Macrophage cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thus, there remains an unmet need for cost-effective methods for generating and/or differentiating primary cells into a HAM phenotype, particularly important for translational and clinical studies. (genengnews.com)
We developed cell culture conditions that mimic the lung alveolar environment in humans using lung lipids, that is, Infasurf (calfactant, natural bovine surfactant) and lung-associated cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin 10) that facilitate the conversion of blood-obtained monocytes to an AM-like (AML) phenotype and function in tissue culture. (genengnews.com)
A more tissue-centric view of these processes, claiming that the tissues define phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating immune cells to meet tissues needs during homeostasis and disease, seems provocative [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
For example, organs like the lung and the liver are exposed to pathogen components from the air or from the gut barrier, respectively, which explains the predominance of a macrophage phenotype that has a higher capacity for phagocytic clearance of pathogen components. (hindawi.com)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized to the M2 phenotype promote tumor cell proliferation and are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with high grade glioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
OA significantly inhibited the expression of CD163, one of the phenotype markers of M2 macrophages, as well as suppressed the secretion of IL-10, one of the anti-inflammatory cytokines preferentially produced by M2 macrophages, thus suggesting that OA suppresses the M2 polarization of macrophages. (spandidos-publications.com)
Fujiwara Y, Komohara Y, Kudo R, Tsurushima K, Ohnishi K, Ikeda T and Takeya M: Oleanolic acid inhibits macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype and glioblastoma cell proliferation by suppressing the activation of STAT3. (spandidos-publications.com)
Here, we show that successful treatment of cervical carcinoma in mouse models with synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines induced influx of cytokine-producing CD8 T cells that strongly altered the numbers and phenotype of intratumoral macrophages. (aacrjournals.org)
In the context of acute kidney injury, M-CSF has been implicated in promoting repair following injury, but also been described in an opposing role, driving proliferation of a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
The primary aim of the present study was to determine the immunological phenotype of NSCLC-associated macrophages. (ersjournals.com)
CD68 + macrophages expressing markers of a cytotoxic M1 phenotype or a noncytotoxic M2 phenotype were identified in the islets and stroma of surgically resected tumours from 20 patients with extended survival (median 92.7 months) and 20 with poor survival (median 7.7 months), using immunohistochemistry. (ersjournals.com)
Macrophages infiltrating the tumour islets in nonsmall cell lung cancer were predominantly of the M1 phenotype in patients with extended survival. (ersjournals.com)
The M1 phenotype (classically activated) macrophages are thought to be induced by interferon-γ, with or without lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and exert a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. (ersjournals.com)
Additionally, M2 macrophages have been traditionally thought of as being the predominant macrophage phenotype in solid tumours (tumour-associated macrophages). (ersjournals.com)
Bifurcation and sensitivity analyses show that external signaling cues are necessary for macrophage commitment and emergence to a phenotype, but that the intrinsic macrophage metabolism is equally important. (biorxiv.org)
On one end of the phenotype spectrum, M1-like macrophages are classically activated by the cytokine interferon γ (IFN γ ) or by an endotoxin directly [ 30 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Therefore, the phenotype expressed by a macrophage is identified through the specific STAT activation. (biorxiv.org)

Using interleukin (IL)-33 receptor knockout mice and in vitro experiments, we show that basophils establish a lung-specific function imprinted by IL-33 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), characterized by unique signaling of cytokines and growth factors important for stromal, epithelial, and myeloid cell fates. (nih.gov)
In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
There is evidence that 2D or 3D culturing conditions have an impact on the cells' secretome, and here we aimed to compare the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in human MSCs from different sources cultured in 2D and 3D conditions and assess their effect on human macrophages polarization in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Treatment of cells with NF-κB and MAPK inhibitors abolished the effect of the cytokines on CCL3 expression. (shu.ac.uk)
Through mechanisms that have not yet been well elucidated, this impairment in cytotoxic function leads to an excessive expansion and activation of cytotoxic cells, with hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). (medscape.com)
These cytokines are produced by activated T cells and histiocytes that infiltrate all tissue and lead to tissue necrosis and organ failure. (medscape.com)
Here, we show that MM-derived macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) stimulates bone marrow stromal cells to produce the disease critical cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, prior to any cell-cell contact. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to their diverse functions and plasticity, macrophages are able to exhibit markedly different phenotypes, depending on the external signals they receive, e.g., microbial products, damaged cells, or cytokines. (biorxiv.org)
Once activated, M1-like macrophages release cytokines that inhibit the proliferation of nearby cells (including cancer cells) and initiate inflammation and an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
At the other extreme, M2-like macrophages are induced by the interleukins (IL)-4 and −13, cytokines secreted by activated Th2 cells [ 16 ]. (biorxiv.org)

while the proliferation of T cells was unchanged, their antitumor activity was suppressed due to the immunosuppressive factors produced by senescent macrophages. (newkerala.com)
The team also demonstrated that supplementing the mice inoculated with cancer stem cells with a molecule called nicotinamide mononucleotide resulted in the proliferation of non-senescent macrophages and reduced the immunosuppressive factors produced by senescent macrophages, preventing tumour growth and leading to increased survival times in mice. (newkerala.com)
Macrophages and giant cells composed of macrophages are abundant in many neoplasms, but it is unknown whether they can phagocytose target cancer cells that adhere to one another or whether phagocytosis can outcompete proliferation. (aiche.org)
Furthermore, OA inhibited the proliferation of U373 human glioblastoma cells, and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in both human macrophages and glioblastoma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results indicate that OA suppresses the M2 polarization of macrophages and tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting STAT3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
We also performed cell proliferation, cell migration and tubule formation in vitro experiments to assess the effects of SBP on endothelial cell function and signaling pathways by stimulating macrophage activity. (visualsonics.com)
Activation of macrophages by SBP eventually led to endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tubule formation and increased the expression of p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 proteins in the downstream PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathways related to angiogenesis, respectively. (visualsonics.com)
Effects of 72 h treatment with Vitamin D-binding Protein-derived Macrophage-activating Factor (DBP-MAF) on MCF-7 cell proliferation. (iiarjournals.org)
A: Assessment of cell proliferation by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT)-based assay. (iiarjournals.org)
B: Assessment of cell proliferation by cell counting. (iiarjournals.org)
In all three media conditions, no differences in RAW cell proliferation rates were observed over 48 hours. (rutgers.edu)
M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Recent evidence, however, supports a dual role for macrophages in the regulation of tumour proliferation and immune control 10 , 16 , and indicates that the local tissue microenvironment plays a critical role in determining cell phenotypes. (ersjournals.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Macrophage activation syndrome is characterized by pancytopenia, liver insufficiency, coagulopathy, and neurologic symptoms and is thought to be caused by the activation and uncontrolled proliferation of T lymphocytes and well-differentiated macrophages, leading to widespread hemophagocytosis and cytokine overproduction. (medscape.com)
MicroRNAs ( miRNA ) are conserved, endogenous, short non- coding RNAs composed of 18-25 nucleotides that serve as potential markers for many diseases and are involved in various biological processes , including cell proliferation , apoptosis , and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

The same applies to the bone marrow that requires macrophages for the clearance of the nuclei that get expelled from erythroblasts during their maturation towards erythrocytes [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
In the 1980's, Arnold Caplan and his colleagues published an isolation method of fibroblast-like stromal cells from bone marrow and first identified them as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because of their multilineage differentiation potential ( Caplan, 1991 ). (frontiersin.org)
Histopathologic criterion: Evidence of macrophage hemophagocytosis is found in the bone marrow aspirate sample. (medscape.com)
Here, we report that bone marrow derived macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF show different levels of LRRK2 activation after membrane damage. (biorxiv.org)
Here, we investigate the function of MM-derived MIF in the MM microenvironment by examining its effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). (biomedcentral.com)

The findings are published in mBio in an article titled, " A new tractable method for generating human alveolar macrophage-like cells in vitro to study lung inflammatory processes and diseases . (genengnews.com)
The majority of studies on cancer stem cells have been carried out in vitro or in immunodeficient mice models, which do not account for a fully functioning immune response. (newkerala.com)
We show that macrophages can eliminate melanoma cells in vitro from rapidly proliferating clusters formed on non-adhesive materials. (aiche.org)
Thus, our in vitro and in vivo models utilizing gene-edited cells, monoclonal antibodies for opsonization and checkpoint blockade, and cell therapy begin to define the parameters required for successful immunotherapy of solid tumors including (i) macrophage density, (ii) inhibitory checkpoint disruption, and (iii) IgG-opsonization. (aiche.org)
Results: The in vitro experiment results showed that SBP could significantly increase the expression of mRNAs and proteins associated with angiogenesis in endothelial cells by activating macrophages to release pro-angiogenic factors such as Vegf-a. (visualsonics.com)
Dendritic cells and macrophages have been attributed with stimulatory capacity for in vivo and in vitro immune responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
We investigated this hypothesis in vitro in stimulated murine macrophage RAW cells, which express the inducible form of NOS (iNOS). (rutgers.edu)
This study aims to explore the energy metabolism of macrophages under either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory conditions by adding LPS and Met, respectively, using an in vitro and an in vivo model. (nature.com)
In vitro systems are used to differentiate these cells into diverse macrophage subsets to mimic the populations observed in vivo . (biorxiv.org)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated with FRβ positive CHO cells as target cells and isolated peripheral blood monocytes as effector cells in an in vitro assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on our numerical results, we formulate hypotheses that could be further investigated by in vitro experiments to deepen our understanding of macrophage polarization. (biorxiv.org)

Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute report they have created a new cell culture model for human alveolar macrophages in the lab. (genengnews.com)
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are unique lung resident cells that contact airborne pathogens and environmental particulates," wrote the researchers. (genengnews.com)
Human alveolar macrophages have been challenging to study because they reside deep in the lungs and are hard to access. (genengnews.com)
We are mimicking the alveolar environment in cell culture. (genengnews.com)
The generated cells are 94% genetically similar to human alveolar macrophages collected from lung washes. (genengnews.com)
I am excited to see the full potential of the alveolar macrophage-like cells and if they can be integrated into next-generation lung organoids," Schlesinger added. (genengnews.com)
Antibody-depletion strategies, diphtheria toxin-mediated selective depletion of basophils, and co-culture studies show that lung resident basophils are important regulators of alveolar macrophage development and function. (nih.gov)
That is, when alveolar macrophages attempt to engulf and fail to digest an asbestos fiber, they release lysosomal contents into the alveolar space [NIOSH 2011a]. (cdc.gov)
Acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical and life -threatening illness that causes severe dyspnea , and respiratory distress and is often caused by a variety of direct or indirect factors that damage the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelial cells , leading to inflammation factors and macrophage infiltration. (bvsalud.org)
The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity specifically of respirable particles on a model of human alveolar macrophages (THP-1). (cdc.gov)
This cell division was taking place within an alveolar macrophage. (cdc.gov)

The aim of the present study was to determine the pro-angiogenic effects and mechanism of SBP during inflammation or ischemic pathological conditions and elucidate its regulatory effects on endothelial cell function and signaling pathways mediated by macrophages. (visualsonics.com)
MSCs are reported to contribute both to the inflammation initiation and to its resolution via complex cross talk with immune cells, most importantly macrophages [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of macrophages into different states is a finely tuned process essential for proper resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. (biomedcentral.com)
While macrophage-induced inflammation is crucial for the response to pathogen infection, excessive or sustained inflammation can cause tissue damage and may lead to different conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors 2 . (nature.com)
Therefore, studying the correlation between inflammation and macrophage mitochondrial function could lead to a better understanding of the link between inflammation and diseases. (nature.com)
The findings link tissue inflammation, stromal cell-mediated collagen crosslinking and stiffening to tumour aggression and identify lysyl hydroxylase 2 as a stromal biomarker. (escholarship.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
The egress of Candida hyphae from macrophages facilitates immune evasion, but it also alerts macrophages to infection and triggers inflammation. (monash.edu)
The presence of asbestos fibers in the lungs sets off a variety of responses leading to inflammation, cell, and tissue damage, which can lead to malignant and non-malignant diseases. (cdc.gov)
Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation). (cdc.gov)
Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation induced by TNF-α). (cdc.gov)
In this review , we provide a brief overview of miRNA expression in ALI/ARDS and summarize recent research on the mechanism and pathways by which miRNAs respond to macrophage polarization, inflammation , and apoptosis . (bvsalud.org)

In fact, in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, massive infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells, including activated macrophages, was detected in infected lung tissue. (nature.com)
Abundant macrophage infiltration of solid cancers commonly correlates with poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
The CCL3-CCR1 axis may play an important role in promoting macrophage infiltration in degenerated, herniated discs. (shu.ac.uk)
The survival advantage conferred by islet macrophage infiltration may be related to their cytotoxic antitumour activity. (ersjournals.com)

We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
There is a growing body of evidence that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells' (MSCs') remarkable therapeutic potential is attributed not only to their differentiation and regenerative capacity, but also to the paracrine effect, underlying their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)

Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, the differential ability of dendritic cells and macrophages (splenic adherent cells [SACs]) to stimulate pancreatic islet allograft rejection in reversed alloxan-induced diabetic rats was examined. (diabetesjournals.org)

Macrophages (Mφs) are the critical regulators involved in initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammatory response throughout the tissue regenerative process. (frontiersin.org)
Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
Our findings suggest that umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media demonstrated the highest cytokine and growth factor levels and despite mostly pro-inflammatory cytokine profile were able to promote anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
Umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media hold great potential for therapeutic use, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-activated M0 macrophages can be activated toward pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, thus playing important and diverse roles at all stages of inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs have been shown to suppress both the transition of human macrophages from the M0 to M1 state and the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages already polarized into the M1 state [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, how inflammatory and anti-inflammatory environments affect macrophage mitochondrial function is poorly understood. (nature.com)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
The continuum of macrophage activation and the diverse spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes result in nuanced immune regulations [ 31 ]. (biorxiv.org)

It is critical to study tissue-specific cells to better understand mechanisms of health and disease, and to screen potential new therapies," said Texas Biomed professor Larry Schlesinger, MD, and senior author of the paper. (genengnews.com)
Together, our study demonstrates how whole-tissue signaling interaction map on the single-cell level can broaden our understanding of cellular networks in health and disease. (nih.gov)
Macrophages are part of the immune system and are associated with tissue repair. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
During the last decades, research has focused on the cell-type-specific properties of these cells in culture, which then led to an immunocentric view of their role in disease like if they were primed like T cells to infiltrate target organs to cause tissue damage and drive progressive scaring [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this paper we apply the tissue-centric perspective to discuss the role of resident and infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in different organs. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
This slightly different perspective may somewhat shape our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity and tissue pathology but certainly also raise new questions for future research. (hindawi.com)
Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown as a novel approach in tissue regeneration, the therapeutic potential of MSCs mediated by the interaction between MSC-derived paracrine mediators and Mφs remains elusive. (frontiersin.org)
That more dendritic cells were required to stimulate rejection in reversed diabetic recipients compared with nondiabetic recipients suggests that other factors, such as the diabetic state and the production of a tolerant status achieved by larger amounts of grafted tissue, may influence graft survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
Due to their wide-range of functions in immunity and tissue remodelling, macrophages in vivo are phenotypically heterogeneous. (biorxiv.org)
M-CSF and GM-CSF differentiated human blood monocytes are often used to generate monocyte-derived macrophages as a model for tissue macrophages. (biorxiv.org)

Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
Our data extended prior observations of Sia + IgG on DC function and showed that Sia + IgG was able to differentially modulate multiple pathways in monocytes and macrophages. (scirp.org)
M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Immunomagnetically selected peripheral blood monocytes are cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (Catalog #36750) + 10% FBS, M-CSF, and IL-4 for 5 days to generate macrophages. (stemcell.com)
Monocytes activated by tumour-derived microvesicles from pancreatic, colon and lung cancer cell lines have been found to show increased expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and a resulting increase in production of reactive oxygen intermediates and TNF-α 11 . (ersjournals.com)
Macrophages develop from a type of white blood cell called monocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
Monocytes become macrophages when they move from the bloodstream to the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
There, over a period of about 8 hours, monocytes enlarge greatly and produce granules within themselves, becoming macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
These cells include a subset of helper T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an extensively researched yet still understudied tool for treating a wide range of pathological conditions, one particular area of research interest being their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
These tissues harbour the highest number of tumour-associated macrophages, whose therapeutic ablation in experimental models reduced metastasis, and decreased collagen crosslinks and stromal stiffening. (escholarship.org)
Epithelial-targeted expression of the crosslinking enzyme, lysyl oxidase, had no impact on collagen crosslinking in PyMT mammary tumours, whereas stromal cell targeting did. (escholarship.org)
Stromal cells in microdissected human tumours expressed the highest level of collagen crosslinking enzymes. (escholarship.org)
In the extended survival group, M1 islet density was significantly increased compared with M2 density, 70% of islet macrophages were positive for M1 markers versus 38% for M2, and the islet:stromal ratio of M1 macrophages was markedly increased compared with M2. (ersjournals.com)
The association between prognosis and islet macrophage count has been confirmed recently by others in an independent cohort of patients 5 but the stromal macrophage counts in that study were not associated with survival. (ersjournals.com)

We noted direct coculturing increased stemness among CSC populations and induced both M1 (CD80 and HLA-DR) and M2 (CD163) tumor associated macrophage polarization. (springer.com)
These studies suggest that there is a bi-directional crosstalk between macrophages and CSCs that promotes stemness renewal and tumor associated macrophage polarization. (springer.com)

Here, we demonstrate that upon phagocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, MDMs are activated and secrete IL-6 and TNF. (nature.com)
Macrophages are important immune cells that participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, such as phagocytosis, recognition of molecular patterns, and activation of the immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Background AK117 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD47 which widely expresses on innate immune cells, such as macrophages, and functions as a regulator of phagocytosis. (bmj.com)
CD47 serves as the ligand for a receptor on these innate immune cells, SIRPα, which in turn delivers an inhibitory signal for phagocytosis. (bmj.com)
AK117 alone or combines with anti-EGFR antibody, anti-CD20 antibody and azacitidine shows potent phagocytosis of tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner (figure 2). (bmj.com)
Macrophages are highly versatile immune cells which, among other roles, eliminate pathogens and damaged cells through phagocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
The process of a cell ingesting a microorganism, another cell, or cell fragments is called phagocytosis, and cells that ingest are called phagocytes. (msdmanuals.com)

Analyzing 818 ligand-receptor interaction pairs within and between cell lineages, we identify broadly interacting cells, including AT2, innate lymphocytes (ILCs), and basophils. (nih.gov)
The cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) and CD8 + T lymphocytes is mediated by the release of cytolytic granules, which contain perforin, granzymes, and other serinelike proteases, to the target cells. (medscape.com)
Several independent genetic loci related to the release of cytolytic granules have been associated with FHLH, and mutations at this level cause a severe impairment of cytotoxic function of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in patients with FHLH. (medscape.com)
Although such swabs are likely to be contaminated with lymphocytes from the tonsils or pharynx, the authors noted that the virus was also found in cell-free supernatants. (cdc.gov)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key component in the process of angiogenesis, is known to be produced by tumour-associated macrophages 17 , 18 , which have been traditionally reported as M2 macrophages. (ersjournals.com)

Integrative proteomic and precision N-glycoproteomic profiling were conducted to assess the underlying macrophage activation. (frontiersin.org)

Solid tumors pose significant challenges for immunotherapies including those employing phagocytic macrophages as effector cells. (aiche.org)
Aggregation of phagocytic macrophages within clusters and the nonlinear dependence of the cluster growth rate on macrophage number suggest that macrophages may exhibit cooperativity in engulfing solid tumor targets, which resembles the foreign body response to biomaterials in some ways. (aiche.org)
Raji cells, HT-29 cells, and HL-60 cells which highly express CD47 were used as target cells to evaluate a pro-phagocytic activity of AK117 as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-EGFR antibody, anti-CD20 antibody or azacitidine. (bmj.com)
The pro-phagocytic activity against tumor cells. (bmj.com)
A) The phagocytic index of raji cells by macrophages with AK117. (bmj.com)
B) The phagocytic index of HL-60 cells by macrophages with AK117 and azacitidine. (bmj.com)
C) The phagocytic index of HT-29 cells by macrophages with AK117 and cetuximab. (bmj.com)

An immune-centric view assumes that a particular priming of phagocytes then causes a particular type of pathology in target tissues, conceptually similar to antigen-specific T-cell priming. (hindawi.com)
Here, we report a cavity-injectable nanoporter-hydrogel superstructure that creates GSC-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages/microglia (MΦs) surrounding the cavity to prevent GBM relapse. (nih.gov)
These cells participate in pathogen recognition, apoptotic cell clearance, and antigen presentation ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
The Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory was the first team to establish a role for a group of macrophages in acquiring antigen and presenting intact antigen to follicular B cells in lymph nodes in vivo . (labbulletin.com)
Imaris was also able to demonstrate the confinement of the iNKT cells in the vicinity of the CD169+ macrophages following administration of particulate lipid antigen by reconstructing the lymph nodes in three dimensions. (labbulletin.com)
These cells are reported to express the CD163 antigen 7 , 8 . (ersjournals.com)
Functional recombinant FRβ protein was produced in insect cells and used as antigen to isolate a mAb, m909, from a human naïve Fab phage display library. (biomedcentral.com)
Results AK117 could effectively binds to CD47, and competes with SIRPα for binding to the antigen on Raji cells (figure 1). (bmj.com)

Micropipette aspiration rheology of cell clusters and freshly isolated mouse tumors revealed viscoelasticity and cell cohesion in both tissues. (aiche.org)
Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
All solid organs and most other tissues harbor a network of DC or macrophages (Table 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Axolotl WIKIMEDIA, STAN SHEBS Macrophages, a type of immune cell that travels throughout tissues gobbling up bacteria and dead cells, plays a pivotal role in limb regeneration in a salamander called the axolotl, according to new research published this week (May 20) in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (the-scientist.com)
Resting macrophages, which are abundant in normal tissues and participate in homeostasis, have not been found to express FRβ. (biomedcentral.com)
Acquired Immunity One of the body's lines of defense ( immune system) involves white blood cells (leukocytes) that travel through the bloodstream and into tissues, searching for and attacking microorganisms and. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages stay in the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

Conclusion: Shexiang Baoxin Pills can promote angiogenesis by activating macrophages to regulate endothelial cell function and signal transduction pathways. (visualsonics.com)
Tumor-promoting functions of macrophages include angiogenesis, metastasis formation, and suppression of Th1-type immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
It has also been described that one of the key roles of M2 macrophages is to promote angiogenesis 7 , 10 . (ersjournals.com)

The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. (wikipedia.org)
M-CSF is a cytokine, being a smaller protein involved in cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
In these studies, the research team successfully used Imaris to visualize the long-standing interactions between CD169+ macrophages and iNKT cells and found very fast iNKT activation and cytokine secretion. (labbulletin.com)
Pretreatment of macrophages with an antagonist of CCR1, the primary receptor for CCL3 and CCL4, blocked cytokine-mediated migration. (shu.ac.uk)
To investigate the effects of MIF secretion by MM on its microenvironment, we used cytokine arrays to establish if cytokine changes occur when MM cells are cultured with primary BMSC. (biomedcentral.com)
c Representative ( n = 3) Human XL cytokine array output after a 24-h incubation in either mono or co-culture, cell supernatant was used for analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways. (stembook.org)

Myeloid related protein (MRP) 8/14 expression by macrophages is associated with the release of TNF-α 12 . (ersjournals.com)

Strikingly, complete regressions of large established tumors depended on the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that were induced by this immunotherapy, because a small-molecule drug inhibitor targeting CSF-1R diminished the number of intratumoral macrophages and abrogated the complete remissions. (aacrjournals.org)
We here investigated the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD169 + macrophages in primary tumors (PTs) and their spatial relation to tumor-infiltrating B and T cells. (lu.se)

Additionally, characterization of the tumor microenvironment such as interactions with immune cells remain largely unknown. (springer.com)
Apart from CSCs, there are a myriad of factors and interactions between various cell types and the tumor microenvironment (TME) that ultimately affect CCA progression. (springer.com)

The team identified interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by cancer stem cells as the molecule responsible for triggering these effects. (newkerala.com)
To investigate tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) regulation of CCL3 expression in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and in macrophage migration. (shu.ac.uk)
M1 macrophages are associated with the expression of interleukin (IL)-1, -12, TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 7 . (ersjournals.com)

GCs were shown to have a protective influence, sparing macrophages from toxin-induced cell death, as shown by increased macrophage cell viability based on trypan blue assay. (listlabs.com)
Although this binary classification does not take into account the variety of subcategories of macrophages phenotypes [ 2 ], it can be useful for studying the mechanisms of macrophage viability and activity regulation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It was especially designed for the gentle release of adherent macrophages and guarantees the best possible cell viability, even after prolonged exposure times. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Viability was decreased by 15% and 19% after exposure to 50 and 100 µg/ml SSC, respectively, which correlated with increased cell culture supernatant LDH activity by 40% and 70% when compared to control. (cdc.gov)

A classification that sufficiently covers their phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity during homeostasis and disease does not yet exist because cell culture-based phenotypes often do not match those found in vivo . (hindawi.com)
The role of macrophage phenotypes in tumour progression has been extensively reviewed 6 - 10 . (ersjournals.com)

the cells readily take up the pathogens. (genengnews.com)
Since several intracellular pathogens survive in macrophage phagosomes that do not fuse with lysosomes, we examined the regulation of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages. (rupress.org)
These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)

These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Folate receptor beta (FRβ) is only detectable in placenta and limited to some hematopoietic cells of myeloid lineage in healthy people. (biomedcentral.com)
However, prior to commitment, it has been cells, it is evident that GATA-1 and PU.1 are able to specify observed that many genes are expressed at intermediate or basal erythroid and myeloid cell fates (see [16] and references therein). (lu.se)

Shigella flexneri, the etiologic agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells as well as macrophages and dendritic cells and escapes into the cytosol soon after invasion. (strath.ac.uk)
We have determined the complete gene expression profiles for S. flexneri infecting human epithelial HeLa cells and human macrophage-like U937 cells. (strath.ac.uk)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
ZA therapy increased neoplastic epithelial and endothelial cell apoptosis without affecting hyperproliferation, indicating that ZA was not antimitotic. (jci.org)

Importantly, activated MDMs in turn mediate strong activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), leading to the secretion of high levels of IFN-α and TNF. (nature.com)
Indeed, increases in [Ca2+]i are essential for phagosome-granule (lysosome) fusion in neutrophils and for lysosomal fusion events that mediate host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. (rupress.org)
m909 was not only able to select FRβ positive, activated macrophages from synovial fluid cells of arthritis patients as efficiently as folate, but also able to mediate ADCC in FRβ positive cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to RFC and PCFT, a limited number of cells express folate receptors (FRs) that can mediate unidirectional transportation of folates into cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages were then treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media and their effect on macrophages polarization was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)

However, both IgG opsonization and disruption of the macrophage checkpoint ligand CD47 by CRISPR knockout or antibody blockade were required to achieve elimination. (aiche.org)
HIV preferentially infects and replicates in cells expressing the CD4 molecule, the ligand for viral attachment and subsequent cell entry (1). (cdc.gov)

This kind of pDC activation was dependent on direct integrin-mediated cell‒cell contacts and involved stimulation of the TLR7 and STING signaling pathways. (nature.com)
Our findings explain how Candida escapes from macrophages by using three strategies: permeabilizing macrophage membranes via candidalysin and engaging two host cell death pathways, Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis and ETosis. (monash.edu)
In these cells, LRRK2 regulates innate immune pathways and it is activated after membrane damage leading to the phosphorylation of the Rab GTPases Rab8A and Rab10. (biorxiv.org)
These results suggest that LRRK2-regulated pathways of endolysosomal membrane damage and repair differ between macrophage subsets. (biorxiv.org)

Using two breast cancer patient cohorts, we show that CD169 + macrophages were spatially associated with the presence of B and T cell tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLLSs) in both PTs and lymph node metastases (LNMs). (lu.se)
macrophages were spatially associated with the presence of B and T cell tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLLSs) in both PTs and lymph node metastases (LNMs). (lu.se)

Cell Cycle;22(14-16): 1694-1712, 2023. (bvsalud.org)

Previous work suggested that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are resistant and unresponsive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
This theme seems to be common in bacterial infection, because the Ipa-Mxi-Spa-like type III secretion systems were also down-regulated during mammalian cell infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157. (strath.ac.uk)
Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
Macrophages secrete substances that attract other white blood cells to the site of the infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell in the bloodstream, are among the first immune cells to defend against infection. (msdmanuals.com)

Autophagy is one of the major digestive processes in cells and plays a critical role in maintaining cell homeostasis through delivering cytoplasmic materials, such as lipids, proteins, and organelles to lysosomes, for degradation 13 . (nature.com)
Cells' status can be inferred by examining autophagy proteins such as ATG8, as well as measuring ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential. (nature.com)
The assay reveals that Candida escapes by using two pore-forming proteins to permeabilize macrophage membranes: the fungal toxin candidalysin and Nlrp3 inflammasome-activated Gasdermin D. Candidalysin plays a major role in escape, with Nlrp3 and Gasdermin D-dependent and -independent contributions. (monash.edu)
Unlike enzyme-based solutions, the Macrophage Detachment Solution DXF does not alter cell surface proteins and neutralization is not necessary.Note: The Macrophage Detachment Solution DXF is not suitable for the dissociation of other adherent cell types. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In normal cells, folates are taken in through the reduced folate carrier (RFC) or proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), which are membrane-spanning proteins that facilitate bidirectional transportation of reduced folate across the plasma membrane and endosome membranes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Because of their surface charge, asbestos fibers can adsorb to cellular macromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA) and cell surface proteins. (cdc.gov)

The analyses implicated cellular and molecular targets of ZA's actions: ZA suppressed MMP-9 expression by infiltrating macrophages and inhibited metalloprotease activity, reducing association of VEGF with its receptor on angiogenic endothelial cells. (jci.org)
El ligando es específico para el RECEPTOR 4-1BB y puede desempeñar un papel en la indución de la proliferación de los LINFOCITOS T activados de la sangre periférica. (bvsalud.org)

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of rheumatic disease that, for unknown reasons, occurs much more frequently in individuals with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and in those with adult-onset Still disease. (medscape.com)
Typically, patients with macrophage activation syndrome become acutely ill with the sudden onset of nonremitting high fever, profound depression in all 3 blood cell lines (ie, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia), hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and elevated serum liver enzyme levels. (medscape.com)
The treatment of macrophage activation syndrome is traditionally based on the parenteral administration of high doses of corticosteroids. (medscape.com)
Macrophage activation syndrome is characterized by a highly stimulated but ineffective immune response. (medscape.com)
Recent studies have shown that MUNC 13-4 polymorphisms are associated with macrophage activation syndrome in some patients with SJIA. (medscape.com)

A group of researchers at Hokkaido University's Institute for Genetic Medicine, under the direction of Associate Professor Haruka Wada, looked into the ways in which cancer stem cells avoid the immune system in mouse models. (newkerala.com)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
There has been a lot of discussion about how cells of the immune system might impinge on the regenerative process," Andràs Simon of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden told ABC Science . (the-scientist.com)
White blood cells The immune system is designed to defend the body against foreign or dangerous invaders. (msdmanuals.com)

Lung development and function arises from the interactions between diverse cell types and lineages. (nih.gov)
Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we characterize the cellular composition of the lung during development and identify vast dynamics in cell composition and their molecular characteristics. (nih.gov)
There is a marked survival advantage for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing high numbers of macrophages in their tumour islets. (ersjournals.com)
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. (ersjournals.com)
Advancements in understanding the role of microRnas in regulating macrophage polarization during acute lung injury. (bvsalud.org)

A variety of cells, the most significant of which are cancer stem cells, make up malignant tumours. (newkerala.com)
Through immune response evasion, these cells can grow new malignant tumours. (newkerala.com)

The role of M-CSF is not only restricted to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. (wikipedia.org)
Hematopoietic stem cell lineage choices are decided by genetic networks that are turned ON/OFF in a switch-like manner. (lu.se)
Introduction regulate choices of expressed genes as part of the macrophage/ neutrophil lineage. (lu.se)

The team used two cell lines of glioblastoma tumour, one of which was capable of inducing tumour formation (cancer stem cell) and the other of which was not. (newkerala.com)
In an orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma humanized mouse model, the combined treatment with nanoporter-hydrogel superstructure and CD47 antibody increased the frequency of positive immune responding cells and suppressed the negative immune regulating cells, conferring a robust tumoricidal immunity surrounding the postsurgical cavity and inhibiting postoperative glioblastoma relapse. (nih.gov)

Comparison with the gene expression of intracellular Salmonella serovar Typhimurium, which resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole, indicated that S. flexneri is exposed to oxidative stress in U937 cells. (strath.ac.uk)
Intracellular recordings of cultured mouse thioglycolate-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages reveal that these cells can exhibit two different types of electrophysiological properties characterized by differences in their current-voltage relationships and their resting membrane potentials. (rupress.org)

We previously revealed that corosolic acid, a triterpenoid compound, inhibits the M2 polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). (spandidos-publications.com)
The N-glycome showed a dramatic change during human monocyte-to-macrophage transition ( 17 ) and murine macrophage polarization ( 18 ). (frontiersin.org)
Start with ready-to-use, ethically sourced, primary human macrophages. (stemcell.com)
Macrophages are known to be important in human muscle repair after acute damage. (the-scientist.com)

In this study, murine peritoneal macrophages were isolated and then activated by LPS, HSV and VSV. (frontiersin.org)

Thus, increasing numbers of macrophages within the tumour islets conferred a marked survival advantage, while increased numbers of macrophages in the tumour stroma were associated with worse prognosis. (ersjournals.com)
The presence of CD169 + macrophages in the draining lymph nodes of cancer patients is, for unknown reasons, associated with a beneficial prognosis. (lu.se)

Macrophages are immune cells widely distributed throughout the body and are components of innate immunity. (frontiersin.org)

further investigation showed that macrophages cultured with cancer stem cells exhibit senescence or cellular ageing. (newkerala.com)
A vaccine containing partial cellular material as opposed to complete cells. (cdc.gov)

To better define the mechanisms, here we develop an imaging assay to directly and dynamically quantify hyphal escape and correlate it to macrophage responses. (monash.edu)

They are phagocytes, which ingest bacteria and other foreign cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms27

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Phenotype17

Cytokines12

Proliferation15

Bone marrow5

Vitro11

Alveolar11

Inflammation13

Infiltration5

Differentiation2

Dendritic cells and macrophages2

Inflammatory11

Tissue12

Monocytes9

Stromal6

Associated macrophage polarization2

Phagocytosis7

Lymphocytes4

Tumour-associated macrophages1

Underlying macrophage activation1

Phagocytic7

Antigen8

Tissues7

Angiogenesis3

Cytokine7

Polarization of macrophages1

Expression by macrophages1

Tumors2

Microenvironment2

Interleukin3

Viability4

Phenotypes2

Pathogens3

Fuse with lysosomes1

Myeloid3

Epithelial4

Mediate4

Peripheral blood mononuclear1

Ligand2

Pathways4

Lymph node2

20231

Infection5

Proteins6

Receptor2

Activation syndrome5

Immune system4

Lung5

Tumours2

Lineage3

Glioblastoma2

Intracellular2

Human4

Peritoneal1

Prognosis2

Innate1

Cellular2

Assay1

Phagocytes1