• These fusion genes encode fusion proteins that continuously stimulate cell growth, proliferation, prolonged survival, and/or differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD134 thereby plays roles in T-cell activation as well as the regulation of differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis of normal and malignant lymphoid cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Leucocyte typing IV : white cell differentiation antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
  • At the beginning of hematopoietic cell differentiation is the pluripotent stem cell , which differentiates into lymphoid, erythroid and myeloid precursor cells . (wikilectures.eu)
  • 19. Melchers, F.: Changes in receptor immunoglobulin turnover during B-lymphocyte differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)
  • 20. Melchers, F.: Biochemical characterization of immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes at different stages of their differentiation.In: 'Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryotic Cells,' eds. (uni-mainz.de)
  • 22. Melchers, F.: Immunoglobulin synthesis and mitogen reactivity: markers for B lymphocyte differentiation. (uni-mainz.de)
  • 27. Melchers, F.: Receptors for the regulation of growth and differentiation of murine B-lymphocytes. (uni-mainz.de)
  • BACKGROUND: Autophagy has emerged as a critical homeostatic mechanism in T lymphocytes, influencing proliferation and differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest activation of autophagy is a mechanism for survival of autoreactive B cells, and also demonstrate that it is required for plasmablast differentiation, processes that induce significant cellular stress. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It can induce and promote T lymphocytes and their subgroup differentiation, maturation and activation, regulate the proportion of T lymphocytes, and make Cd4/Cd8 tend to be normal. (snbiopharm.com)
  • Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6C high to Ly6C low MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6C high MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6C low MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The possible role of PGs has so far been largely neglected, both during B-cell differentiation and as a factor in EBV-driven lymphomagenesis [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Tightly regulated HSPGs expression is a requirement for normal B cell maturation, differentiation and function [ 4 ] and the conformation of their HS polysaccharide chains is crucial for recruitment of factors that control plasma cell survival [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Each type of lymphoma has a unique histogenesis and is derived from a particular lymphocyte subset defined by stage of differentiation, immune compartment, function, activation status, and/or exposure to antigens. (arizona.edu)
  • Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. (lookformedical.com)
  • Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest stages of differentiation, and more mature differentiated neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
  • that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In this topic, we will review the cells, tissues, and organs that make up the immune system. (pearson.com)
  • To compare the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. (pearson.com)
  • The second part consists of lymphoid organs and tissues including the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. (pearson.com)
  • Lymphoid organs and tissues are the sites where lymphocytes are produced, reside, and come in contact with pathogens. (pearson.com)
  • The tissues that have evolved to a high degree of specificity of function are termed lymphoid organs . (brainkart.com)
  • Lymphoid organs include the gut-associated lymphoid tis-sues-tonsils, Peyer's patches, and appendix-as well as aggre-gates of lymphoid tissue in the submucosal spaces of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts. (brainkart.com)
  • The lymphoid organs, based on their function, are classified into central (primary) and peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs. (brainkart.com)
  • Central or primary lymphoid organs are the major sites for lymphopoiesis. (brainkart.com)
  • These organs have the ability to produce pro-genitor cells of the lymphocytic lineage. (brainkart.com)
  • These are the organs in which precursor lymphocytes proliferate, develop, and differ-entiate from lymphoid stem cells to become immunologically competent cells. (brainkart.com)
  • The primary lymphoid organs include thymus and bone marrow. (brainkart.com)
  • After acquiring immu-nological competency, the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs to induce appropriate immune response on exposure to antigens. (brainkart.com)
  • Cells Tissues Organs , 171 (1), 38-43. (mssm.edu)
  • In post-natal life, SDF-1 is widely expressed and is induced in chronically inflamed tissues such as psoriatic skin and the rheumatoid synovium, but has also been implicated in the migration of lymphocytes to lymphoid organs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This model provides a powerful tool to investigate the pathways involved in cell-migration into lymphoid organs and potentially to target them for therapeutic purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B-cells and selected T-cells migrate to the secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, etc). (wikilectures.eu)
  • The ILC subsets have been implicated in a wide range of physiological processes including tissue homeostasis and repair, immune defense or development of lymphoid organs. (pasteur.fr)
  • The non-canonical pathway is responsible for the activation of p100/RelB complexes and occurs during the development of lymphoid organs responsible for the generation of B and T lymphocytes (Figure 2). (abcam.com)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • Thymoma originates within the epithelial cells of the thymus, a lymphoid organ located in the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
  • In early life, the thymus is responsible for the development and maturation of cell-mediated immunologic functions. (medscape.com)
  • The thymus is composed predominantly of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Precursor cells migrate to the thymus and differentiate into lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Thymoma , the most common neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum , originates within the epithelial cells of the thymus . (findmeacure.com)
  • The thymus is a lymphoid organ located in the anterior mediastinum. (findmeacure.com)
  • The main function of the thymus is to provide an area for T cell maturation, and is vital in protecting against autoimmunity. (findmeacure.com)
  • Due to the large numbers of apoptotic lymphocytes, the thymus was originally dismissed as a "lymphocyte graveyard", without functional importance. (findmeacure.com)
  • The importance of the thymus in the immune system was discovered in 1961 by Jacques Miller , by surgically removing the thymus from three day old mice, and observing the subsequent deficiency in a lymphocyte population, subsequently named T cells after the organ of their origin. (findmeacure.com)
  • Recently, advances in immunology have allowed the function of the thymus in T cell maturation to be more fully understood. (findmeacure.com)
  • Once mature, T cells emigrate from the thymus and constitute the peripheral T cell repertoire responsible for directing many facets of the adaptive immune system. (findmeacure.com)
  • The stock of T-lymphocytes is built up in early life, so the function of the thymus is diminished in adults. (findmeacure.com)
  • 1.A rare population of hematopoietic progenitor cells enter the thymus from the blood, and expands by cell division to generate a large population of immature thymocytes. (findmeacure.com)
  • High tdTomato expression was shown to be present in the bone marrow (BM) and thymus immune cell precursors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS that have migrated to the THYMUS where they differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES. (jefferson.edu)
  • However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
  • In mammals, T cells mature in thymus and B cells in fetal liver and bone marrow. (brainkart.com)
  • Thymus is the first lymphoid organ to develop. (brainkart.com)
  • Thymus is the site where a large diversity of T cells is produced and so they can recognize and act against a myr-iad number of antigen-MHCs (major histocompatibility complexes). (brainkart.com)
  • The thymus induces the death of those T cells that cannot recognize antigen-MHCs. (brainkart.com)
  • Three-color flow-cytometric analyses also show that normal human bone marrow CD31+ CD34+ subsets coexpress myeloid (CD33) or B-lymphoid (CD19, CD10) markers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Murine MC are divided into three subsets based on surface expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells with specificity for CD19 have shown promise in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (nih.gov)
  • It remains to be established whether chimeric antigen receptor T cells have clinical activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (nih.gov)
  • Two children with relapsed and refractory pre-B-cell ALL received infusions of T cells transduced with anti-CD19 antibody and a T-cell signaling molecule (CTL019 chimeric antigen receptor T cells), at a dose of 1.4×10(6) to 1.2×10(7) CTL019 cells per kilogram of body weight. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, the chimeric antigen receptor T cells were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where they persisted at high levels for at least 6 months. (nih.gov)
  • cytokine blockade with etanercept and tocilizumab was effective in reversing the syndrome and did not prevent expansion of chimeric antigen receptor T cells or reduce antileukemic efficacy. (nih.gov)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells are capable of killing even aggressive, treatment-refractory acute leukemia cells in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. (jci.org)
  • CD134 functions as a T cell costimulatory receptor when bound by OX40 Ligand/TNFSF4 that is expressed by antigen presenting cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Development of B cells requires the programmed generation and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks in antigen receptor genes. (wustl.edu)
  • The ability of T cells to recognize foreign antigens is mediated by the T cell receptor. (findmeacure.com)
  • The T cell receptor undergoes genetic rearrangement during thymocyte maturation, resulting in each T cell bearing a unique T cell receptor, specific to a limited set of peptide:MHC combinations. (findmeacure.com)
  • The random nature of the genetic rearrangement results in a requirement of central tolerance mechanisms to remove or inactivate those T cells which bear a T cell receptor with the ability to recognise self-peptides. (findmeacure.com)
  • Immune cells express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and are therefore vitamin D targets. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Enforcement of ?d-lineage commitment by the pre-T-cell receptor in precursors with weak ?d-TCR signals. (jefferson.edu)
  • Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
  • Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
  • 17. Melchers, F., Andersson, J.: Immunoglobulin production in B-lymphocytes: synthesis of the membrane-bound receptor and the secreted serum glycoprotein immunoglobulin M. Biochem. (uni-mainz.de)
  • Regulate and enhance the immune function of human body cell, to mitogen activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of mature, increase T cells in various antigen or mitogen activated all sorts of lymphatic factor (such as: alpha and gamma interferon, interleukin 2 or interleukin 3) secretion, increase the level of T cells in lymphoid factor receptor. (snbiopharm.com)
  • ALL cells can be recognized by their clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes, expression of gene fusions, and leukemia-associated immunophenotypes. (ashpublications.org)
  • Because ALL cells arise from the oncogenic transformation of a single lymphoid precursor, they have clonal antigen-receptor (immunoglobulin and/or T-cell receptor) gene rearrangements in most cases, which can be used to distinguish ALL cells from normal lymphoid cells (expressing gene rearrangements with different sequences) and nonlymphoid cells (lacking the rearrangements). (ashpublications.org)
  • In the canonical signaling pathway , binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor such as a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily leads to the recruitment of adaptors (such as TRAF) to the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor (Figure 1). (abcam.com)
  • We show that the physical distribution of nucleosomes at antigen receptor loci is subject to regulated cell type-specific and lineage-specific positioning and correlates with the accessibility of these gene segments to recombination. (fsu.edu)
  • Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, using a combination of various in vivo approaches, including peptide elution, mixed lymphocyte reaction, T-cell receptor (TCR) deep sequencing, tetramer-guided naïve CD4 T-cell precursor enumeration, and whole-body imaging, we report that DO affects the repertoire of presented self-peptides by B cells and thymic epithelium. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • 2.Immature thymocytes each make distinct T cell receptors by a process of gene rearrangement. (findmeacure.com)
  • Like thymic selection during T-cell maturation, a selection process within the bone marrow eliminates B cells with self-reactive antibody receptors. (brainkart.com)
  • B lymphocytes develop their B-cell receptors (BCRs) by DNA rearrangement. (brainkart.com)
  • Subsequently, mature B lymphocytes also acquire C3 and Fc receptors on their surfaces. (brainkart.com)
  • The so called B-cells have receptors that recognize foreign antigen, but the T-cells have similar receptors and are tied to both the innate and the adaptive immune response. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The genes encoding the components of the T-cell receptors undergo a similar process in T-cell precursors. (ashpublications.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to: 1) myeloid precursor cells that differentiate into red blood cells, mast cells, blood platelet-forming megakaryocytes, or myeloblasts, which latter cells subsequently differentiate into white blood cells viz. (wikipedia.org)
  • or 2) lymphoid precursor cells which differentiate into T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, or natural killer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythroid precursor cells differentiate into erythroblasts (→ reticulocyte → erythrocyte). (wikilectures.eu)
  • Hematopoietic cells differentiate from progenitor cells under the influence of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs). (wikilectures.eu)
  • B cells isolated from Vav-Atg7(F/F) mice failed to effectively differentiate into plasma cells following stimulation in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Similarly, human B cells stimulated in the presence of autophagy inhibition did not differentiate into plasmablasts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immature B cells proliferate and differentiate within the bone marrow. (brainkart.com)
  • Only dome epithelial cells that derive from these specialized crypts differentiate into M cells. (nih.gov)
  • Blood cell formation is the process in which stem cells differentiate into the red or white blood cells. (wikilectures.eu)
  • A pluripotent stem cell can generate more stem cells (self-renewal) or differentiate into lymphoid or myeloid stem cells, becoming committed progenitor cells/unipotent stem cells. (wikilectures.eu)
  • Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. (jci.org)
  • Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • Initial characterization of the immune cells from the VDR +/-/VDR tdTomato+ mice, compared to VDR+/+ wildtype (WT) littermates, showed no effect of being hemizygous for the VDR on immune cell frequencies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
  • We evaluated the phenotype of the B cell compartment in Vav-Atg7(-/-) mice in vivo, and examined human and murine plasmablast formation following inhibition of autophagy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In Pax-5 deficient mice, B cell development is blocked at the pre-B I cell stage. (mssm.edu)
  • To answer this question, the crypts that produce the dome epithelial cells were studied and the distribution of M cells over the domes was determined in mice. (nih.gov)
  • This is the first description of huPLN transplantation into SCID mice, and of the functional effects of SDF-1 regarding the migration of human cells into huPLN in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, additional innate lymphocytes have been discovered named innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in both humans and mice ( 1-8 ). (pasteur.fr)
  • Ly6C high MC expressed higher levels of macrophage (MΦ) markers, whereas, Ly6C low MC highly expressed lymphocyte markers in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • HHcy in Cbs -/- mice reinforced inflammatory features in Ly6C high MC by upregulating inflammatory TFs ( Ets1 and Tbx21 ) and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6C low MC by increased expression of CD3, DR3, ICOS, and Fos . (frontiersin.org)
  • To examine neuroprotection, PLP-reactive lymph-node cells (LNCs) were transferred to HIIT and sedentary (SED) mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • HIIT mice exhibited enhanced migration of systemic autoimmune cells into the CNS and increased demyelination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Malignant transformation of these stem or precursor cells results in the development of various hematological malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • The myelodysplasia syndromes (MDSs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by progressive cytopenia or cytopenias, usually in the presence of a hypercellular bone marrow and multilineage dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Once the diagnosis is established, management involves supportive care that includes transfusion, treatment of infections, and a search for an allogeneic stem cell donor. (medscape.com)
  • Myelodysplasia syndrome is an incurable disease without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (medscape.com)
  • Stem cell transplant timing is determined on a case-by-case basis because the temporal course of the disease is highly variable. (medscape.com)
  • At least two lumens are necessary because most children proceed to stem cell transplantation, in which intensity of treatment and blood product support necessitate multilumen vascular access. (medscape.com)
  • The cellular elements of blood originate from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. (medscape.com)
  • It is arise from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow. (medgadget.com)
  • There are also growth factors for stem cells themselves, SCF (stem cell factor = c-kit-ligand) and FL (flt 3-ligand). (wikilectures.eu)
  • Bone marrow is the site for prolifera-tion of stem cells and for the origin of pre-B cells and their matu-ration to become immunoglobulin-producing lymphocytes. (brainkart.com)
  • In contrast to their wild type counterparts, Pax-5 -/- pre-B I cells posses an extraordinary developmental plasticity showing hematopoietic stem cell features such as pluripotency and self renewing capacity. (mssm.edu)
  • SDF-1 (CXCL12), a CXC chemokine, has a primary role in signalling the recruitment of haematopoietic stem-cell precursors to the bone marrow during embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It may also act as a homotypic adhesion molecule by interacting with PECAM-1 on bone marrow stromal macrophage-like cells and endothelial cells or on endothelial cells during stem/progenitor cell migration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • All blood cells come from the haematopoietic stem cell, which is pluripotent as it gives rise to all differentiated types of blood cell. (wikilectures.eu)
  • The committed stem cells will produce colonies of its cell type and these committed cells are called Colony-Forming Unit (e.g. (wikilectures.eu)
  • The stem cells are stimulated to proliferate by growth factors e.g. (wikilectures.eu)
  • Interleukin-3, which promotes the proliferation of both pluripotent stem cells and unipotent progenitor cells. (wikilectures.eu)
  • Several possible mechanisms were considered for the induction of human leukemia, such as clastogenic damage to circulatory stem cells. (who.int)
  • Similarly, destruction of neonatally abundant pluripotent stem cells would likely have a more pervasive outcome than destruction of The value of incorporating immunologic appeared more severe and/or persistent when single lineages or differentiated cells that pre- data for the toxicologic assessment of drugs, the exposure occurred perinatally when com- dominate in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • The clone of eosinophils bear a mutation in any one of several genes that code for proteins that regulate cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
  • There are currently seven identified IκB family members: IκBα, IκBβ, Bcl-3, IκBε, IκBγ, and the precursor proteins p100 and p105, which are characterized by the presence of ankyrin repeats. (abcam.com)
  • 5′-aza-dC and/or Trichostatin A resulted in transcriptional upregulation of the genes, suggesting that low expression of ECM components, proteoglycan core proteins and HS biosynthetic system is due to epigenetic suppression in type I cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • In the two thymic lobes, lymphocyte precursors from the bone-marrow become thymocytes, and subsequently mature into T cells. (findmeacure.com)
  • The lymphocyte pool is regional, being the antibody mediated immune system of the Bursa of Fabricius (B-lymphocytes, as opposed to the thymic derived T-cells) that form the largest immune organ extending the length of the intestines and the stomach. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • murine H2-O) is a highly conserved nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) accessory molecule mainly expressed in the thymic medulla and B cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • DO induces differential effects on epitope presentation and thymic selection, thereby altering CD4 T-cell precursor frequencies. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. (jci.org)
  • It consists mainly of ( a ) cortical thymocytes, theimmunologically immature T lymphocytes, and ( b ) a small number of macrophages and plasma cells. (brainkart.com)
  • The first demonstration that bone marrow samples apparently devoid of ALL cells may, in fact, contain measurable levels of leukemia (ie, "minimal residual disease" or MRD) was provided soon after the advent of polyclonal antisera against leukocyte antigens: combinations of cell markers were used to distinguish T-lineage ALL cells from normal immature and mature lymphocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy. (ashpublications.org)
  • Acute leukemias have cancer cells that look more immature, wild, and defective. (medicine.net)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Absent these causes, patients were diagnosed in the World Health Organization's classification as having either 1) Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified, (CEL-NOS) if blood or bone marrow blast cells exceeded 2% or 5% of total nucleated cells, respectively, and other criteria were met or 2) idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) if there was evidence of eosinophil-induced tissue damage but no criteria indicating chronic eosinophilic leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue resident innate lymphoid cell (ILC) 1 and 3 cells were about 60-80% tdTomoto+, while ILC2 cells had very low tdTomato expression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition grafts retain some of the histological features of the pretransplantation tissue, such as follicular dendritic cell-associated B-cell aggregates, lymphatic and HEV markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bone marrow is made of many cells as well as fat cells (stromal cells), forming rich connective tissue. (wikilectures.eu)
  • This whole tissue is surrounded by blood vessels called blood sinuses, where new blood cells are discharged. (wikilectures.eu)
  • Test of the cells in the bone marrow: A healthcare provider samples the tissue with a needle, and a pathologist checks it for leukemia cells. (medicine.net)
  • A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder. (lookformedical.com)
  • The stroma of the organ is composed of dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and macrophages (Fig. 16-1). (brainkart.com)
  • In addition, the cortex contains two subpopulations of epithelial cells, the epithelial nurse cells and the cortical epithelial cells, which form a network within the cortex. (brainkart.com)
  • It contains predominantly mature T lymphocytesand has a larger epithelial cell-to-lymphocyte ratio than the cor-tex. (brainkart.com)
  • The concentric rings of squamous epithelial cells known as Hassall's corpuscles are found exclusively in the medulla. (brainkart.com)
  • The domes of Peyer's patches were supplied with epithelial cells that derived from two types of crypt: specialized dome-associated crypts and ordinary crypts differing not only in shape, size, and cellular composition but also in the presence of M cell precursors. (nih.gov)
  • When epithelial cells derived from ordinary crypts entered the domes, they formed converging radial strips devoid of M cells. (nih.gov)
  • Endothelial and epithelial cells, and resident macrophages are potent producers of inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, which are distinguished from another set that is treated in this study. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.015 epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • 1. To be able to describe the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in Date of Original Release: April 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • NKT: Natural killer T innate lymphoid cells and their role in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Some cells migrate to tissues to take up residence whereas others circulate through the blood and lymphatic system, entering tissues when needed. (pearson.com)
  • A slow clearance of leukemic cells by the initial course of chemotherapy, as measured by the morphologic analysis of peripheral blood or bone marrow smears 1 to 3 weeks from diagnosis, predicts a higher risk of relapse, but can be inaccurate because ALL blast cells are remarkably similar in appearance to bone marrow lymphoid precursors (alias hematogones) and, in some instances, to mature lymphocytes. (ashpublications.org)
  • CD44 percentage values in peripheral T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients than controls, as detected by flow cytometry. (who.int)
  • CD134 is expressed on activated T lymphocytes, hematopoietic precursor cells and fibroblasts. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Clonal hypereosinophilia, also termed primary hypereosinophilia or clonal eosinophilia, is a grouping of hematological disorders all of which are characterized by the development and growth of a pre-malignant or malignant population of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that occupies the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia termed as ALL is defined as a type of blood malignancy that is detectable through the accumulation of B and T lymphocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow [ 4 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in cells that are part of the body's immune system. (invivoscribe.com)
  • For Burkitt's lymphoma cells (BL), serglycin was down-regulated in BL type III cells and perlecan in type I BL cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Lymphoid neoplasms include lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma. (arizona.edu)
  • Lymphoma b cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Key stages of bone marrow B-cell maturation are defective in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2) various primary or secondary t-cell defects (such as congenital immunodeficiency in children). (snbiopharm.com)
  • Most of these lymphocytes are destroyed, with the remainder of these cells migrating to tissues to become T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Tissues, including the placenta, are comprised of diverse cell types with distinguishable developmental or functional origin that form a complex niche 1 . (nature.com)
  • The immune system is organized into several special tissues, which are col-lectively termed lymphoid or immune tissues . (brainkart.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Here, we show phenotypic progression within lymphoid tissues as MZ B cells emerge from the mature naïve B cell pool via a precursor CD27 − CD45RB MEM55+ population distant from memory cells. (lu.se)
  • By imaging mass cytometry, we find that MZ B cells and memory B cells occupy different microanatomical niches in organised gut lymphoid tissues. (lu.se)
  • Both populations disseminate widely between distant lymphoid tissues and blood, and both diversify their IGHV repertoire in gut germinal centres (GC), but nevertheless remain largely. (lu.se)
  • Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sanfilippo, F & Scott, DW 1976, ' The Effects of carrier-specific helper T-cell tolerance on antibody avidity in the anti-hapten response ', Cellular Immunology , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 112-120. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In contrast to the M cells, the sites where lymphocytes invaded the dome epithelium were not arranged in radial strips, but randomly distributed over the domes. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Melchers, F.: Biosynthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in plasma cells. (uni-mainz.de)
  • 11. Melchers, F.: Synthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in lymphoid cells. (uni-mainz.de)
  • 18. Melchers, F., Lafleur, Anderson, J.: Immunoglobulin M synthesis in resting (Go) and in mitogen-activated B-lymphocytes. (uni-mainz.de)
  • During B-cell development, the V, D, and J segments of the immunoglobulin genes are rearranged, with deletion and random insertion of nucleotides at the junctional sites, generating a unique gene sequence for each cell and its progeny. (ashpublications.org)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • A malignancy in the lymphoid lineage that includes white blood cells such as T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. (medgadget.com)
  • And, malignancy in the myeloid lineage that includes precursor cells to red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells such as granulocytes. (medgadget.com)
  • Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)
  • Thus, this molecule has the potential importance of directing both lineage commitment and trafficking of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The WHO modification of the REAL classification of NHL is based on morphology and cell lineage. (medscape.com)
  • Sorted tdTomato+ T cells expressed the VDR protein only after 72 h post-activation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interestingly, activation of the tdTomato- T cells failed to induce new tdTomato expression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
  • RESULTS: We found activation of autophagy in early developmental and transitional stages of B cell development in a lupus mouse model even before disease onset, and which progressively increased with age. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These cytokines are integral to lymphocyte activation, function, and proliferation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PE-CAM-1), defined by the CD31 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), was initially described as a cell-cell adhesion molecule mediating both homotypic and heterotypic adhesion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This population consists of a clone of eosinophils, i.e. a group of genetically identical eosinophils derived from a sufficiently mutated ancestor cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Discovery of genetic mutations underlining these eosinophilia syndromes lead to their removal from CEL-NOS or HES categories and classification as myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, and, tentatively, PCMA-JAK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The latter includes precursor B- or T-cell neoplasms, mature B- or T-cell neoplasms, and rare natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms. (arizona.edu)
  • The developmental branching points between several lymphoid and myeloid lineages are still controversial, and little is known about how their diversification is induced. (scielo.br)
  • Except for the monocytic cell line, U937, all CD34- cell lines tested, which represent more mature stages of the myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid lineages, expressed substantially lower or negligible levels of PECAM-1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this report, we show that enriched CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cell populations, containing early myeloid, erythroid, and multipotential progenitor cells, are CD31+. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
  • A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • 4 ]. A relationship between activated or lymphocytes and enzyme-linked immuno- memory-effector lymphocyte populations sorbent assay (ELISA) for CD117. (who.int)
  • Erythroid precursor cell (proerythroblast) → erythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte. (wikilectures.eu)
  • In: 'Regulation of the Immune System: Genes and the Cells in which They Function,' Vol. VI, eds. (uni-mainz.de)
  • The results showed that the expression of anti-apoptotic genes was significantly reduced after treatment of the Jurkat cell line with the BSA-Au nanozymes (p-value of 0.001) as the potential nanodrug while their expression in the normal PBMC was not affected by the nanodrug. (springeropen.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Human memory B cells and marginal zone (MZ) B cells share common features such as the expression of CD27 and somatic mutations in their IGHV and BCL6 genes, but the relationship between them is controversial. (lu.se)
  • Thymocytes are classified into maturational stages based on the expression of CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS. (jefferson.edu)
  • Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
  • and (b) cell-mediated immunity, mediated by sensitized lymphocytes. (brainkart.com)
  • B lymphocytes are primarily responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. (brainkart.com)
  • ILCs are early effectors of immunity and provide a means to rapidly respond to infection or inflammation, and are distinguished from T and B cells of the adaptive immune response. (pasteur.fr)
  • Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
  • We employed in vitro cultures and two in vivo models to investigate whether androgens exert these effects directly on marrow lymphoid precursors or whether actions on marrow stromal elements are required. (jci.org)
  • Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. (jci.org)
  • The stromal cell products responsible for these effects of estrogens have not been identified. (jci.org)
  • Stromal cells within the bone marrow interact directly with the B cells and secrete various cytokines that are required for the development of B cells. (brainkart.com)
  • The high level of expression of PECAM-1 on CD34+ cells suggests that this glycoprotein may function as a heterotypic adhesion molecule, possibly mediating multipotential, myeloid, and early-B-lymphoid precursor cell interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules via heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As many as 30-40% of patients who have a thymoma experience symptoms suggestive of MG. An additional 5% of patients who have a thymoma have other systemic syndromes, including red cell aplasia, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Cushing syndrome, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). (medscape.com)
  • It is much more difficult to measure Vdr protein in the spleen because of the low level of VDR expression in resting immune cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A comprehensive assessment of cellular heterogeneity is traditionally performed by immunophenotyping which can be biased and relies on a small set of pre-selected markers, limiting the cell types that can be inspected 13 . (nature.com)
  • The emergence of tumor cells that no longer express the target indicates a need to target other molecules in addition to CD19 in some patients with ALL. (nih.gov)
  • NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
  • If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely. (lookformedical.com)
  • Placental transcriptomes, at day 19 of gestation, were determined using bulk RNA-seq from whole placentas of exposed (n = 4) and control (n = 4) animals and scRNAseq of three distinct placental layers, followed by flow cytometry analysis of the placental immune cell landscape. (nature.com)
  • Assays based on polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry can detect one ALL cell among 10,000 to 100,000 normal cells in clinical samples. (ashpublications.org)
  • In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)
  • These findings imply that carrier-specific helper T cells do not play a controlling role in determining whether high- or low-avidity hapten-specific B-cell precursors will proliferate in response to challenge with a hapten-carrier conjugate. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)