Cdc20MAD2L1KinetochoresSpindle assembly checkpointMitosisCheckpointMps1MUTATIONStructuralDegradationInhibitsInteractsAnaphase-promotiActivatesCarrier ProteinsComplexMRNAMouse oocytesOverexpressionGenesCentromereInhibitionMetaphaseKinasesComplexesChromosome segregationProgressionInhibitorApoptosisMoleculesEnzymesAminoInterphaseUbiquitinRecruitmentHuman

Cdc2015

• There are several interactions that MAD2 shares with others, specifically, binding with Cdc20, in a vital protein-to-protein interaction. (prospecbio.com)
• Mad2 was shown to inhibit the activity of the APC by direct physical interaction in a ternary complex with Cdc20. (wikipedia.org)
• Kinetochores that remain unattached to microtubules catalyze the sequestration of Cdc20 by Mad2. (wikipedia.org)
• Binding partners of Mad2 include either Cdc20 or Mad1. (wikipedia.org)
• Mad1 and Cdc20 bind Mad2 in an identical fashion. (wikipedia.org)
• Mad2 uses the same site to bind either Mad1 or Cdc20 and, thus, can only bind one of the two proteins at a time. (wikipedia.org)
• Given that Mad1:Mad2 is a stable complex and Cdc20 and Mad1 bind Mad 2 in the very same binding site, it is highly unlikely that Closed Mad2 releases Mad1 to bind Cdc20. (wikipedia.org)
• A model, which accounts for Mad2 adopting a conformation capable of binding Cdc20, relies upon the formation of Mad1-Mad2 core complex first. (wikipedia.org)
• This Mad1:Mad2 interaction is thought to enable a conformational change which allows the peripherally bound Open Mad2 to interact with Cdc20. (wikipedia.org)
• Cdc20:Mad2 then dissociates and Mad1:Mad2 is enabled to bind a free cytosolic Mad2 again. (wikipedia.org)
• It is speculated that once formed, Cdc20:Mad2 complexes can amplify the anaphase wait signal by stimulating further conversion of cytosolic Open Mad2 and free Cdc20 into more Cdc20:Closed Mad2 complexes. (wikipedia.org)
• BubR1 and Bub3 can also form complexes with Cdc20, but it remains to be seen if these proteins facilitate Cdc20 binding to Open Mad2. (wikipedia.org)
• It is also quite unclear how p31comet antagonizes the checkpoint and promotes the dissociation of Mad2-Cdc20. (wikipedia.org)
• This phenotype is associated with interaction of E2 with the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) proteins Cdc20, MAD2 and BUBR1. (docksci.com)
• M2I-1 is a protein-protein interaction inhibitor targeting the binding of Mad2 to Cdc20, an essential proteinprotein interaction (PPI) within the SAC. (americanchemicalsuppliers.com)

MAD2L11

• The human orthologues of Mad2 (MAD2L1 and MAD2L2) were first cloned in a search for human cDNAs that would rescue the microtubule poison-sensitivity of a yeast strain in which a kinetochore binding protein was missing. (wikipedia.org)

Kinetochores7

• The primary function of MAD2 is to accumulate at kinetochores, and generate a wait signal that functions to prevent the cell from progressing to the anaphase of the cell cycle until the appropriate moment, and this is integral to the process. (prospecbio.com)
• The protein was shown to be present at unattached kinetochores and antibody inhibition studies demonstrated it was essential to execute a block in the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in response to the microtubule poison nocodazole. (wikipedia.org)
• In fact, when metaphase mammalian cells are treated with the spindle-depolymerizing agent nocodazole, Mad2 proteins become localized at the kinetochores of all sister-chromatid pairs. (wikipedia.org)
• Since unattached kinetochores establish and maintain the SAC, Mad2 is recruited to prevent these misaligned sister chromatids from separating. (wikipedia.org)
• Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
• The first of these is Bod1, a protein conserved throughout metazoans that associates with a large macromolecular complex and localizes with kinetochores and spindle poles during mitosis. (rupress.org)
• It interferes with chromosome alignment and overrides spindle assembly checkpoint and also Inhibits the recruitment of Mad1, Mad2 and centromere protein E (CENP-E) to kinetochores. (adooq.com)

Spindle assembly checkpoint3

• Eukaryotic mitotic-arrest-deficient 2 protein (MAD2), a key component of the mitotic-spindle-assembly checkpoint. (expasy.org)
• Stranglehold on the spindle assembly checkpoint: the human papillomavirus E2 protein provokes BUBR1-dependent aneuploidy. (docksci.com)
• Probing the in vivo function of Mad1:C-Mad2 in the spindle assembly checkpoint. (mpg.de)

Mitosis4

• The mitotic checkpoint protein hsMad2 is required to arrest cells in mitosis when chromosomes are unattached to the mitotic spindle. (columbia.edu)
• Ispinesib (SB-715992) is a potent inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein, a kinesin motor protein essential for the formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle and cell cycle progression through mitosis. (adooq.com)
• Monastrol blocks mitosis (IC5N/A = 14 μM) by binding to the mitotic kinesin Eg5, a motor protein required for spindle bipolarity. (adooq.com)
• In mitosis, the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 averts aneuploidy by delaying anaphase onset until chromosomes align. (ncl.ac.uk)

Checkpoint10

• MAD2, standing for mitotic arrest deficient 2, is a spindle checkpoint protein that plays an integral role in the human body. (prospecbio.com)
• This is integral to the whole process, and there is much to think about in the future by way of things like spindle checkpoint signaling, as well as the contribution of other proteins that play a role in the process. (prospecbio.com)
• Mad2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2) is an essential spindle checkpoint protein. (wikipedia.org)
• When the checkpoint/braking process is activated, Mad2 binds Mad1 to form Closed-Mad2-Mad1 complexes. (wikipedia.org)
• Much remains to be explained about spindle checkpoint signaling and the contribution of other spindle checkpoint assembly proteins such as Bub1, BubR1, and Bub3. (wikipedia.org)
• Here we report that deletion of one MAD2 allele results in a defective mitotic checkpoint in both human cancer cells and murine primary embryonic fibroblasts. (columbia.edu)
• MAD2 is a non-essential gene that encodes a component of the spindle checkpoint. (ucsd.edu)
• Mechanism for remodelling of the cell cycle checkpoint protein MAD2 by the ATPase TRIP13. (icr.ac.uk)
• To test this model, we have systematically recruited Mad1, Mad2, and Mps1 to most proteins in the yeast kinetochore, and find that, while Mps1 is sufficient for checkpoint activation, recruitment of either Mad1 or Mad2 is not. (figshare.com)
• Re-examination of siRNA specificity questions role of PICH and Tao1 in the spindle checkpoint and identifies Mad2 as a sensitive target for small RNAs. (mpg.de)

Mps13

• Mad1, Mad2, Mps1). (nih.gov)
• This recruitment is coordinated by the SAC kinase Mps1, which phosphorylates residues at the kinetochore to facilitate binding of Bub1, Bub3, Mad1, and Mad2. (figshare.com)
• These data indicate an important role for Mps1 phosphorylation in SAC activation, beyond the direct recruitment of Mad1 and Mad2. (figshare.com)

MUTATION3

• M-2420 is a fluorogenic substrate containing β-secretase site of the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein (APP). (americanchemicalsuppliers.com)
• The VHL syndrome is inherited by one mutation in the VHL protein that causes the protein's normal function to be lost or altered. (standardofcare.com)
• Sporadic mutation in the second copy of the VHL protein can lead to carcinomas, in particular hemangioblastomas affecting the liver and kidneys, renal and vaginal clear cell adenocarcinomas. (standardofcare.com)

Structural1

• Mad2 is capable of forming multimers and adopts at least two structural conformations. (wikipedia.org)

Degradation5

• We conclude that Mad2 delays the onset of cyclin B and securin degradation and averts aneuploidy during meiosis I in mammalian oocytes. (ncl.ac.uk)
• The main action of the VHL protein is ubiquitin ligase activity resulting in protein degradation. (standardofcare.com)
• I download The Dark proteins are exported with channels III and mandate, while degradation II employees well are cases IX and XI( Wess 2005). (familie-vos.de)
• Eicosanoids, followed, metabolic renal monomers, are invasive and essential splicing chains that are solar repeats generating download The Dark Art Of Death 1979, failure, protein, N-hydroxylation length myosin, arachidonic distribution degradation and peptide, and the fibroblast of postsynaptic book. (familie-vos.de)
• The APC/C is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that drives mitotic progression by promoting timely degradation of key regulatory proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibits1

• The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein, which inhibits the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes, is believed to have antioncogenic properties. (docksci.com)

Interacts2

• In addition to this interaction, MAD2 also interacts with Chk1, which is integral across multiple points of the cell cycle process, and this is one of the key interactions that plays a massive role in the process. (prospecbio.com)
• In the closed conformation, the safety belt wraps around the bound ligand and interacts with a different region of Mad2. (wikipedia.org)

Anaphase-promoti1

• Nelson, W.G. Retinoblastoma pathway dysregulation causes DNA methyltransferase 1 overexpression in cancer via MAD2-mediated inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Activates2

• This heterodimer of HIF activates genes that encode for proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin, proteins that are both involved in angiogenesis. (standardofcare.com)
• A homeobox protein and transcription factor that localizes to the cell nucleus where it activates expression of thyroid specific genes such as THYROGLOBULIN and the THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR. (bvsalud.org)

Carrier Proteins1

• The asymmetrical distribution of Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP drives cargo transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through karyopherins, a family of nuclear transport carrier proteins that bind to Ran-GTP. (nih.gov)

Complex3

• Eukaryotic HOP1, a conserved protein that is involved in meiotic- synaptonemal-complex assembly. (expasy.org)
• Much of our current work concerns the RanBP2 complex, which consists of RanBP2 (a large nucleoporin that is also known as Nup358), SUMO-1-conjugated RanGAP1 (the activating protein for the Ran GTPase), and Ubc9 (the conjugating enzyme for the SUMO family of ubiquitin-like modifiers). (nih.gov)
• Our current studies on this complex focus on functional dissection of the multiple domains within this large protein and on interacting proteins that may be essential for the function of the RanBP2 complex. (nih.gov)

MRNA4

• The analysis of TCGA database showed that a subgroup of colorectal tumors is characterized by gain/loss of TRAP1 copy number, this correlating with its mRNA and protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
• Investigating the proteinsresulting from mRNA translation would reveal how far the levels of functionally available proteins correlate with mRNAs and would offernovel insights into the changes oocytes undergo during maternal ageing. (gotomydoctor.com)
• Gene ontology (GO) semantic analysis revealed a high similarityof the detected proteome (2324 proteins) to the transcriptome (22 334 mRNAs), although not all proteins had a cognate mRNA. (gotomydoctor.com)
• We analysed maternal ageing of mouse oocytes on the protein level, using SILAC technology and high- However, searching these studies for culprits resolution MS, to define its signature at a level closer elicits a list of candidate genes that is quite short, to phenotype than mRNA. (gotomydoctor.com)

Mouse oocytes1

• Here we show that depletion of Mad2 in meiosis I mouse oocytes induced an increased incidence of aneuploidy. (ncl.ac.uk)

Overexpression1

• Proteolysis of cyclin B and securin commenced earlier in Mad2-depleted oocytes, resulting in a shortened duration of meiosis I. Furthermore, overexpression of Mad2 inhibited homolog disjunction. (ncl.ac.uk)

Genes2

• The Mad2 gene was first identified in the yeast S. cerevisiae in a screen for genes which when mutated would confer sensitivity to microtubule poisons. (wikipedia.org)
• Proteína homeótica y factor de transcripción que se localiza en el núcleo celular donde activa la expresión de genes tiroideos específicos como el de la TIROGLOBULINA y el RECEPTOR DE TIROTROPINA. (bvsalud.org)

Centromere2

• Bod1 depletion does not affect the activity or localization of Aurora B but does cause mislocalization of the microtubule depolymerase mitotic centromere- associated kinesin and prevents its efficient phosphorylation by Aurora B. Therefore, Bod1 is a novel kinetochore protein that is required for the detection or resolution of syntelic attachments in mitotic spindles. (rupress.org)
• GSK-923295, is a small-molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin centromere-associated protein E, (CENP-E). (adooq.com)

Inhibition1

• MIR21 Drives Resistance to Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Cholangiocarcinoma. (icr.ac.uk)

Metaphase1

• In tem1Δ cells expressing a Cnm67-Tem1 fusion protein, Cdc15-3HA (red) loads prematurely onto spindle pole bodies during metaphase as determined by spindle morphology (tubulin, green) and nuclear mor. (ucsd.edu)

Kinases3

• A screen profiling 158 kinase inhibitors (Calbiochem Protein Kinase Inhibitor Library I and II, catalogue numbers 539744 and 539745) for their inhibitory activity at 1µM and 10µM against 234 human recombinant kinases using the EMD Millipore KinaseProfiler TM service. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
• A screen profiling the inhibitory activity of 178 commercially available kinase inhibitors at 0.5µM against a panel of 300 recombinant protein kinases using the Reaction Biology Corporation Kinase Hotspot SM platform. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
• Quantitative Site-specific Phosphorylation Dynamics of Human Protein Kinases during Mitotic Progression. (mpg.de)

Complexes2

• Trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which consist of ca. thirty distinct proteins called nucleoporins. (nih.gov)
• Drosophila MCM protein complexes. (colorado.edu)

Chromosome segregation1

• The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)

Progression1

• Progression through the cell cycle is accompanied by dramatic changes in cellular content and behavior, and involves a large number of proteins and processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibitor4

• CW069 is an allosteric, and selective inhibitor of microtubule motor protein HSET with IC50 of 75 uM, significant selectivity over KSP. (adooq.com)
• ARQ 621 is an allosteric, and selective Eg5 mitotic motor protein inhibitor. (adooq.com)
• ARRY-520 R enantiomer is the R form of ARRY-520, which is a synthetic, small molecule kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM. (adooq.com)
• Mad2 Inhibitor-1.SMR0001940225-[4-(diisobutylamino)-3-nitrobenzylidene]-2-thioxodihydro-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione6063-97-4AC1METFSMLS003905101CHEMB. (americanchemicalsuppliers.com)

Apoptosis1

• TRAP1 is a HSP90 molecular chaperone upregulated in colorectal carcinomas and involved in control of intracellular signaling, cell cycle, apoptosis and drug resistance, stemness and bioenergetics through co-traslational regulation of a network of client proteins. (oncotarget.com)

Molecules1

• Scalar light instructions are able to assemble and maintain molecules of amino acids and proteins crucial to human and animal quantum health. (scalarlight.com)

Enzymes1

• Additionally, enzymes and micro-nutrients are likewise assembled as these nutrients serve to abet and catalyze the assembling of amino acids and proteins. (scalarlight.com)

Amino5

• In practice, the Scalar Light Amino Acid & Protein Program administers scalar light instructions in order to assemble and maintain amino acids and proteins inside the quantum body or scalar light force field. (scalarlight.com)
• Below are the lists of amino acids and proteins that are assembled by way of the Scalar Light Amino Acid and Protein Program. (scalarlight.com)
• The Scalar Light Amino Acid and Protein Program operates twenty-four (24) hours per day seven (7) days per week thereby assuring a constant creation and delivery of amino acids and proteins to the quantum, human body. (scalarlight.com)
• The Scalar Light Amino Acid & Protein Program administers scalar light upon photographs of people, animals, plants, and objects. (scalarlight.com)
• The HORMA domain (for HOP1, REV7 and MAD2) is an about 180-240 amino acids region containing several conserved motifs. (expasy.org)

Interphase1

• During interphase, several kinetochore proteins stably bind to NPCs (e.g. (nih.gov)

Ubiquitin1

• APCCdc20 is a ubiquitin-protein ligase that tags the protein, securin, for destruction. (wikipedia.org)

Recruitment2

• The mechanisms of DNA repair is closely coupled with the DNA damage response (DDR), which involves the recruitment and localization within distinct nuclear foci of DNA damage sensors, mediators, transducers and effector proteins ( Polo and Jackson 2011 ). (medium.com)
• The recruitment of the Mad1 and Mad2 proteins to the kinetochore is normally necessary for SAC activation. (figshare.com)

Human5

• Thus, the clinical significance of TRAP1 protein network was analyzed in human colorectal cancers. (oncotarget.com)
• Argani, P. LKB1 protein expression in human breast cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Sukumar, S. Epigenetic suppression of secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) expression in human breast cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Crystal structure of human dual specificity protein kinase (TTK). (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
• progenitors signal the non-motile mechanisms and proteins considered by the photosynthetic canonical conference-goers remain I and II plus conformational human cations of TGF-beta-mediated granulocyte( Bruckner 2010). (familie-vos.de)