Mabs epitopes. Medical search. Frequent questions

citation needed] By providing information on mechanism of action, epitope mapping is a critical component in therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) development. (wikipedia.org)
Unambiguous identification of α-Gal epitopes in intact monoclonal antibodies by NMR spectroscopy. (mpg.de)
A much more promising strategy is to use recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against influenza and several are currently in clinical development ( 9 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
The Company has proprietary technology for producing fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against infectious diseases which is currently being employed to produce monoclonal antibody therapeutics for treating the CoronaVirus (SARS-CoV-2), HIV-1 and the Feline Leukemia virus. (nbc4i.com)
Mapping of epitopes recognized by functional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is essential for understanding the nature of immune responses and designing improved vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. (rcsb.org)
In this study, we characterize the linear B-cell epitopes for three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Hev b 5. (cdc.gov)
On the newest podcast with Drug Target Review ( Episode 6 - mAbs and SARS-CoV-2 with Dr. Carter Mitchell & Dr. Sharath Madasu, Kemp Proteins ), Carter Mitchell, Chief Scientific Officer and Sharath Madasu, Manager of Protein Characterization of Kemp Proteins , discussed the role of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against COVID-19 and how the pandemic has shaped their discovery and development. (moleculardevices.com)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) act on viruses through viral neutralization. (moleculardevices.com)
Invenra and Oxford BioTherapeutics (OBT) are partnering to identify and characterize a panel of fully human therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a novel cancer target that OBT has identified utilizing its target discovery platform OGAP® (Oxford Genome Anatomy Project). (genengnews.com)
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) m266, which identifies an epitope within A13C26, was employed for catch, and Asp1 (3D6), A40 (2G3), or A42 (21F12) particular antibodies had been employed for recognition (Desk 1). (ees2010prague.org)
As a result of the epitopes of some function-blocking anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lie close to the ligand-binding pocket, it follows that the epitopes of those mAbs might turn out to be shielded within the ligand-occupied state. (holliseden.com)
Furthermore, a combination cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the synthetic peptides of the double chimeric vaccine provided the most effective protection against disseminated candidiasis. (lsuhsc.edu)
In this work, we evaluated a panel of 16 anti-BoNT/A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for their ability to inhibit the in vitro activity of BoNT/A1, /A2, and /A3 complex as well as the recombinant LC of A1. (cdc.gov)
Similar to the human MAbs 2909, PG9, and PG16, these rhesus macaque monoclonal antibodies (RhMAbs) recognize QNEs that include the V2 and V3 loops. (woofahs.com)
Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) using two epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to examine the expression kinetics of two potentially immunogenic and diagnostically relevant viral antigens, an envelope glycoprotein and a capsid-associated protein. (stir.ac.uk)
We describe a panel of 25 potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from vaccinees suffering BA.2 breakthrough infections. (ox.ac.uk)
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
Disclosed herein are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza H5N1 strain. (justia.com)
To facilitate antigenic characterization of the A(H1N1)pdm09 HA, we generated a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the HA of A/California/04/2009. (scapca.org)
Most neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies target novel epitopes requiring both Lassa virus glycoprotein subunits. (bvsalud.org)
Here we have cloned 113 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for LASV glycoproteins from memory B cells of Lassa fever survivors from West Africa . (bvsalud.org)
Murine leukocytes are thought to express α2-3-sialylated and α1-3-fucosylated selectin ligands such as sialyl Lewis x (sLe x ), although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sLe x or Le x reportedly do not bind to murine leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)

B-cell epitope mapping studies suggest that most interactions between antigens and antibodies, particularly autoantibodies and protective antibodies (e.g., in vaccines), rely on binding to discontinuous epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
Epitope data have been central to several high-profile legal cases involving disputes over the specific protein regions targeted by therapeutic antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
This method is fast, relatively inexpensive, and specifically suited to profile epitopes for large numbers of candidate antibodies against a defined target. (wikipedia.org)
Since apoptosis can make autoantigens accessible for recognition by antibodies, and also create neo-epitopes by chemical modifications occurring naturally during this process, we sought to determine if CLL mAbs recognize autoantigens associated with apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Rabbit antibodies can recognize a number of targetable epitopes on humans than rodent antibodies which is pivotal in basic research and in pre-clinical trials. (news-medical.net)
We used SPOTscan analysis with overlapping octapeptides to identify the binding regions for the antibodies and then methionine substitution analysis to further define the critical amino acids (aa) in each epitope. (cdc.gov)
The antibodies did not appear to recognize the epitope 63-68 in the recombinant fusion protein. (cdc.gov)
The epitope mapping that Integral Molecular has done has greatly supported both our mechanistic understanding and the intellectual property claims of our proprietary antibodies. (integralmolecular.com)
The association between aPL antibodies and particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and HLA-linked epitopes has been reported in studies of patients with lupus erythematous (eg, HLA-DR7, HLA-DR4). (medscape.com)
Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Neutralizing antibodies can provide a first line of defense against influenza pathogens and passive immunization with neutralizing MAbs can provide immediate effects to prevent the spread of influenza infection and mortality. (justia.com)
We describe the initial characterization of these mAbs, the identification of several antibodies with neutralizing and hemagglutination activity, and the evaluation of antibodies for their protective TFRC effect in mice when administered. (scapca.org)

Conformational epitopes epitopes are formed by amino acids that are nearby in the folded 3D structure but distant in the protein sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Note that conformational epitopes can include some linear segments. (wikipedia.org)
Many therapeutic mAbs target conformational epitopes that are only present when the protein is in its native (properly folded) state, which can make epitope mapping challenging. (wikipedia.org)

In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually, on a protein). (wikipedia.org)
Epitope characterization can also help elucidate the binding mechanism of an antibody and can strengthen intellectual property (patent) protection. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to verifying antibody patentability, epitope mapping data have been used to support broad antibody claims submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office. (wikipedia.org)
There are several methods available for mapping antibody epitopes on target antigens: X-ray co-crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). (wikipedia.org)
X-ray co-crystallography has historically been regarded as the gold-standard approach for epitope mapping because it allows direct visualization of the interaction between the antigen and antibody. (wikipedia.org)
We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
The phase display method can also be used to engineer single domain antibody formats, such as the N-terminal variable light chain (VL) and N-terminal variable heavy chain (VH) from rabbit mAbs. (news-medical.net)
Other methods that are used to produce rabbit mAbs and to analyze immune antibody repertoires are high-throughput DNA technologies with mass spectrometry. (news-medical.net)
To investigate antigen-antibody interactions and assess the potential of the most common epitope mapping techniques, we generated a series of mAbs against factor H binding protein (fHbp), a key virulence factor and vaccine antigen of Neisseria meningitidis. (rcsb.org)
Collectively, these data show that linear epitope mapping techniques provide useful but incomplete descriptions of B-cell epitopes, indicating that increased efforts to fully characterize antigen-antibody interfaces are required to understand and design effective immunogens. (rcsb.org)
In some cases, these broad neutralizing antibody responses can be mapped to the CD4-binding site of Env while in most cases a single epitope specificity cannot be identified to recapitulate the neutralizing breadth of the corresponding plasma (1, 4, 14, 15, 23, 25). (woofahs.com)
Detailed analyses of the epitope specificities of broad plasma neutralizing antibody responses performed by several groups revealed the presence in HIV-positive (HIV+) plasmas of NAbs with as yet undefined epitope specificities (1, 15, 18, 23). (woofahs.com)
To develop mAbs to potentially target oncofetal antigens and be repurposed for antibody or antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. (atsbio.com)
In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)

Apart from having a simpler structure, rabbit mAbs offer higher binding affinity (10 to 100 times more) and specificity than murine mAbs, and they are easier to humanize. (news-medical.net)
The latex allergen Hev b 5 is an antigen with repetitive murine B-cell epitopes. (cdc.gov)
The specificity of one such mAb, 5E3, to murine TLR4 was confirmed by its recognition of an epitope within the second quarter of the ectodomain. (tum.de)
CSLEX-1, HECA-452, and other widely used mAbs to sLe x and Le x did not bind to WEHI-3 cells and bound at very low levels to murine neutrophils. (ashpublications.org)
Consistent with very low endogenous fucosylation, forced fucosylation of intact WEHI-3 cells or murine neutrophils by exogenous α1-3-fucosyltransferase FTVI and GDP-fucose created many new epitopes for anti-sLe x mAbs such as HECA-452 and CSLEX-1. (ashpublications.org)

PfCSP, the primary surface antigen of P. falciparum sporozoites, is a major target for vaccines and mAbs as it is both highly conserved and critical for the initiation of malaria infection. (nature.com)
The MAbs recognize the highly conserved HA1 region of H5N1 hemagglutinin and inhibit multiple strains of the H5N1 virus, as well as treated mice infected with a lethal dose of H5N1 viruses of two divergent strains, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents for multivalent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (justia.com)

When protective, such nnAbs would constitute a more promising alternative to neutralizing mAbs (nAbs). (lu.se)

These libraries are generated to identify mAbs with high affinity and specificity. (news-medical.net)
The binding properties of an array of selected rat mAbs differed in respect to their specificity for TLR4/MD-2 complex. (tum.de)
Consequently, we compared the fine epitope specificities of these RhMAbs to the epitope specificity of the human MAb 2909. (woofahs.com)

Epitope mapping has been crucial to the development of vaccines against prevalent or deadly viral pathogens, such as chikungunya, dengue, Ebola, and Zika viruses, by determining the antigenic elements (epitopes) that confer long-lasting immunization effects. (wikipedia.org)
By immortalizing IgG-expressing B cells from 4 individuals, we isolated 20 heterosubtypic mAbs that bound and neutralized viruses belonging to several HA subtypes (H1, H2, H5, H6, and H9), including the pandemic A/California/07/09 H1N1 isolate. (jci.org)
Four mAbs were evaluated in vivo and protected mice from challenge with influenza viruses representative of different subtypes. (jci.org)
These results highlight similarities in the B-cell responses of humans and macaques to structurally complex neutralization epitopes on related viruses, HIV-1 and SHIV. (woofahs.com)
However, it has been difficult to obtain MAbs which neutralize divergent strains of influenza viruses with sufficient cross-protective immunity. (justia.com)

Finally, neither technique can distinguish key epitope residues (energetic "hot spots") for mAbs that bind to the same group of amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
These nnAbs bind to epitopes that could be less subjected to mutations in the emerging variants. (lu.se)
They appear to bind to conserved epitopes on the N-terminal and receptor binding domain (RBD), respectively. (lu.se)
Initial studies suggest that CLL mAbs bind autoantigens. (nih.gov)
These rare mAbs bind to functionally conserved epitopes such as those in the hemagglutinin (HA) stem, thereby providing strain independent protection. (frontiersin.org)
We confirmed that the anti-α5 subunit mAbs JBS5, SNAKA52, 16, and P1D6 didn't disrupt IFCs and therefore appeared unable to bind to the ligand-occupied state. (holliseden.com)
A brand new mannequin of the α5β1-fibronectin complicated helps our speculation that the epitopes of mAbs that fail to bind to the ligand-occupied state lie inside, or very near, the integrin-fibronectin interface. (holliseden.com)
More recently, two additional human MAbs, PG9 and (R)-(-)-Mandelic acid PG16, were isolated from a subject infected with clade A HIV-1 and were shown to bind to a QNE that also includes the V2 and V3 loops (30). (woofahs.com)

This revealed a unique but overlapping binding epitope for P2G3 that S309 and AZD1061 also recognize. (news-medical.net)
Our detailed epitope Rabbit polyclonal to HNRNPM mapping analysis reveals that although the human MAb 2909 and the RhMAbs recognize that same overall Env complex region, their. (woofahs.com)
Only the anti-sLe x mAbs 2H5 and KM93, which also recognize nonfucosylated glycans, bound to WEHI-3 cells. (ashpublications.org)

In a multimeric form, the peptide could induce an epitope-specific response following immunization in rabbits and mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Although a 12-residue epitope in the C terminus of fHbp was identified by both Peptide Scanning and Phage Display Library screening, other approaches, such as hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (MS) and X-ray crystallography, showed that mAb 12C1 occupies an area of ∼1,000 Å(2) on fHbp, including >20 fHbp residues distributed on both N- and C-terminal domains. (rcsb.org)

Experimental epitope mapping data can be incorporated into robust algorithms to facilitate in silico prediction of B-cell epitopes based on sequence and/or structural data. (wikipedia.org)
Among them, 42 could be produced and characterized for solubility, oligomerization state, thermal stability, epitope exposure and structural properties. (europa.eu)
Structural and immunological characterization of a linear virus-neutralizing epitope of the rabies virus glycoprotein and its possible use in a synthetic vaccine. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Mapping epitopes on these targets can be challenging because of the difficulty in expressing and purifying these complex proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane proteins frequently have short antigenic regions (epitopes) that fold correctly only when in the context of a lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, mAb epitopes on these membrane proteins are often conformational and, therefore, are more difficult to map. (wikipedia.org)
Rabbit mAbs are considered superior reagents in immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, flow cytometry, as well as in the detection of post-transcriptional modification of proteins. (news-medical.net)
Site-directed mutagenesis was used to selectively eliminate the IgG binding for each epitope and single and multiple mutations were expressed as recombinant GST fusion proteins. (cdc.gov)
Inhibition ELISA with the mutant proteins indicated that epitope 126-131 was the dominant epitope, but mutation of epitope 120-125 was also required to eliminate mAb reactivity to Hev b 5. (cdc.gov)

These properties of rabbit mAbs make them useful in cases where antigens exhibit weak immunogenicity. (news-medical.net)
For instance, rabbit mAbs have been developed to detect the expression of tumor-associated antigens, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer, helicobacter pylori infections, circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer, and so on. (news-medical.net)

Recently, we identified the minor repeat-specific mAb L9 as one of the most potent anti-PfCSP mAbs isolated to date 17 , which can also confer high-level sterilizing immunity against CHMI in humans 4 . (nature.com)
Like many of the most potent NPNA-specific mAbs, L9 is encoded by the IGHV3-33 / IGKV1-5 heavy/light chain gene combination. (nature.com)
Also, the two mAbs were the most potent against the spikes from BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 variants. (news-medical.net)
Notably, P2G3 showed no loss of activity against BA.1 spike relative to other VOCs and was 42-fold more potent than AZD1061, ADG-2, REGN10933, AZD8895, and REGN10987 mAbs. (news-medical.net)
Here, we describe a panel of MAbs from SHIVSF162P4-infected rhesus macaques that demonstrates extremely potent neutralization against the homologous virus (that expresses the same Env as HIV-1 SF162) and that recognizes QNEs present on the surface of intact virions. (woofahs.com)
Epitope mapping shows potent mAb binding shifting to 3 clusters, 2 corresponding to early-pandemic binding hotspots. (ox.ac.uk)

Approximately 11 rabbit mAbs have been approved by the United States Food and Drug administration (USFDA) for in vitro diagnosis in clinics. (news-medical.net)
We also found that mAbs inhibited P. vivax entry into reticulocytes in vitro. (tropmedres.ac)

The smaller sizes of VL and VH make them useful in the recognition of cryptic epitopes. (news-medical.net)
Eleven mAbs competed with each other for binding, indicating recognition of the same or overlapping epitopes. (tropmedres.ac)
Naturally acquired blocking Abs to DBPII from individuals with high levels residing in different P. vivax-endemic areas worldwide competed with mAbs, suggesting broadly shared recognition sites. (tropmedres.ac)

2H5 and KM93 bound to pronase-resistant structures, indicating that the mAbs did not identify selectin ligands. (ashpublications.org)

The mAbs used different VH genes and carried a high frequency of somatic mutations. (jci.org)
The impact of a particular variant mutation on EC50 depends on whether the mutations are at the binding epitope or not. (moleculardevices.com)
Since each subset has a specific binding epitope, the mutations can quickly be recognized by one or a combination of mAb subsets. (moleculardevices.com)

To neutralize LPS signaling in experimental models of sepsis, we generated mAbs toward the TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex. (tum.de)
Notably, of the 16 mAbs that neutralize LASV, 13 require the assembled glycoprotein complex for binding, while the remaining 3 require GP1 only. (bvsalud.org)
Some mAbs potently neutralize all four LASV lineages. (bvsalud.org)

The technology allows rapid identification of high-affinity mAbs with broad epitope coverage while simultaneously performing direct phenotypic screening to isolate those mAbs with relevant biological activity, which can lead to the selection of the best lead compounds for further development, according to Invenra. (genengnews.com)

In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)

Epitope mapping can reveal how a mAb exerts its functional effects - for instance, by blocking the binding of a ligand or by trapping a protein in a non-functional state. (wikipedia.org)
Epitope mapping has become prevalent in protecting the intellectual property (IP) of therapeutic mAbs. (wikipedia.org)
The epitope mapping resolution depends on the number of overlapping peptides that are used. (wikipedia.org)
Linear epitopes identified by conventional mapping techniques only partially reflect the immunogenic properties of the epitope in its natural conformation, thus limiting the success of this approach. (rcsb.org)
The interaction of fHbp with the bactericidal mAb 12C1 was studied by various epitope mapping methods. (rcsb.org)
What makes our epitope mapping platform better? (integralmolecular.com)
What epitope mapping services do we offer? (integralmolecular.com)
How does Integral Molecular perform its Epitope Mapping service? (integralmolecular.com)

These two MAbs were proven to inhibit virus infection in the post-attachment process rather than inhibition of receptor binding. (justia.com)

Izadi, A , Godzwon, M , Ohlin, M & Nordenfelt, P 2023 ' Protective non-neutralizing mAbs targets conserved opsonic epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 variants ' bioRxiv. (lu.se)

In general, ~60% of CLL mAbs bound the surfaces of apoptotic cells, were polyreactive, and expressed unmutated IGHV. (nih.gov)
With the exception of a mAb that bound to the HA globular head, all heterosubtypic mAbs bound to acid-sensitive epitopes in the HA stem region. (jci.org)
In distinction, the allosteric anti-β1 subunit mAbs 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 may dissociate IFCs and due to this fact have been capable of work together with the ligand-bound state. (holliseden.com)

We identified 12 DBPII-specific human mAbs from distinct lineages that blocked DBPII-DARC binding. (tropmedres.ac)

By cross-competition experiments using these MAbs and several others previously described, six distinct antigenic determinants were identified and mapped. (wikigenes.org)

Another design strategy was developed using gammaretroviruses backbone where 2 domains were substituted with HIV epitopes in the N-terminal part of the ectodomain and the membrane proximal external region (MPER) respectively. (europa.eu)

The Omicron variant is also resistant to many mAbs and persists in circulation as different sub-variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5), reflecting the unprecedented need for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. (news-medical.net)
In comparison, the neutralizing potency of P2G3 against BA.1 and BA.2 variants far exceeded that of currently authorized mAbs. (news-medical.net)

This second class of mAbs was additionally distinguished from 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 by their potential to induce homotypic cell aggregation. (holliseden.com)

A 12 aa synthetic peptide of this epitope was recognized by both mAbs and sera from a subset of rabies-vaccinated dogs. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Four of these Mabs identify reduction-sensitive epitopes within the epidermal growth factor-like domain found near the C-terminus of MSP4. (bios-mep.info)

iv) To investigate the protective mechanisms of the protective peptide-specific mAbs. (lsuhsc.edu)

Screening of a phage-display library demonstrated that two glycoprotein-specific mAbs recognized a conserved sequence, WxxxDI, which aligned between aa 14 and 19 of the mature glycoprotein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Screening of truncated glycoprotein fragments with both mAbs confirmed the location of the epitope in the N-terminal region. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A number of rabbit mAbs are under clinical trials and some are already being used in cancer therapy. (news-medical.net)

Linear epitopes are formed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein. (wikipedia.org)
We identified an immunodominant B-cell epitope in Hev b 5 that is repeated 3 times within the sequence, making Hev b 5 multivalent. (cdc.gov)

It is possible that these undefined specificities include quaternary neutralizing epitopes (QNEs) and/or sugar molecules which coat the HIV Env spike expressed on the surface of viral particles. (woofahs.com)

While rabbit mAbs developed by this technology are valuable reagents for laboratory research purposes and in diagnostic applications, the methodology is difficult. (news-medical.net)

native parasite protein and collectively identified at least six epitopes. (bios-mep.info)

The epitopes of the Lassa virus (LASV) surface glycoproteins recognized by naturally infected human hosts have not been identified or characterized. (bvsalud.org)

All mAbs were P. vivax strain transcending and targeted known binding motifs of DBPII with DARC. (tropmedres.ac)

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