Lymphocytes cytotoxic t cells and dendritic cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Dendritic cell immunotherapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: University of Tokyo experience. (nwbio.com)
Large-scale immunomagnetic selection of CD14+ monocytes to generate dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy: a phase I study. (nwbio.com)
Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, is a cancer treatment that enhances the body's natural defenses to fight off cancer cells. (pharmiweb.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: CD40 ligand is essential for generation of specific cytotoxic T cell responses in RNA-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy. (duke.edu)
BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a promising form of adjuvant therapy for high-risk tumors. (duke.edu)
Studies to antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T cells, the biology of dendritic cells and the regulation of immunity are aimed to raise our understanding of the immune reactions to tumor cells and improve immunotherapy of cancer. (universiteitleiden.nl)
As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
To determine if the improved response to treatment in the absence of iNKT cells was independent from the immunotherapy employed, 4T1-tumor bearing WT and iNKT −/− mice were treated with local radiotherapy in combination with antibody-mediated CD137 co-stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer immunotherapy with mRNA-transfected dendritic cells. (nova.edu)
Most types of cancerous conditions can be treated with the ACTL tumor targeted immunotherapy , unfortunately T-cell lymphoma cannot be accepted for at current stage for technical reasons. (immunotherapychina.com)
ACTL cancer immunotherapy targets the tumor cells and stops them from further spreading or destroy them. (immunotherapychina.com)
Unlike the immunotherapies in early ages, the cell cultivation process of the ACTL immunotherapy has been upgraded to fulfill the needs in clinical treatment. (immunotherapychina.com)
The ACTL immunotherapy can not only reverse the drug-resistance developed during the hormone treatment, but possibly reverse the tumor cells' resistance to the molecular targeted drugs, such as Iressa and Avastin. (immunotherapychina.com)
ACTL immunotherapy can increase the IL-12 and IFN-y's expression levels of the DCs, in contrary, the expression levels of IL-10 can be decreased, the mixture of rAAV-infected DC and lymphocytes will increase the number of the DC8+T cells, the number of the CD4+T cells will be decreased. (immunotherapychina.com)
Nivolumab, a cancer immunotherapy, is a checkpoint inhibitor that functions by blocking the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 pathway and restoring immunity against tumor cells ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

The process was simplified and infection efficiency was improved that with only one transfection, over 90% of the dendritic cells (DCs) will be infected with the antigens carried by the AAV. (immunotherapychina.com)

EBV-associated gastric cancer evades T-cell immunity by PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. (researchmap.jp)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
The major site of mucosal immunity is in the intestinal immune system, and HIV rapidly infects and destroys these cells, even in patients undergoing therapy. (arizona.edu)
This review discusses mechanisms underlying protumorigenic programming of myeloid cells and discusses how targeting of these has potential to attenuate solid tumor progression via the induction and of mobilization CD8 cytotoxic T cell immunity. (nih.gov)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells, which respond rapidly to antigen recognition and promote development of anti-tumor immunity in many tumor models. (biomedcentral.com)
Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise a subset of lymphocytes originating from a distinct developmental lineage [ 1 ] which bridge innate and adaptive immunity and modulate immune responses in autoimmunity, malignancies and infections [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
Gene modified dendritic cells (DC) are able to modulate DC functions and induce therapeutic immunity or tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Economou's research interests in tumor immunology include dendritic cell vaccination, DNA vaccines and adoptive cell therapy using genetically engineered T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Maturation and trafficking of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in monkeys: implications for dendritic cell-based vaccines. (nwbio.com)
These vaccines prevent tumor formation in 80% of mice inoculated with HER2/neu‐overexpressing DD breast cancer cells. (nsf.gov)
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a key role in the control of many virus infections, and the need for vaccines to elicit strong CD8+ T-cell responses in order to provide optimal protection in such infections is increasingly apparent. (bioskinrevive.com)
Both peptide and cell-based vaccines possess 193620-69-8 used several strategies: (1) epitopes together with carrier protein to improve immunogenicity, (2) adoptive T-cell transfer and (3) DCs pulsed with peptides. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Vaccines which successfully protect against virus infections usually need to induce a broadly reactive immune response which includes the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). (duke.edu)

Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Background: Tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC). (uni-muenchen.de)
The major breakthrough is the identification of a biomarker of HIV persistent cells in vivo. (europa.eu)
Although CNC exposures are associated with pulmonary inflammation and damage as well as oxidative stress responses and genotoxicity in vivo, studies evaluating cell transformation or tumorigenic potential of CNC's were not previously conducted. (cdc.gov)

Macrophages and dendritic cells on the surface of mucous membranes bind virus and shuttle it into the lymph nodes, which contain high concentrations of helper T cells (CD4+ T cells). (arizona.edu)
Once inhaled by the host, the fungus interacts with alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells present in the lungs, where it can form a pulmonary focus or spread through the blood and lymphatic vessels [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
E ) Upon virus attack in epithelial cells, probiotics mediate their antiviral effects by eliciting immune responses by activating macrophages and dendritic cells. (news-medical.net)

Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
The tough cryogel vaccine induces strong antigen‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte and humoral responses. (nsf.gov)

Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. (nwbio.com)
F ) Activation of immune response leads to differentiating CD8 + T lymphocytes into CTLs, capable of destroying virus-infected cells. (news-medical.net)
Therefore, the CTLs activated by the rAAV-infected DCs are able to eliminate the tumor cells which present positive for one or several types of tumor related antigens, the cells present negative for such antigens will be not affected. (immunotherapychina.com)
These CTLs are tumor antigen targeted, cause no harm to the normal cells. (immunotherapychina.com)

Subsets of γδ TCR-bearing T cells, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and dendritic cells express CD8a without CD8b. (bdbiosciences.com)

Fusion cell vaccination of patients with metastatic breast and renal cancer induces immunological and clinical responses. (nwbio.com)
Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. (nwbio.com)
Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
Vaccination of prostatectomized prostate cancer patients in biochemical relapse, with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant human PSA. (nwbio.com)
Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with gemcitabine increases survival in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model. (uni-muenchen.de)
For prophylactic vaccination, mice were vaccinated three times in weekly intervals prior to tumor challenge with Panc02 cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
DC-based vaccination also prevented death from pulmonary metastatization after i.v.-injection of Panc02 cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Therapeutic vaccination has the major advantage that the induced immune response selectively attacks tumors while leaving the healthy cells untouched. (universiteitleiden.nl)
The result is the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, accompanied by an auto-vaccination preventing the recurrence of cancer. (pipelinereview.com)
Tries at cancers vaccination took many forms, from unaggressive immunization with antitumor antibodies to positively generating an immune system response with autologous/allogeneic tumor lysate, artificial peptides, nude DNA or recombinant viral vectors, aswell as administering immune system cells right to sufferers. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
A companion research in anaplastic gliomas, researched regular monthly vaccination with glioma cell lines augmented using the adjuvant Bacillus CalmetteCGurin (BCG), but also didn't show a success advantage.35 Interestingly, this research had a 20% rate of dementia that was postulated could possibly be autoimmune in etiology, although further investigation was limited. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Here we identify two stage-specific enhancers: the proximal enhancer mediates the constitutive CCL5 expression during the steady state, while the distal enhancer located 1.35 Mb from the promoter induces CCL5 expression in activated cells. (nature.com)
The vaccine induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes to disrupt cancer stem cell antigens. (cedars-sinai.edu)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

The GBM cancer stem cell vaccine is cellular and consists of patients' autologous dendritic cells infused with tumor lysate from an allogenic glioblastoma cancer stem cell line. (cedars-sinai.edu)

Loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens associated with a specific organ results in the activation of organ-specific T and B cells that in turn cause organ-specific inflammation and the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 5 ), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ( 6 ), psoriasis ( 7 ), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cell-to-cell interactions set off a cascade of events that may result in T- or B-cell activation and, ultimately, host defense. (medscape.com)
Reductions in HIV specific helper T cell numbers may lead to decreased activation and survival of cytotoxic CD8 T cells. (arizona.edu)
Reduced CD4 T cells may also result in an incomplete activation of CD8 T cells that can remove HIV infected cells, resulting in a decreased ability to destroy virally infected cells. (arizona.edu)
It is also known that an effective response against Pb depends on both TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocyte activation in the presence of ideal concentrations of Th1 inflammatory cytokines [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Activation of DC surface CD40 influences DC cytokine production, particularly that of interleukin (IL)-12, which favors a Th1 (cytotoxic) helper T cell response. (duke.edu)
This protein is also expressed (although at lower levels) on a subset of CD8+ T cells following activation (2, 28, 39, 53), and its expression has been documented on several other cell types, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and B cells (reviewed in reference 66). (bioskinrevive.com)
CD40L-CD40 interactions were originally shown to play a key role in thymus-dependent humoral immune responses, mediating cognate interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells that are essential for B-cell activation and differentiation, class switching, germinal center formation, and the generation of B-cell memory (reviewed in references 21 and 31). (bioskinrevive.com)
A current model for the role of this system argues that CD40L is upregulated upon activation of CD4+ T cells following recognition of antigen presented by dendritic cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
3) Activation of cytotoxic T cells requires costimulation by Compact disc28 and Compact disc80 (B7.1). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
CTLA-4 antibodies inhibit CLTA-4 binding, favoring activation of cytotoxic T cells. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Among the host cells recruited into tumor microenvironments, several subtypes of myeloid cells, including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes contribute to tumor development by providing tumor-promoting factors as well as a spectrum of molecules that suppress cytotoxic activities of T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
CD40L then interacts with CD40 on the dendritic cell surface, leading to the induction Kaempferol inhibitor of costimulatory activity mediated by both cell surface molecules and cytokines such as interleukin-12 by the dendritic cell (11, 35). (bioskinrevive.com)
In a study of lung adenocarcinoma [ 4 ] , EMT markers were associated with enhanced tumor infiltration of CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs and upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death (PD)-ligand (L) 1, PD-L2, TIM-3, B7-H3, and CTLA-4. (encyclopedia.pub)
It encodes cell surface molecules specialized to present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Class I MHC molecules are present as transmembrane glycoproteins on the surface of all nucleated cells. (msdmanuals.com)
T cells that express CD8 molecules react with class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Because every nucleated cell expresses class I MHC molecules, all infected cells can act as antigen-presenting cells for CD8 T cells (CD8 binds to the nonpolymorphic part of the class I heavy chain). (msdmanuals.com)
Some class I MHC genes encode nonclassical MHC molecules, such as HLA-G (which may play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response) and HLA-E (which presents peptides to certain receptors on natural killer [NK] cells). (msdmanuals.com)
most nucleated cells can be induced to express class II MHC molecules by interferon (IFN)-gamma. (msdmanuals.com)
T cells reactive to class II molecules express CD4 and are often helper cells. (msdmanuals.com)

In humans, at least two subsets of DC are known in the blood, myeloid DC (also known as interstitial or dermal DC), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in the tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)

The striking observation from two phase I clinical trials, in patients with prostate cancer immunized with prostate-specific antigen mRNA-transfected DCs and patients with renal cancer immunized with autologous tumor RNA-transfected DCs, was that the majority of patients exhibited a vaccine-induced T-cell response. (nova.edu)
One technique, T-cell transfer, requires first vaccinating individuals with irradiated autologous tumor cell, accompanied by inguinal lymph-node biopsy to harvest the T cells that react to the vaccine. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

After a complex process of education and maturation, a circulating lymphocyte can bind to an antigen. (medscape.com)
HIV uptake by DCs is unique in that it does not preferentially drive DC maturation and stimulate T cell instruction, but rather favors viral spread [10]. (jscimedcentral.com)
We found that efficient gene transfer into pDC can be achieved with VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LV) under the control of phoshoglycerate kinase (PGK) and elongation factor-1 (EF1α) promoters (28% to 90% of E-GFP + cells, respectively) in the absence of phenotypic and functional maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we comment briefly upon the characterization of an emerging regulatory pathway that enhances Th-1 polarization and CD8(+) CTL responses by a mechanism dependent upon CD40L-mediated T-cell help. (nih.gov)
Several human studies have observed epitope spreading in beta cell-specific humoral responses from birth to disease onset in offspring of diabetic parents. (nature.com)
Early induction of a T H 2 response to one specific β-cell autoantigen (βCAA) accelerated epitope spreading of T H 2 responses to other βCAAs and can prevent the development of diabetes in the NOD mice. (nature.com)
CCL5 is a unique chemokine with distinct stage and cell-type specificities for regulating inflammation, but how these specificities are achieved and how CCL5 modulates immune responses is not well understood. (nature.com)
Therefore, host CCL5 can obviously work as an anticancer molecule to mount relevant immune responses against some cancer cells. (nature.com)
There is a rapid turnover of CD4+ T cells that ultimately leads to their destruction and to a change in lymphoid tissues that prevent immune responses. (arizona.edu)
DCs transfected with tumor-associated antigens are capable of stimulating antigen-specific T cells, but cytolytic responses have been disappointing. (duke.edu)
Dendritic cells (DC) are central purveyors of both innate and adaptive immune responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
Maturing DCs acquire a phenotype that allows them to migrate through the lymphatic system and stimulate adaptive lymphocyte responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
A failure of DCs to mature, as witnessed during HIV uptake, however, leads to attenuation of antigen-specific immune responses and may significantly contribute to induction of T cell regulatory responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
They are also key players in spread of infection via trans-CD4 T cell infection (or in cis), and stimulation of adaptive immune responses in attempt to eliminate virus. (jscimedcentral.com)
This review focuses on how HIV is recognized and processed by DCs, the responses (and lack thereof) generated by DCs after capture, the role of DCs in HIV transfer to CD4 T cells, and the role of DCs in immunomodulatory responses to HIV. (jscimedcentral.com)
Surprisingly, we previously found that mice deficient in iNKT cells developed spontaneous CD8 + T cells responses partially effective at inhibiting metastases in mice bearing the 4T1 mammary carcinoma, and showed a markedly improved response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody compared to wild type (WT) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
iNKT cells can promote the polarization of adaptive immune responses towards both Th1 and Th2 and can secrete immunosuppressive cytokines [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
The innate responses also dictate what kind of effector cell a helper T cell will develop into and thereby determine the nature of the adaptive immune response elicited. (nih.gov)
We also consider how innate immune responses determine the nature of adaptive responses by stimulating helper T cells to differentiate into either T H 1 or T H 2 effector cells. (nih.gov)
In addition, CD40L-CD40 interactions have been shown to be involved in the initiation of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses (24, 25, 65, 71). (bioskinrevive.com)
Similarly, a genomic and proteomic analysis based on a tumor cell EMT signature conducted across almost 2000 different tumors [ 5 ] revealed a strong association between EMT and markers of inhibited or exhausted immune responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
Scholars@Duke publication: Induction in vitro of primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins. (duke.edu)
Dendritic cells, as APC, generated the maximal responses, but such cells needed to be transfected with DNA in the presence of a cationic lipid. (duke.edu)
We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with nivolumab, a PD-1 blocker that is used to restore impaired T-cell responses in patients with cancer and infections. (cdc.gov)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)

The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection. (hindawi.com)

Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
Granzyme B is crucial for rapid induction of cell death and apoptosis through interaction with mannose-6-phosphate receptor. (biolegend.com)
Granzyme B is able to induce target cell apoptosis by activating caspase independent pathways. (biolegend.com)
Animal experiments demonstrated that fingolimod could reduce edema, cell apoptosis and cerebra atrophy and show neuroprotective function in ICH rats [ 8 ]. (karger.com)
Likewise, dexamethasone can reduce cerebral cell apoptosis and inhibit inflammation [ 10 ,] and deferoxamine (DFX) provides new therapy target [ 11 ]. (karger.com)
If a T cell receives signal 1 without signal 2, it may undergo apoptosis or become altered so that it can no longer be activated, even if it later receives both signals ( Figure 24-62 ). (nih.gov)
PD-1 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on dendritic, NK, CD4, CD8, and T-cells and involved in downregulation of the immune system by promotion of activated T-cell apoptosis and diminution of regulatory T-cell apoptosis to stop unrestrained cytotoxic functions ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)

Dendritic cells transfected with heat-shock protein 70 messenger RNA for patients with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 1 dose escalation clinical trial. (researchmap.jp)

Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
While CD4 T cells are by far the most abundant HIV-infected cell, DCs express a variety of HIV co-receptors and lectin receptors that modulate HIV uptake, antigen processing, and trans-infection to T cells, thus contributing to a wide variety of immunological outcomes. (jscimedcentral.com)
In addition, the ability of HIV to exploit DC surface receptors or intracellular routing mechanisms to avoid antigen-processing machinery also contributes to viral persistence and promotes trans or cis-infection of CD4 T cells. (jscimedcentral.com)
Although initially identified by co-expression of conventional αβ T-cell receptors (TCR) and markers typically associated with natural killer (NK) cells [ 3 ], NKT are currently distinguished on the basis of CD1d restriction as well as specific usage of TCRα chains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The signaling events initiated by the binding of peptide-MHC complexes to T cell receptors (signal 1). (nih.gov)
2003), and (c) availability of T lymphocytes way how skin sensitization is dealt with in toxicological with T-cell receptors specific for the hapten-peptide con- risk assessment: while older test systems aimed at pure jugates formed (Budinger et al. (cdc.gov)
These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)

In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
FGL2-expressing Regulatory T Cells. (rmmj.org.il)

H ) CD4 + cells differentiate into Th2 cells, which induce B-cells' proliferation that produces antibodies like IgA, IgG, and IgM. (news-medical.net)
In this study, we aimed to assess the neoplastic-like transformation potential of two forms of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in comparison to fibrous tremolite (TF), known to induce lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

For example, they have been shown to be of importance in the inflammatory immune response, regulating the induction of secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-12, and gamma interferon (IFN-), and of nitric oxide by monocytes and macrophages and prolonging the survival Kaempferol inhibitor of these cells at sites of inflammation (reviewed in references 23 and 61). (bioskinrevive.com)
A large body of evidence has shown that EMT tumor cells and immune cells can reciprocally influence each other, with EMT cells promoting immune exclusion and deviation and immune cells promoting, under certain circumstances, the induction of EMT in tumor cells. (encyclopedia.pub)

Granzyme B is abundantly stored in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. (biolegend.com)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with CD8 FITC, fixed, permeabilized, and then stained with Granzyme B (clone QA16A02, left) Alexa Fluor® 647 or mouse IgG1, κ Alexa Fluor® 647 isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
Granzyme B is induced in CD8 + T lymphocytes with ConA/ IL-2 and CD4 + T lymphocytes with anti CD3/CD28 or CD3/CD46. (biolegend.com)

Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
The lymphoid infiltrate contained predominantly CD3(+) T cells and scattered KP-1(+) mononuclear cells, without CD20(+) B cells. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
HIV enters the body and binds to dendritic cells (orange cells with projections) which carry the virus to CD4+ T cells in lymphoid tissue establishing the infection. (arizona.edu)
Expression of CD4 and CCR5 is highest in memory T cells that reside in mucosal effector lymphoid tissue. (arizona.edu)
1. Prepare a single-cell suspension from the lymphoid tissue of interest according to standard laboratory procedures. (bdbiosciences.com)
DCs after that migrate to lymphoid cells where they present the antigens to T cells. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

After being induced with cytokines, the monocytes will transform to the powerful antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs). (immunotherapychina.com)
Lymphocytes and monocytes are separated. (immunotherapychina.com)

Please refer to the Separation Flow Chart to identify the separated cell populations represented in this figure. (bdbiosciences.com)
It is well established that cancer development ensues based on reciprocal interactions between genomically altered neoplastic cells and diverse populations of recruited "host" cells co-opted to support malignant progression. (nih.gov)
The Kaempferol inhibitor fact that CD40L and CD40 are expressed in a tightly controlled fashion on T cells and on many different cell populations with which they interact suggests that CD40L-CD40 interactions are probably involved in the regulation of a number of aspects of the immune response. (bioskinrevive.com)
These antigen-presenting cells (APC) were then used to stimulate enriched populations of naive T cells in microcultures for 5 days in vitro. (duke.edu)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)

The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)
This study evaluated the effects of exogenous soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) on RNA-transfected DC preparations and their subsequent ability to generate antimelanoma cytolytic T cells. (duke.edu)
Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)

The latter is expressed on a variety of cell types with antigen-presenting cell function, including B cells, dendritic cells, activated macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and endothelial cells (reviewed in reference 66). (bioskinrevive.com)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)

The combination of Cytotoxic T-Lymphozyte Antigen-4 (CTLA‑4) and Programmed death-1 (PD‑1) antibodies and the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors are the current clinical standards for combination immune and targeted therapy for melanoma, respectively. (springermedizin.at)
The effects of antibody-mediated blockade of CD1d on DC number and phenotype, priming of anti-tumor T cells, and tumor response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistently, priming of T cells to a tumor-specific CD8 T cell epitope in mice treated with radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CD137 was markedly enhanced in iNKT −/− compared to WT mice. (biomedcentral.com)

C ) Probiotic bacteria releases antimicrobial substances (such as bacteriocins, biosurfactants, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, organic acids) and intestinal mucins from mucosal cells, which can effectively inhibit virus proliferation. (news-medical.net)

Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
Peribronchiolar inflammation was principally histiocytic and neutrophilic with occasional giant cells. (cdc.gov)

Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
Cells may be prepared, stained with antibodies and washed twice with wash buffer per established protocols for immunofluorescent staining prior to acquisition on a flow cytometer. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (unav.edu)
They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. (nih.gov)
This binding inhibits cell lysis, nevertheless, antibodies to PD-1 or PD-L1 prevents this binding and augments tumor eradication. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Blockade of pathways involving PD-1 and its ligand is a promising treatment for cancers (melanoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, head and neck carcinomas, Hodgkin lymphoma, and urothelial carcinoma) ( 4 ), although the role of PD1/programmed death ligand 1 in immune suppression and the mechanism of action of antibodies remain to be better defined. (cdc.gov)

Our basic research focuses on designing a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine targeting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer stem cells to delay or prevent recurrence following surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. (cedars-sinai.edu)

Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)

Deletion of the proximal enhancer decreases CCL5 expression and augments the cytotoxic activity of tissue-resident T and NK cells, which coincides with reduced melanoma metastasis in mouse models. (nature.com)

Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
4) T-cell transfer consists of infusing turned on tumor-specific T cells that may recognize tumor antigens on MHC I and II substances. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

A subpopulation of mature T lymphocytes (i.e. (bdbiosciences.com)

Migration of HIV bearing activated dendritic cells to helper T cell areas of lymph nodes may specifically infect helper T cells specific for HIV peptides. (arizona.edu)

Banchereau J, Ueno H, Dhodapkar M, Connolly J, Finholt JP, Klechevsky E, Blanck JP, Johnston DA, Palucka AK, Fay J. Immune and clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV melanoma vaccinated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors and activated with type I interferon. (nwbio.com)
05) by tetramer and Elispot analyses, and yielded specific T cells with significant cytotoxicity against HLA-matched melanoma cell lines. (duke.edu)

Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (nwbio.com)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the primary biomechanical environment that interacts with tendon cells (tenocytes). (nsf.gov)

This peptide-MHC complex signals through the T cell receptor and its associated proteins. (nih.gov)
Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)
The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)
Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)

Studies in two models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitogenic virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have shown conclusively that epitope spreading plays a pathological role in ongoing disease and that blocking this process by inducing tolerance to spread myelin epitopes or blocking costimulation of T cells (necessary for epitope spreading) blocks (EAE) or inhibits (TMEV-IDD) ongoing clinical disease. (nature.com)
Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-?B and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)

1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Houston, Texas 77030 , USA. (nih.gov)

The figure shows a scanning EM picture of a dendritic cell interacting with helper T cells. (arizona.edu)
The rapid loss of memory helper T cells, and the inability to replace these cells leads to increasing immunodeficiency. (arizona.edu)
As dramatically demonstrated in AIDS patients, without helper T cells we cannot defend ourselves even against many microbes that are normally harmless. (nih.gov)
Helper T cells themselves, however, can only function when activated to become effector cells. (nih.gov)

To activate a cytotoxic or helper T cell to proliferate and differentiate into an effector cell , an antigen-presenting cell provides two kinds of signals. (nih.gov)
A) A mature antigen-presenting cell can deliver both signal 1 and 2 and thereby activate the T cell. (nih.gov)

1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)

MHC class I-restricted T cells, including most T suppressor/cytotoxic cells) expresses almost exclusively the CD8 αβ heterodimer (the α' chain is absent). (bdbiosciences.com)

Here we describe a novel mechanism of tumor immune escape mediated by iNKT cells that limit priming of anti-tumor T cells by controlling DC in tumors and draining lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell-based therapies such as dendritic cells, includingmacrophages, natural killer cells, lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are used certain types of cancer. (pharmiweb.com)
Together, this work identifies the multiscale response of tendon to dynamic loading and healing, and provides new insight into microenvironmental features that tenocytes may experience following injury and after cell delivery therapies. (nsf.gov)

It has been suggested that the expression of the CD8a/CD8b heterodimer is restricted to T lymphocytes which matured in the thymus or in an extrathymic environment that had been influenced by thymus-initiated neuroendocrine signals. (bdbiosciences.com)
Further, CD40 is also expressed on thymic antigen-presenting cells (19), and it has been demonstrated that CD40-CD40L interactions play an essential role in negative selection in the thymus Kaempferol inhibitor (18). (bioskinrevive.com)

This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
This review highlights recent advances in vitamin D and T-lymphocyte biology in an effort to harness vitamin D's potential to reduce the impact of autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
1 From the *Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology and †Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR. (nih.gov)

Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)

The observation that the immune system can also attack malignant cells has been known for many years but the cellular and molecular mechanisms have become clear in the last decades. (universiteitleiden.nl)
HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)

instead, the reduction in memory CTLp generation in CD40L-deficient mice was likely a consequence of defects in the CD4+ T-cell response mounted by these animals. (bioskinrevive.com)
The CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD154 is a glycoprotein that is transiently expressed at high levels on the surface of CD4+ T cells when they are activated (2, 30, 39, 51, 53). (bioskinrevive.com)

Anatomy39

Organisms20

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Immunotherapy15

Transfection1

Immunity10

Vaccines6

Vivo4

Macrophages and dendritic cells3

Specific cytotoxic2

CTLs4

Intraepithelial lymphocytes1

Vaccination11

Induces3

Infused with tumor1

Activation13

Molecules11

Humans1

Subsets2

Autologous2

Maturation3

Responses23

Spleen1

Apoptosis7

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Receptors9

Regulatory T cel2

Induce2

Induction2

Granzyme3

Lymphoid6

Monocytes2

Populations6

Soluble3

Endothelial cells2

CTLA3

Intestinal1

Inflammation2

Antibodies6

Vaccine1

Mononuclear1

Augments1

Tumor-specific2

Subpopulation1

Peptides1

Melanoma2

Immature1

Interacts1

Proteins4

Costimulation2

Therapy1

Helper T cel4

Antigen-pres2

Immunoglobulin1

Suppressor1

Tumors1

Therapies2

Thymus2

Biology3

Thymic1

Cellular2

CD40L2