Macrophage cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thus, there remains an unmet need for cost-effective methods for generating and/or differentiating primary cells into a HAM phenotype, particularly important for translational and clinical studies. (genengnews.com)
We developed cell culture conditions that mimic the lung alveolar environment in humans using lung lipids, that is, Infasurf (calfactant, natural bovine surfactant) and lung-associated cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin 10) that facilitate the conversion of blood-obtained monocytes to an AM-like (AML) phenotype and function in tissue culture. (genengnews.com)
A more tissue-centric view of these processes, claiming that the tissues define phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating immune cells to meet tissues needs during homeostasis and disease, seems provocative [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
For example, organs like the lung and the liver are exposed to pathogen components from the air or from the gut barrier, respectively, which explains the predominance of a macrophage phenotype that has a higher capacity for phagocytic clearance of pathogen components. (hindawi.com)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized to the M2 phenotype promote tumor cell proliferation and are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with high grade glioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
OA significantly inhibited the expression of CD163, one of the phenotype markers of M2 macrophages, as well as suppressed the secretion of IL-10, one of the anti-inflammatory cytokines preferentially produced by M2 macrophages, thus suggesting that OA suppresses the M2 polarization of macrophages. (spandidos-publications.com)
Fujiwara Y, Komohara Y, Kudo R, Tsurushima K, Ohnishi K, Ikeda T and Takeya M: Oleanolic acid inhibits macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype and glioblastoma cell proliferation by suppressing the activation of STAT3. (spandidos-publications.com)
Here, we show that successful treatment of cervical carcinoma in mouse models with synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines induced influx of cytokine-producing CD8 T cells that strongly altered the numbers and phenotype of intratumoral macrophages. (aacrjournals.org)
Intestinal macrophages display a "tolerant" phenotype, poorly responsive to toll like receptor (TLR) ligands (vital to avoid triggering inflammatory responses while scavenging commensal bacteria) whilst maintaining a homeostatic environment via IL-10 and PGE 2 production ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the context of acute kidney injury, M-CSF has been implicated in promoting repair following injury, but also been described in an opposing role, driving proliferation of a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
They spatially co-localise with macrophages and regulate their polarization and function, promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype, in-part via interleukin-10 production, with effects on bacterial clearance during urinary tract infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Within tumours, macrophages generally adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype and are associated with poor clinical prognosis. (ox.ac.uk)

Using interleukin (IL)-33 receptor knockout mice and in vitro experiments, we show that basophils establish a lung-specific function imprinted by IL-33 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), characterized by unique signaling of cytokines and growth factors important for stromal, epithelial, and myeloid cell fates. (nih.gov)
In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
There is evidence that 2D or 3D culturing conditions have an impact on the cells' secretome, and here we aimed to compare the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in human MSCs from different sources cultured in 2D and 3D conditions and assess their effect on human macrophages polarization in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Through mechanisms that have not yet been well elucidated, this impairment in cytotoxic function leads to an excessive expansion and activation of cytotoxic cells, with hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). (medscape.com)
These cytokines are produced by activated T cells and histiocytes that infiltrate all tissue and lead to tissue necrosis and organ failure. (medscape.com)
Here, we show that MM-derived macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) stimulates bone marrow stromal cells to produce the disease critical cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, prior to any cell-cell contact. (biomedcentral.com)
The elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., interleukin [IL] 6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and immunomodulatory cytokines (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Oncolytic viruses present the possibility for non-specific stimulation of TAMs, and also the option for tumour-targeted expression of cytokines chosen specifically to modulate macrophage activation. (ox.ac.uk)

Our data extended prior observations of Sia + IgG on DC function and showed that Sia + IgG was able to differentially modulate multiple pathways in monocytes and macrophages. (scirp.org)
Parent cells in the lineage that gives rise to MONOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. (ouhsc.edu)
These cells include a subset of helper T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Solid tumors pose significant challenges for immunotherapies including those employing phagocytic macrophages as effector cells. (aiche.org)
Aggregation of phagocytic macrophages within clusters and the nonlinear dependence of the cluster growth rate on macrophage number suggest that macrophages may exhibit cooperativity in engulfing solid tumor targets, which resembles the foreign body response to biomaterials in some ways. (aiche.org)
M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Raji cells, HT-29 cells, and HL-60 cells which highly express CD47 were used as target cells to evaluate a pro-phagocytic activity of AK117 as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-EGFR antibody, anti-CD20 antibody or azacitidine. (bmj.com)
The pro-phagocytic activity against tumor cells. (bmj.com)
A) The phagocytic index of raji cells by macrophages with AK117. (bmj.com)
B) The phagocytic index of HL-60 cells by macrophages with AK117 and azacitidine. (bmj.com)
C) The phagocytic index of HT-29 cells by macrophages with AK117 and cetuximab. (bmj.com)
Melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) consist of macrophages, such as phagocytic cells and fragments, mainly erythrocytes and pigments, such as melanin, hemosiderin and lipofuscin, located in the reticuloendothelial liver tissue, kidney and pancreas ( Agius and Roberts, 2003 AGIUS, C. (scielo.br)
Phagocytic macrophages play an important role in defending against virus infection and they provide an important barrier that can limit the delivery of therapeutic viruses from the injection to the tumour. (ox.ac.uk)

Previous work suggested that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are resistant and unresponsive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
We previously revealed that corosolic acid, a triterpenoid compound, inhibits the M2 polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. (frontiersin.org)
Our work suggests that strategies targeting macrophage-mediated monocyte recruitment may represent a promising approach for limiting the chronic inflammation that characterises IBD. (frontiersin.org)
Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
The role of M-CSF is not only restricted to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. (wikipedia.org)
Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells" by people in this website by year, and whether "Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)

The same applies to the bone marrow that requires macrophages for the clearance of the nuclei that get expelled from erythroblasts during their maturation towards erythrocytes [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
In the 1980's, Arnold Caplan and his colleagues published an isolation method of fibroblast-like stromal cells from bone marrow and first identified them as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because of their multilineage differentiation potential ( Caplan, 1991 ). (frontiersin.org)
M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Histopathologic criterion: Evidence of macrophage hemophagocytosis is found in the bone marrow aspirate sample. (medscape.com)
Here, we investigate the function of MM-derived MIF in the MM microenvironment by examining its effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). (biomedcentral.com)
A study in Nature suggests epitope editing in donor stem cells prior to bone marrow transplants can stave off toxicity when targeting acute myeloid leukemia with immunotherapy. (genomeweb.com)

The findings are published in mBio in an article titled, " A new tractable method for generating human alveolar macrophage-like cells in vitro to study lung inflammatory processes and diseases . (genengnews.com)
Macrophages (Mφs) are the critical regulators involved in initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammatory response throughout the tissue regenerative process. (frontiersin.org)
Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
Our findings suggest that umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media demonstrated the highest cytokine and growth factor levels and despite mostly pro-inflammatory cytokine profile were able to promote anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
Umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media hold great potential for therapeutic use, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-activated M0 macrophages can be activated toward pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, thus playing important and diverse roles at all stages of inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs have been shown to suppress both the transition of human macrophages from the M0 to M1 state and the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages already polarized into the M1 state [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Myeloid cell populations isolated from colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or murine dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls. (frontiersin.org)
Cell surface sensors on immune cells that ordinarily recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by infectious agents may also interact with DAMPs, leading to the activation of signaling pathways resulting in a nonpathogen-induced 'sterile' inflammatory response. (nature.com)
Immune cell responses induced by DAMPs may include cytokine and chemokine release to activate inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. (nature.com)
Thus, our data reveal a critical role for tissue-resident B cells in determining the homeostatic 'inflammatory set-point' of myeloid cells, with important consequences for tissue immunity. (ox.ac.uk)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we examined peritoneal inflammatory cell patterns to determine their concordance with selected enhanced genes. (biomedcentral.com)
It is perhaps a paradox that the peritoneum which is organized to protect the integrity of intraabdominal organs by facilitating infiltration of inflammatory cells to sites of injury and infection, might also serve to facilitate the promotion of tumor growth and spread. (biomedcentral.com)
The peritoneum and its extension, the intestinal serosa, include a vast surface area for transit of inflammatory cells into the abdominal cavity. (biomedcentral.com)

MSCs are reported to contribute both to the inflammation initiation and to its resolution via complex cross talk with immune cells, most importantly macrophages [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of macrophages into different states is a finely tuned process essential for proper resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. (biomedcentral.com)
The findings link tissue inflammation, stromal cell-mediated collagen crosslinking and stiffening to tumour aggression and identify lysyl hydroxylase 2 as a stromal biomarker. (escholarship.org)
Macrophages are pivotal in coordinating a range of important processes in the intestines, including controlling intracellular infections and limiting damaging inflammation against the microbiota. (frontiersin.org)
Previous studies have shown the accumulation of human CD14 Hi or CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in the GI tract lamina propria (LP) during inflammation ( 2 , 6 , 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
It's these microenvironmental components - ignored by standard single-cell workflows - that likely determine how macrophages, for example, react to inflammation and form treatment resistant HIV reservoirs. (ox.ac.uk)
The presence of asbestos fibers in the lungs sets off a variety of responses leading to inflammation, cell, and tissue damage, which can lead to malignant and non-malignant diseases. (cdc.gov)
Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation). (cdc.gov)
Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation induced by TNF-α). (cdc.gov)
Acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical and life -threatening illness that causes severe dyspnea , and respiratory distress and is often caused by a variety of direct or indirect factors that damage the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelial cells , leading to inflammation factors and macrophage infiltration. (bvsalud.org)
In this review , we provide a brief overview of miRNA expression in ALI/ARDS and summarize recent research on the mechanism and pathways by which miRNAs respond to macrophage polarization, inflammation , and apoptosis . (bvsalud.org)

Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute report they have created a new cell culture model for human alveolar macrophages in the lab. (genengnews.com)
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are unique lung resident cells that contact airborne pathogens and environmental particulates," wrote the researchers. (genengnews.com)
Human alveolar macrophages have been challenging to study because they reside deep in the lungs and are hard to access. (genengnews.com)
We are mimicking the alveolar environment in cell culture. (genengnews.com)
The generated cells are 94% genetically similar to human alveolar macrophages collected from lung washes. (genengnews.com)
I am excited to see the full potential of the alveolar macrophage-like cells and if they can be integrated into next-generation lung organoids," Schlesinger added. (genengnews.com)
Antibody-depletion strategies, diphtheria toxin-mediated selective depletion of basophils, and co-culture studies show that lung resident basophils are important regulators of alveolar macrophage development and function. (nih.gov)
That is, when alveolar macrophages attempt to engulf and fail to digest an asbestos fiber, they release lysosomal contents into the alveolar space [NIOSH 2011a]. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity specifically of respirable particles on a model of human alveolar macrophages (THP-1). (cdc.gov)

Analyzing 818 ligand-receptor interaction pairs within and between cell lineages, we identify broadly interacting cells, including AT2, innate lymphocytes (ILCs), and basophils. (nih.gov)
[ 1 , 2 ] Macrophage activation syndrome is characterized by pancytopenia, liver insufficiency, coagulopathy, and neurologic symptoms and is thought to be caused by the activation and uncontrolled proliferation of T lymphocytes and well-differentiated macrophages, leading to widespread hemophagocytosis and cytokine overproduction. (medscape.com)
The cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) and CD8 + T lymphocytes is mediated by the release of cytolytic granules, which contain perforin, granzymes, and other serinelike proteases, to the target cells. (medscape.com)
Several independent genetic loci related to the release of cytolytic granules have been associated with FHLH, and mutations at this level cause a severe impairment of cytotoxic function of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in patients with FHLH. (medscape.com)
LYMPHOCYTES (B and T cells) derive continuously from the same multipotential stem cells that produce myeloid cells, including erythrocytes, granulocytes and macrophages. (pasteur.fr)
Although such swabs are likely to be contaminated with lymphocytes from the tonsils or pharynx, the authors noted that the virus was also found in cell-free supernatants. (cdc.gov)

Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)
Dendritic cells and macrophages have been attributed with stimulatory capacity for in vivo and in vitro immune responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
Therefore, the differential ability of dendritic cells and macrophages (splenic adherent cells [SACs]) to stimulate pancreatic islet allograft rejection in reversed alloxan-induced diabetic rats was examined. (diabetesjournals.org)

We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
There is a growing body of evidence that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells' (MSCs') remarkable therapeutic potential is attributed not only to their differentiation and regenerative capacity, but also to the paracrine effect, underlying their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Proportions of CD68+ cells and CD3+ cells that coexpressed MO/MA differentiation factors (CD163, CCR1, CXCR8, VCAM1, and phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A 2 [pcPLA 2 ]), which had demonstrated expression in EOC peritoneal samples, were determined by multicolor immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs ( miRNA ) are conserved, endogenous, short non- coding RNAs composed of 18-25 nucleotides that serve as potential markers for many diseases and are involved in various biological processes , including cell proliferation , apoptosis , and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

Macrophages and giant cells composed of macrophages are abundant in many neoplasms, but it is unknown whether they can phagocytose target cancer cells that adhere to one another or whether phagocytosis can outcompete proliferation. (aiche.org)
Furthermore, OA inhibited the proliferation of U373 human glioblastoma cells, and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in both human macrophages and glioblastoma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results indicate that OA suppresses the M2 polarization of macrophages and tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting STAT3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Effects of 72 h treatment with Vitamin D-binding Protein-derived Macrophage-activating Factor (DBP-MAF) on MCF-7 cell proliferation. (iiarjournals.org)
A: Assessment of cell proliferation by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT)-based assay. (iiarjournals.org)
B: Assessment of cell proliferation by cell counting. (iiarjournals.org)

We noted direct coculturing increased stemness among CSC populations and induced both M1 (CD80 and HLA-DR) and M2 (CD163) tumor associated macrophage polarization. (springer.com)
These studies suggest that there is a bi-directional crosstalk between macrophages and CSCs that promotes stemness renewal and tumor associated macrophage polarization. (springer.com)

Here, we demonstrate that upon phagocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, MDMs are activated and secrete IL-6 and TNF. (nature.com)
Background AK117 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD47 which widely expresses on innate immune cells, such as macrophages, and functions as a regulator of phagocytosis. (bmj.com)
CD47 serves as the ligand for a receptor on these innate immune cells, SIRPα, which in turn delivers an inhibitory signal for phagocytosis. (bmj.com)
AK117 alone or combines with anti-EGFR antibody, anti-CD20 antibody and azacitidine shows potent phagocytosis of tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner (figure 2). (bmj.com)
OBJECTIVE: To study the phagocytosis of macrophages on the early biofilm cells of E. coli on polydimethylsiloxane, a biomaterial with different surface hardness. (syr.edu)
CFU cell counting, flow cytometry and inverted fluorescence microscope were used to detect the difference in macrophages Phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells on surface hardness materials. (syr.edu)
CFU cell count was applied to detect macrophages phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells on materials with different surface hardness. (syr.edu)
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bacteria were inoculated first and then macrophages were added to the experiment: CFU cell count, flow cytometry technology and inverted fluorescence microscope detection showed that as the surface hardness of the material increased, the phagocytosis of macrophages increased and the number of E. coli biofilm cells decreased. (syr.edu)
2) Macrophages were inoculated first and then bacteria were added to the experiment: CFU cell count test showed that as the surface hardness of the material increased, the phagocytosis of macrophages increased and the number of bacterial cells decreased. (syr.edu)
3) The results show that with the increase of the hardness of polydimethylsiloxane, the efficiency of macrophages phagocytosis of E. coli biofilm cells is higher. (syr.edu)
The process of a cell ingesting a microorganism, another cell, or cell fragments is called phagocytosis, and cells that ingest are called phagocytes. (msdmanuals.com)

Micropipette aspiration rheology of cell clusters and freshly isolated mouse tumors revealed viscoelasticity and cell cohesion in both tissues. (aiche.org)
An immune-centric view assumes that a particular priming of phagocytes then causes a particular type of pathology in target tissues, conceptually similar to antigen-specific T-cell priming. (hindawi.com)
Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
All solid organs and most other tissues harbor a network of DC or macrophages (Table 1 ). (hindawi.com)
These tissues harbour the highest number of tumour-associated macrophages, whose therapeutic ablation in experimental models reduced metastasis, and decreased collagen crosslinks and stromal stiffening. (escholarship.org)
Resting macrophages, which are abundant in normal tissues and participate in homeostasis, have not been found to express FRβ. (biomedcentral.com)
10 9 apoptotic events occurring per day in human adult tissues, it is surprisingly difficult to histologically detect apoptotic cells due to the rapid recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. (nature.com)
Although similar methods have detected committed pre-B cells in mouse fetal liver, earlier progenitors with additional non-B lineage options have not been demonstrated in normal tissues. (pasteur.fr)
Tissue-resident B cells are present in neonatal tissues and also in germ-free mice NLOs, albeit in lower numbers than in specific pathogen-free mice and following co-housing with 'pet-store' mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Acquired Immunity One of the body's lines of defense ( immune system) involves white blood cells (leukocytes) that travel through the bloodstream and into tissues, searching for and attacking microorganisms and. (msdmanuals.com)
Monocytes become macrophages when they move from the bloodstream to the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages stay in the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

In fact, in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, massive infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells, including activated macrophages, was detected in infected lung tissue. (nature.com)
Abundant macrophage infiltration of solid cancers commonly correlates with poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)

It is critical to study tissue-specific cells to better understand mechanisms of health and disease, and to screen potential new therapies," said Texas Biomed professor Larry Schlesinger, MD, and senior author of the paper. (genengnews.com)
Together, our study demonstrates how whole-tissue signaling interaction map on the single-cell level can broaden our understanding of cellular networks in health and disease. (nih.gov)
Macrophages are part of the immune system and are associated with tissue repair. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
During the last decades, research has focused on the cell-type-specific properties of these cells in culture, which then led to an immunocentric view of their role in disease like if they were primed like T cells to infiltrate target organs to cause tissue damage and drive progressive scaring [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this paper we apply the tissue-centric perspective to discuss the role of resident and infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in different organs. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
This slightly different perspective may somewhat shape our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity and tissue pathology but certainly also raise new questions for future research. (hindawi.com)
Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown as a novel approach in tissue regeneration, the therapeutic potential of MSCs mediated by the interaction between MSC-derived paracrine mediators and Mφs remains elusive. (frontiersin.org)
That more dendritic cells were required to stimulate rejection in reversed diabetic recipients compared with nondiabetic recipients suggests that other factors, such as the diabetic state and the production of a tolerant status achieved by larger amounts of grafted tissue, may influence graft survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
Data from nonhuman primate models and human autopsy cases suggest that EVD severity is not a direct effect of tissue damage resulting from destruction of infected cells because only foci of necrosis are observed ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Tissue-resident B cells orchestrate macrophage polarisation and function. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we identify, using intravenous labeling and parabiosis, a bona-fide tissue-resident B cell population in lung, liver, kidney and urinary bladder, a substantial proportion of which are B-1a cells. (ox.ac.uk)

The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. (wikipedia.org)
This type of hyperinflammatory state is reminiscent of 2 rheumatologic disorders known as macrophage activation syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which are characterized by macrophage and T-cell activation. (cdc.gov)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to the underlying reason for cancer initiation, metastasis, and relapse. (springer.com)
Tumor-promoting functions of macrophages include angiogenesis, metastasis formation, and suppression of Th1-type immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)

Tetrahydrobiopterin is required for cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264). (aspetjournals.org)
The results presented here support previous suggestions, based on experiments with isolated enzymes, that BH4 is absolutely required for cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages and they suggest that only a small fraction of the total intracellular BH4 pool in macrophages is utilized in the production of fully active nitric oxide synthase. (aspetjournals.org)
In these studies, the research team successfully used Imaris to visualize the long-standing interactions between CD169+ macrophages and iNKT cells and found very fast iNKT activation and cytokine secretion. (labbulletin.com)
M-CSF is a cytokine, being a smaller protein involved in cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
To investigate the effects of MIF secretion by MM on its microenvironment, we used cytokine arrays to establish if cytokine changes occur when MM cells are cultured with primary BMSC. (biomedcentral.com)
c Representative ( n = 3) Human XL cytokine array output after a 24-h incubation in either mono or co-culture, cell supernatant was used for analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, our in vitro and in vivo models utilizing gene-edited cells, monoclonal antibodies for opsonization and checkpoint blockade, and cell therapy begin to define the parameters required for successful immunotherapy of solid tumors including (i) macrophage density, (ii) inhibitory checkpoint disruption, and (iii) IgG-opsonization. (aiche.org)
Strikingly, complete regressions of large established tumors depended on the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that were induced by this immunotherapy, because a small-molecule drug inhibitor targeting CSF-1R diminished the number of intratumoral macrophages and abrogated the complete remissions. (aacrjournals.org)
CD68+ MO/MA, the most commonly represented population, and CD3+ T cells were present more often in EOC than in benign pelvic tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264 constitutively synthesizes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor required for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids and for the production of nitric oxide. (aspetjournals.org)

Importantly, activated MDMs in turn mediate strong activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), leading to the secretion of high levels of IFN-α and TNF. (nature.com)
m909 was not only able to select FRβ positive, activated macrophages from synovial fluid cells of arthritis patients as efficiently as folate, but also able to mediate ADCC in FRβ positive cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to RFC and PCFT, a limited number of cells express folate receptors (FRs) that can mediate unidirectional transportation of folates into cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that macrophages can eliminate melanoma cells in vitro from rapidly proliferating clusters formed on non-adhesive materials. (aiche.org)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated with FRβ positive CHO cells as target cells and isolated peripheral blood monocytes as effector cells in an in vitro assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages were then treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media and their effect on macrophages polarization was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
Advancements in understanding the role of microRnas in regulating macrophage polarization during acute lung injury. (bvsalud.org)
The characteristics of each pathway are also summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating macrophage polarization during ALI/ARDS. (bvsalud.org)

Macrophages form the largest component of the intestinal mononuclear phagocyte system and play a pivotal role in mediating immune homeostasis ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
It has recently been shown that murine intestinal macrophages are continually repopulated from circulating blood monocytes, identified by expression of the cell surface markers Ly6C, CCR2, and CD62L ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, the functions of mature intestinal macrophages and recruited monocytes are strikingly different. (frontiersin.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

1 × 10 6 MM.1S-luc cells (ShE control n = 10, and ShMIF n = 7) were injected via the tail vein of 6-8-week-old NSG mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Further, once within the colon and relative to other myeloid cells, monocytes represent the dominant local source of both IL-1β and TNF. (frontiersin.org)

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been shown to interact with PIK3R2. (wikipedia.org)

Lung development and function arises from the interactions between diverse cell types and lineages. (nih.gov)
Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we characterize the cellular composition of the lung during development and identify vast dynamics in cell composition and their molecular characteristics. (nih.gov)

However, both IgG opsonization and disruption of the macrophage checkpoint ligand CD47 by CRISPR knockout or antibody blockade were required to achieve elimination. (aiche.org)
HIV preferentially infects and replicates in cells expressing the CD4 molecule, the ligand for viral attachment and subsequent cell entry (1). (cdc.gov)

A classification that sufficiently covers their phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity during homeostasis and disease does not yet exist because cell culture-based phenotypes often do not match those found in vivo . (hindawi.com)
Although this binary classification does not take into account the variety of subcategories of macrophages phenotypes [ 2 ], it can be useful for studying the mechanisms of macrophage viability and activity regulation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Single-cell RNA-Seq can be a valuable and unbiased tool to dissect cellular heterogeneity, despite the transcriptome's limitations in describing higher functional phenotypes and protein events. (ox.ac.uk)
By combining single-cell culture, live-cell imaging, and single-cell sequencing, we have demonstrated the ability to study cell phenotypes and microenvironmental influences. (ox.ac.uk)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subset of the tumor population and reside at the apex of the hierarchy [ 9 ]. (springer.com)
Almost all patients with GBM relapse within a narrow margin around the initial resected lesion due to postsurgery residual glioma stem cells (GSCs). (nih.gov)
Tri- and bipotential myeloid intermediates between the multipotential stem cells and later unipotential cells have been identified using clonal methods in culture. (pasteur.fr)
In 2008, Spanish doctors performed the world's first stem cell engineered windpipe transplant in a woman using a donor trachea and the woman's own stem cells. (hairlosscure2020.com)
However, two days ago, Spanish scientists (from the previously mentioned cancer research institute CNIO) led by Dr. Mirna Perez-Moreno and Dr. Donatello Castellana published a groundbreaking hair loss research related paper in the PLOS Biology journal titled "Macrophages contribute to the cyclic activation of adult hair follicle stem cells. (hairlosscure2020.com)
Macrophages (a type of white blood cell) can activate adult hair follicle stem cells. (hairlosscure2020.com)

GCs were shown to have a protective influence, sparing macrophages from toxin-induced cell death, as shown by increased macrophage cell viability based on trypan blue assay. (listlabs.com)
Viability was decreased by 15% and 19% after exposure to 50 and 100 µg/ml SSC, respectively, which correlated with increased cell culture supernatant LDH activity by 40% and 70% when compared to control. (cdc.gov)

Characterization of intracellular membrane fusion in mouse macrophages. (rupress.org)

As EOC advances and penetrates the capsular layer of the ovary, it also carries the potential to expose the peritoneal surface to tumor-cell secreted products. (biomedcentral.com)
Our resource provides a foundation to understand the molecular basis of BrM in patients with tumor cell-intrinsic and host environmental traits. (lu.se)

The common origin of the two cell types was shown by culture of single precursor cells. (pasteur.fr)

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of rheumatic disease that, for unknown reasons, occurs much more frequently in individuals with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and in those with adult-onset Still disease. (medscape.com)
Typically, patients with macrophage activation syndrome become acutely ill with the sudden onset of nonremitting high fever, profound depression in all 3 blood cell lines (ie, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia), hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and elevated serum liver enzyme levels. (medscape.com)
The treatment of macrophage activation syndrome is traditionally based on the parenteral administration of high doses of corticosteroids. (medscape.com)
Macrophage activation syndrome is characterized by a highly stimulated but ineffective immune response. (medscape.com)
Recent studies have shown that MUNC 13-4 polymorphisms are associated with macrophage activation syndrome in some patients with SJIA. (medscape.com)
Hypercytokinemia accompanied by severe clinical disease seen in EVD is reminiscent of what has been described for macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). (cdc.gov)

Additionally, characterization of the tumor microenvironment such as interactions with immune cells remain largely unknown. (springer.com)
Apart from CSCs, there are a myriad of factors and interactions between various cell types and the tumor microenvironment (TME) that ultimately affect CCA progression. (springer.com)
Studying the genetic ('nature') and environmental ('nurture') modifiers of heterogeneity, and how cell population dynamics unfold over time in response to these modifiers is key when studying highly plastic cells such as macrophages.We introduce the programmable Polaris™ microfluidic lab-on-chip for single-cell sequencing, which performs live-cell imaging while controlling for the culture microenvironment of each cell. (ox.ac.uk)

We report the characterization and purification of fetal liver cells that generate clones containing both macrophages and B cells, identified biochemically and morphologically. (pasteur.fr)

However their plasticity also provides the opportunity for therapeutic 're-education' of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) to adopt an active anticancer role. (ox.ac.uk)

Stimulation of the cells with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide induced the production of nitric oxide and increased BH4 levels further. (aspetjournals.org)
Increased levels of inducible nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages in presence of GCs suggest that GCs provide an activation signal for macrophages and stimulate their function. (listlabs.com)

Folate receptor beta (FRβ) is only detectable in placenta and limited to some hematopoietic cells of myeloid lineage in healthy people. (biomedcentral.com)
The availability of such cells in purified form will allow direct study of lineage choice in cells having both lymphoid and non-lymphoid options. (pasteur.fr)

These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Here, we report a cavity-injectable nanoporter-hydrogel superstructure that creates GSC-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages/microglia (MΦs) surrounding the cavity to prevent GBM relapse. (nih.gov)
CXCL8 (IL-8) and the chemokine receptor CCR1 were coexpressed more frequently on MO/MA than on CD3+ cells contrasting with CD68+/CD163+ cells that coexpressed CXCL8 less often. (biomedcentral.com)
El ligando es específico para el RECEPTOR 4-1BB y puede desempeñar un papel en la indución de la proliferación de los LINFOCITOS T activados de la sangre periférica. (bvsalud.org)

The nature and nurture of cell heterogeneity: accounting for macrophage gene-environment interactions with single-cell RNA-Seq. (ox.ac.uk)
Macrophages and their interactions with oncolytic viruses. (ox.ac.uk)

NK cells, B cells, and granulocytes were rare. (biomedcentral.com)

They are phagocytes, which ingest bacteria and other foreign cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Immunomagnetically selected peripheral blood monocytes are cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (Catalog #36750) + 10% FBS, M-CSF, and IL-4 for 5 days to generate macrophages. (stemcell.com)

Perhaps the most important shortfall with transcriptomic 'snapshots' of cell populations is that they risk being descriptive, only cataloging heterogeneity at one point in time, and without microenvironmental context. (ox.ac.uk)
Interestingly, SAMHD1 and APOBEC3G are both HIV-1 inhibitors ('restriction factors'), with no known co-regulation.As single-cell methods continue to mature, so will the ability to move beyond simple 'snapshots' of cell populations towards studying the determinants of population dynamics. (ox.ac.uk)

Macrophages secrete a number of growth factors including a class of proteins called Wnt. (hairlosscure2020.com)
Macrophages secrete substances that attract other white blood cells to the site of the infection. (msdmanuals.com)

On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)

Neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell in the bloodstream, are among the first immune cells to defend against infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Neutrophils contain granules that release enzymes to help kill and digest these cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. (wikipedia.org)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an extensively researched yet still understudied tool for treating a wide range of pathological conditions, one particular area of research interest being their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Stromal cells in microdissected human tumours expressed the highest level of collagen crosslinking enzymes. (escholarship.org)

In addition, mRNA expression profiles in human and murine colon samples, and in macrophages and monocytes from healthy and inflamed murine colons, were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and mRNA microarray. (frontiersin.org)
Start with ready-to-use, ethically sourced, primary human macrophages. (stemcell.com)
Functional recombinant FRβ protein was produced in insect cells and used as antigen to isolate a mAb, m909, from a human naïve Fab phage display library. (biomedcentral.com)
It was also linked to reduced fluid build up during laboratory tests on human colon cells. (genengnews.com)
100,000 malignant and non-malignant cells from 15 human parenchymal BrMs, generated by single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, and complemented with mouse model- and in silico approaches. (lu.se)

In an orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma humanized mouse model, the combined treatment with nanoporter-hydrogel superstructure and CD47 antibody increased the frequency of positive immune responding cells and suppressed the negative immune regulating cells, conferring a robust tumoricidal immunity surrounding the postsurgical cavity and inhibiting postoperative glioblastoma relapse. (nih.gov)
Results AK117 could effectively binds to CD47, and competes with SIRPα for binding to the antigen on Raji cells (figure 1). (bmj.com)
A) FACS binding curves of AK117 and Hu5F9-G4 to CD47 on raji cells. (bmj.com)
B) FACS competitive binding curve of AK117 and Hu5F9-G4 with SIRPαECD-mFc to CD47 on raji cells. (bmj.com)

White blood cells The immune system is designed to defend the body against foreign or dangerous invaders. (msdmanuals.com)

After a year, there were no liver-related complications in any of the people treated with macrophages. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
He has been studying the role of macrophages in liver disease over the past 10 years. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
These modified macrophages are designed to be a more effective and durable treatment for end-stage liver disease. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
These results show macrophage cell therapy is potentially transformative for patients with liver cirrhosis, helping avoid liver-related complications which can be fatal and put extreme pressure on health services. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
Prof Stuart Forbes and his team are currently developing a new macrophage cell therapy for liver cirrhosis. (ed.ac.uk)
Using a workflow combining laser microdissection and single-cell mass spectrometry, the researchers identified more than 1,700 proteins per liver cell. (genomeweb.com)

The Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory was the first team to establish a role for a group of macrophages in acquiring antigen and presenting intact antigen to follicular B cells in lymph nodes in vivo . (labbulletin.com)
Imaris was also able to demonstrate the confinement of the iNKT cells in the vicinity of the CD169+ macrophages following administration of particulate lipid antigen by reconstructing the lymph nodes in three dimensions. (labbulletin.com)

Cell Cycle;22(14-16): 1694-1712, 2023. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy30

Organisms27

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Phenotype12

Cytokines10

Monocytes and macrophages3

Phagocytic10

Monocyte12

Bone marrow6

Inflammatory18

Inflammation13

Alveolar9

Lymphocytes6

Dendritic cells and macrophages3

Differentiation4

Proliferation6

Associated macrophage polarization2

Phagocytosis11

Tissues12

Infiltration3

Tissue13

Known as macrophage2

Metastasis2

Cytokine6

Tumors3

Murine macrophage1

Mediate3

Vitro2

Polarization4

Intestinal6

Mice1

Myeloid cells1

Colony-stimul1

Lung2

Ligand2

Phenotypes4

Stem Cells6

Viability2

Intracellular1

Tumor cell2

Precursor Cells1

Activation syndrome6

Microenvironment3

Characterization1

TAMs1

Nitric oxide2

Lineage2

Chemokines1

Receptor3

Interactions2

Granulocytes1

Phagocytes1

Peripheral blood1

Populations2

Secrete2

Lysosomes1

Neutrophils2

Infection1

Stromal cells2

Human5

CD474

Immune system1

Liver6

Lymph nodes2

20231