.org)

While MRI is most prominently used in diagnostic medicine and biomedical research, it also may be used to form images of non-living objects, such as mummies. (wikipedia.org)
Thanks to a Wellcome Trust VIP Fellowship and a RCUK Academic Fellowship I then moved to the School of Medicine, where I am now Professor in Gastrointestinal Imaging at the Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre (NDDC) within the Translational Medical Sciences academic unit. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. (lu.se)

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability, test-retest precision, and accuracy of the standard word-generation paradigms for fMR imaging. (ajnr.org)
This document summarizes recommendations for the clinical and imaging work-up of pancreatic and biliary tract lesions along with indications for cytologic study of these lesions. (cytojournal.com)

MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. (wikipedia.org)

Recent work with noninvasive human brain imaging has started to investigate the effects of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on large-scale patterns of brain activity. (researchgate.net)

A computer is used to analyze the signals and produce images. (msdmanuals.com)
The energy is released from the excited tissue over a short period according to 2 relaxation constants known as T1 and T2, and the emitted energy signals are converted into images. (medscape.com)
The contrasts in the images result from different intensities of these emitted signals, which in turn result from different concentrations of the nuclei in different tissues in the body. (medscape.com)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke and is sensitive and relatively specific in detecting changes that occur after such strokes. (medscape.com)
In addition, see eMedicineHealth's patient education articles Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Stroke. (medscape.com)

Conclusions The modified reduced FOV DWI showed better overall image quality, differentiability of anatomic regions, and lesion conspicuity with fewer artifacts compared with DWI with reduced FOV and ssEPI. (ewha.ac.kr)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used to examine the neural connectivity and integrity of the white matter. (biomedcentral.com)

WVTS system functionality tests included measurements of reliability, delay and image quality. (degruyter.com)
Functionality measurements confirmed high connection reliability with stable image quality and no delays for all field strengths. (degruyter.com)
Optimal experimental design for filter exchange imaging: Apparent exchange rate measurements in the healthy brain and in intracranial tumors. (lu.se)

they absorb the radiofrequency energy of the magnetic field and then release it until they relax completely. (medscape.com)

Brain image reveals hippocampal atrophy, especially on the right side. (medscape.com)

Conclusion We conclude that wireless transmission of video streams into the MRI magnet room is feasible at all field strengths without hampering image quality. (degruyter.com)

The Brodmann areas activated during performance of word-generation tasks were tabulated in 34 consecutive patients referred for fMR imaging mapping of language areas. (ajnr.org)
In patients who underwent electrocortical stimulation (ECS) mapping of speech function during craniotomy while awake, the sites with speech function were compared with the locations of activation found during fMR imaging of word generation. (ajnr.org)

Three-dimensional dixon fat-water separated rapid breathheld imaging of myocardial infarction. (umassmed.edu)

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