• The vestibule is a region of the inner ear which contains the saccule and the utricle, each of which contain a macula to detect linear acceleration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The saccule is an almost globular-shaped sac that lies in the spherical recess on the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
  • The utricle is larger than the saccule and lies posterosuperiorly to it in the elliptical recess of the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
  • The vestibule houses the two static organs of equilibrium (saccule and utricle) as well as the cristae in the semicircular canals. (cdc.gov)
  • Its ampulla is placed inferiorly, and opens into the lower and back part of the vestibule, where may be seen about six or eight small apertures (macula cribrosa inferior), for the transmission of the nerves to this ampulla. (co.ma)
  • The vestibule contains two communicating sacs (utricle and saccule) of the balancing apparatus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The vestibule shelters two membranous elements: the saccule and the utricle, which contain, in a localised part of their wall, a sensory epithelium, the macula. (vestib.org)
  • The mammalian inner ear contains sensory organs, the organ of Corti in the cochlea and cristae and maculae in the vestibule, with each comprised of patterned sensory epithelia that are responsible for hearing and balance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its anterior part exhibits an oval thickening, the macula of saccule (or saccular macula), to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the acoustic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The saccular macula is an elliptical thickened area of sensory epithelium that lies on the anterior vertical wall of the saccule. (medscape.com)
  • The utricle communicates with the saccule through the utriculosaccular duct from which the endolymphatic duct arises. (lecturio.com)
  • The saccule and the utricle are connected via the utriculosaccular duct to which the fine endloymphatic duct connects. (vestib.org)
  • Ventral to the mid-level of the presumptive utricle, Otx1 and Otx2 were co-expressed, in regions such as the saccule and cochlea. (biologists.com)
  • The utricle and the saccule also possess a sensory end organ, the macula, which has neurosensory hair cells and otoliths. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Within the utricle and saccule, otoliths (small calcium carbonate crystals, also termed otoconia ) are located adjacent to hair cells clustered in macular regions. (mhmedical.com)
  • The otoliths displace the hair cell processes and excite the utricle and saccule in response to horizontal and vertical acceleration. (mhmedical.com)
  • To further study this and gain insight into specific details of the differential motion of the otolith relative to the sensory macula when incident sounds arrive from different directions, three-dimensional finite element models were constructed based on the micro-computed tomography imaging of the sagittal otoliths of the bight redfish ( Centroberyx gerrardi ). (aip.org)
  • The results suggest that the angle of sound energy arrivals at the otoliths and the geometry of the otolith lead to different magnitudes of the differential motion between the macula and otoliths, with sound arriving in the vertical potentially creating more damage than the same sound arriving from the horizontal. (aip.org)
  • The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)
  • The otolithic membrane overlies each macula and is composed of numerous filaments and has a high content of acid mucopolysaccharides. (cdc.gov)
  • it includes the specialized sensory areas located within the saccule and the utricle (see Fig 17-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
  • The utriculus generates conjugate and the sacculus disjunctive torsional eye movements. (tno.nl)
  • The macula of saccule lies in a nearly vertical position. (wikipedia.org)
  • The receptor called the macula is a thickening in the wall of both the utricle and the saccule that responds to changes in linear acceleration and the force of gravity. (digitalhistology.org)
  • So both the sacculus and the utriculus are stimulated, but in the litera-ture ocular torsion is normally attributed to utricular function alone (and thus seen as a response to y-axis linear acceleration). (tno.nl)
  • However, on the base of a series of experiments on a tilt chair, a linear track, human centrifuges, and during parabolic flights, we conclude that the sacculus contribu-tes to ocular torsion as well (there is a response to z-axis linear acceleration). (tno.nl)
  • When someone is tilted laterally the sheer force on the maculae of the utriculus and the sacculus is described by the sine and the cosine of the angle of tilt, respectively. (tno.nl)
  • It should be better called sacculo-muscular response, because identification "evoked potential" is mostly related to brain potentials. (happyvertigo.com)
  • The macula of the utricle is in a horizontal position and detects horizontal acceleration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the utricle and saccule, the sensory cells are arranged in a flat plate of cells called a macula. (cdc.gov)
  • The maculae of the utricle and saccule are nearly perpendicular to one another. (cdc.gov)
  • An otolith organ has two endolymph filled sacs, the utricle and saccule. (avmed.in)
  • The portions of the membranous labyrinth housed within the vestibule are the utricle and saccule, each containing a macula, the receptor for linear acceleration and gravity. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The endolymphatic duct begins as two ducts from the utricle and saccule in the vestibule and terminates in a sac-like ending between the meninges of the brain. (digitalhistology.org)
  • ōt′ŏ-lith″) [ oto- + Gr. lithos, stone] Microscopic crystals of calcium carbonate embedded within the gelatinous otolithic membrane of the maculae of the utricle and saccule of the inner ear. (mhmedical.com)
  • The maculae of utricle and saccule are present but cells appear sparse and misplaced. (xenbase.org)
  • The otolithic membrane overlies each macula and is composed of numerous filaments and has a high content of acid mucopolysaccharides. (cdc.gov)
  • A macula contains numerous receptor cells called hair cells, from which numerous stereocilia (long microvilli) and a single kinocilium (a true cilium) extend into a glycoprotein gel, the otolithic membrane. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Changes in linear motion cause the otolithic membrane to move forward and backward in the utricle or up and down in the saccule. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • However, iodine stained samples of cichlids [ 5 ] did not provide a sufficient contrast to discriminate otolith, otolithic membrane, maculae, and innervating nerve fibers of the VIII th cranial nerve. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diprotodontids and also monotremes tend to be delivered with all the vestibular device at most mature condition for your non-eutherians (semicircular waterways produced, maculae present, but vestibular nuclei inside the brainstem not even classified). (nadph-oxidasesignaling.com)
  • Graded potentials in the hair cells of the maculae and cristae result in changes in the amounts of neurotransmitter secreted. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear, innervates the receptors of the inner ear, the organ of Corti, the maculae, and the cristae ampullares. (digitalhistology.org)
  • In each of the end organs, the sensory epithelium (macula) is overlain by a massive calcium carbonate biomineralisate, the otolith. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kinocilia occurs in the inner surface of hollow organs such as bronchioles, Fallopian tubes, trachea, ependymal epithelium, and uterus, while stereocilia occur in the epididymis, Crista, Vas Deferens, and macula of the internal ear. (pediaa.com)
  • Furthermore, kinocilia occur in the crista ampullaris of the utricle's and saccule's semicircular ducts and sensory maculae. (pediaa.com)
  • This lies below the semicircular ducts and contain plate-like congregations of sensory cells - the maculae. (avmed.in)
  • While a number of studies have illustrated and analyzed 3D models of inner ears in higher vertebrates, inner ears in fishes have rarely been investigated in 3D, especially with regard to the sensory epithelia of the end organs, the maculae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are two otolith organs on each side of the head: those of the utricle lie in an approximately horizontal plane when the head is in a normal upright position, and those of the saccule lie in the vertical plane. (avmed.in)
  • Maculae are characterized by orientation patterns of ciliary bundles of the sensory hair cells, i.e. the morphologically and physiologically polarized ciliary bundles form differently oriented groups on the macula. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This in turn means that orientation patterns are obtained, shown, and compared between species in a purely two dimensionally way irrespective of the natural curvature of the maculae in the ear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The saccule contains small nerve endings called macula and a small tissue cap called otolith which contains calcium carbonate or 'sand-like' particles called octane. (breadannebutters.org)
  • When the head head till, the small particles within the octonia shift and stimulate the small hair-like nerve endings of the macula. (breadannebutters.org)
  • The macula is a small patch of hair cells and their supporting cells contained within the saccule and the utricle. (studybuff.com)
  • In both the utricular and saccular maculae, the cells are grouped together in an irregular saucer-shaped area and are covered with a gelatinous layer, the outer surface of which is invested with small calcium carbonate crystals. (avmed.in)
  • Comparison with maculae that have been 3D reconstructed based on histological serial sections and phalloidin-stained maculae showed high congruence in overall shape of the maculae studied here. (biomedcentral.com)