Lung volume measurements. Medical search. Frequent questions

Measurements of absolute lung volumes, residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) are technically more challenging, which limits their use in clinical practice. (ersjournals.com)
Determination of the residual volume is more difficult as it is impossible to "completely" breathe out. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, measurement of the residual volume has to be done via indirect methods such as radiographic planimetry, body plethysmography, closed circuit dilution (including the helium dilution technique) and nitrogen washout. (wikipedia.org)
Standard errors in prediction equations for residual volume have been measured at 579 ml for men and 355 ml for women, while the use of 0.24*FVC gave a standard error of 318 ml. (wikipedia.org)
We measured or derived functional residual capacity, residual volume (RV), vital capacity (VC), and total lung capacity by helium dilution. (mcmaster.ca)
It measures the forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1), total lung capacity, and residual volume. (wikidoc.org)

Static lung volumes and capacities based on a volume-time spirogram of an inspiratory vital capacity (IVC). (ersjournals.com)
This review intends to update the reader with the physiological basis, clinical significance and interpretative approaches of the standard static lung volumes and capacities. (cosmed.com)
The review highlighted how physiological factors that influence lung volumes/capacities include age, gender, weight, height and ethnicity, physical activity, altitude and others, which should be considered while interpreting results of spirometry. (cosmed.com)
Likewise, the quality and accuracy of the test(s) used for estimation of the lung volumes/capacities should be considered before interpretation. (cosmed.com)
Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. (wikipedia.org)

A Consensus Conference Report (1999) Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation. (springer.com)
Current guidelines for exercise prescription in chronic lung disease are based on evidence from studies of patients with COPD 7 where respiratory mechanics and peripheral muscle dysfunction are major limitations to exercise capacity. (bmj.com)
Conclusion: In patients with moderate to severe COPD, preservation of lung gas exchange surface area as assessed using the resting SBDLCO/Qc appears to be a better predictor of exercise capacity than more classic measures of lung mechanics. (elsevierpure.com)
Other types of respiratory diseases potentially impacted by workplace exposures include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silicosis, lung cancer, and bronchiolitis obliterans. (cdc.gov)
Several SNPs in the SUMF1 gene are shown to be associated with COPD and impaired lung function. (lu.se)
These genetic variants of SUMF1 may cause a deficient sulfation balance in the extracellular matrix of the lung tissue, thereby contributing to the development of COPD. (lu.se)

This involves evaluating lung function and oxygen levels during physical activity, which can help diagnose exercise-induced asthma or other respiratory conditions. (marham.pk)

The researchers looked at spirometry and lung volume measurements and assessed how many were deemed to have breathing impairments under the race-based algorithm as compared to under a new algorithm. (courthousenews.com)
A short history of spirometry and lung function tests . (tryphonov.ru)

By measuring how much air you exhale, and how quickly you exhale, spirometry can evaluate a broad range of lung diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Some lung diseases (such as emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and infections) can make the lungs contain too much air and take longer to empty. (medlineplus.gov)
These lung diseases are called obstructive lung disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
Other lung diseases make the lungs scarred and smaller so that they contain too little air and are poor at transferring oxygen into the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Muscular weakness can also cause abnormal test results, even if the lungs are normal, that is similar to the diseases that cause smaller lungs. (ucsfhealth.org)
The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of chronic lung conditions characterised by dyspnoea on exertion and poor health related quality of life. (bmj.com)
A pulmonologist is a medical doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases and conditions affecting the lungs and respiratory system. (marham.pk)
Diseases such as bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, interstitial lung disease,or neuromuscular limitation, present with restrictive patterns on spirometry. (wikidoc.org)
Those diseases have been characterized as irritant-induced asthma, chronic nonspecific bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis/small airway disease, and aggravated preexistent chronic obstructive lung disease (most frequently chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but also asthma), with the expected overlapping features among them. (cdc.gov)
Longitudinal studies suggest that both the incidence and the associated functional decline of these predominantly obstructive lung diseases stabilized several years ago, but longer follow-up is clearly necessary. (cdc.gov)

The present document integrates and consolidates the recommendations of the current American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society Task Force on pulmonary function standards, and the recommendations from an earlier National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) workshop convened by the ATS. (ersjournals.com)
This document updates the 2005 European Respiratory Society (ERS) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) technical standard for the measurement of lung volumes. (telethonkids.org.au)

In selected cases where the test results are inconclusive or require clarification, complete pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gas measurement, echocardiography and standard exercise treadmill testing or complete cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be useful. (aafp.org)
1999). Before initiating corticosteroid therapy, a baseline chest radiograph, high resolution CT, complete pulmonary function tests (including lung volumes, spirometry, and diffusing capacity), and exercise testing, with arterial blood gas measurements, should be performed. (cdc.gov)

The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the volume of gas that can be maximally exhaled from the end-expiratory level during tidal breathing ( i.e. from the FRC). (ersjournals.com)
The tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory capacity and expiratory reserve volume can be measured directly with a spirometer. (wikipedia.org)
Lung mechanics, expressed by forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume measurements, are slightly lower for the exposed workers than for the control group. (cdc.gov)
Doctors use a measurement called the percent predicted passive expiratory volume or forced expiratory volume to classify the exacerbation as mild, moderate, severe, or life threatening. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This is defined in spirometry as a reduction in the ratio of the expiratory volume measured in the 1st second of a forceful exhalation (FEV1) to the total volume of air exhaled in the forced expiration (FVC), the FVC being an estimate of the individual's effective lung volume. (cdc.gov)
Testing at baseline and 1 hour after overhaul included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), serum Clara cell protein (CC16), and serum surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A). Overhaul increased CC16 in both groups, indicating increased alveolarcapillary membrane permeability. (cdc.gov)

Pulmonary function tests are a group of tests that measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning. (medlineplus.gov)

The assessment of a lung disorder often involves testing how much air the lungs can hold (lung volume) as well as how much and how quickly air can be exhaled (airflow). (msdmanuals.com)
Airflow measurements are made with a spirometer, which consists of a mouthpiece and tubing connected to a recording device. (msdmanuals.com)
The high-accuracy of lung volume and airflow rate measurements is ensured by high-quality sensors and electronic components used in the spirometer, the individual calibration of each device on a special stand and the use of built-in temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity sensors to correct the measured flow and volume values automatically (bringing to BTPS standard). (neurosoft.com)
If an individual has asthma, their doctor may use a measurement of airflow called diurnal variability to assess the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In the presence of airflow limitation, the patient exhales air slowly, while the total volume of air exhaled is generally not affected. (wikidoc.org)

In contrast, lung volumes derived from conventional chest radiographs are usually based on the volumes within the outlines of the thoracic cage, and include the volume of tissue (normal and abnormal), as well as the lung gas volume. (ersjournals.com)
In this study we examined the effect of a 15% increase in extracellular fluid volume on lung density, lung volumes, nitrogen washout, chest radiographs and computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the thorax in 5 volunteers. (mcmaster.ca)

Lung volumes derived from computed tomography (CT) scans can include estimates of abnormal lung tissue volumes, in addition to normal lung tissue volumes and the volume of gas within the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
To review the evidence on screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)

Lung function development is reduced in children who grow up near motorways although this seems at least in part reversible. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha1-antitrypsin is a protein made by the liver whose function is to protect the lungs. (medscape.com)
Its principal function in the lung is to inactivate neutrophil elastase, an enzyme that is released during normal phagocytosis of organisms or particles in the alveoli. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary function tests measure the lungs' capacity to hold air, to move air in and out, and to absorb oxygen. (msdmanuals.com)
Spirometry is used to test lung function. (msdmanuals.com)
Lung function assessment included plethysmography and spirometry. (bmj.com)
NEW YORK (AP) - Racial bias built into a common medical test for lung function is likely leading to fewer Black patients getting care for breathing problems, a study published Thursday suggests. (courthousenews.com)
One example beyond lung function is a heart failure risk-scoring system that categorizes Black patients as being at lower risk and less likely to need referral for special cardiac care. (courthousenews.com)
While physicians also look at symptoms, lab work, X-rays and family histories of breathing problems, the pulmonary function testing can be an important part of diagnoses, "especially when patients are borderline," said Dr. Albert Rizzo, the chief medical officer at the American Lung Association. (courthousenews.com)
Racial bias built into a common medical test for lung function is likely leading to fewer Black patients getting care for breathing problems, researchers said in a study published in JAMA Network Open on Thursday, June 1, 2023. (kdvr.com)
Data were obtained through a questionnaire, pulmonary function testing and taking anthropometric measurements. (who.int)
Lung function and anthropometric measurements were correlated and regression equations were derived. (who.int)
In adults a positive correlation was found between lung function and height and a negative correlation with age. (who.int)
Gender and ethnic variations in Sudanese lung function were confirmed. (who.int)
In the for normal lung function measures taken from south Sudanese people case of respiratory parameters, predic- for adults and children of both sexes. (who.int)
There are several diagnostic methods that a pulmonologist may use to evaluate a patient's lung function and diagnose respiratory problems. (marham.pk)
These tests evaluate lung function and measure how much air a person can inhale and exhale. (marham.pk)
In one imaging exam, DDR helps clinicians assess lung function, track lung movement to detect asymmetry (latent, paradoxical, limited or no movement), and differentiate asthma, obstruction, restriction or mixed conditions. (rtmagazine.com)
DDR may overcome the limitations of pulmonary function tests, spirometers and static X-ray images that cannot identify differences between the left and right lung. (rtmagazine.com)
These results suggest that (1) tests of small airway function, such as RV and delta N2, are more sensitive than radiographic techniques to small increases in lung water, (2) there is some protection of the lung to increases in extracellular fluid volume. (mcmaster.ca)
Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath ) is the most common of the Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), measuring lung function, specifically the measurement of the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. (wikidoc.org)
Objectives: To analyze the effect of monthly intravenous CYC on pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing lung capacity (DLCO), as well as Rodnan skin score (mRSS), during long-term follow-up. (tau.ac.il)
A study of lung function parameters was made on 302 non-smoking healthy Iranian stu- dents(152maleand150female).Lungfunctionmeasurescorrelatedstronglywithheightbutnotwith body mass index. (who.int)
of assessing lung function. (who.int)
The function measurements were performed currently used reference values are those between 08:00 and 16:00 hours. (who.int)
Three Iranian studies of respiratory trained and certified technicians made all function are available, one from the northc measurements. (who.int)
Specific morbidities in survivors include neurodevelopmental, nutritional, sensorineural hearing, and pulmonary function deficiencies, all of which are most likely attributable to the severity of lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension that accompany CDH. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] The severe consequences of this congenital anomaly have led others to pursue methods of correcting CDH or its main consequence, lung hypoplasia, prior to birth, allowing for more normal postnatal function. (medscape.com)
SUMF1 SNPs and advanced lung function characteristics. (lu.se)

Accurate and reproducible results were obtained in lung model tests during ventilation with air, N2O in O2, and halothane in O2. (nih.gov)
Tidal volume increases by 30-40%, from 0.5 to 0.7 litres, and minute ventilation by 30-40% giving an increase in pulmonary ventilation. (wikipedia.org)
Background Effective lung protective ventilation requires reliable, real-time estimation of lung volume at the bedside. (bmj.com)
Lung protective ventilation strategies require reliable estimation of lung volume at the bedside. (bmj.com)
Differences in incidence of chronic bronchitis and lung ventilation in he workers are not considered to be significant, smoking found to be significantly related to respiratory symptoms in the workers. (cdc.gov)
During this time three additional subjects had to be switched to nasal mask intermittent positive pressure ventilation delivered by traditional volume cycled home ventilator (volume controlled NIPPV). (omeka.net)

The thoracic gas volume (TGV or V TG ) is the absolute volume of gas in the thorax at any point in time and any level of alveolar pressure. (ersjournals.com)
We observed a positive correlation between GH level at diagnosis and DLCO value, showing that acromegalic patients have an increase in static and dynamic respiratory volumes and alveolar-capillary exchange surface compared to the general population. (scirp.org)
The results of this study add new information on lung volume and alveolar gas exchange in acromegaly. (scirp.org)
Other SNPs (rs4685744, rs2819562, rs2819561 and rs11915920) were instead associated with impaired lung volumes and exhibited a lower FVC, total lung capacity and alveolar volume, in individuals having the variance allele. (lu.se)

Specific changes in lung volumes also occur during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Objective To determine the ability of lung ultrasound (LUS) of the dependent region to detect real-time changes in lung volume, identify opening and closing pressures of the lung, and detect pulmonary hysteresis. (bmj.com)
Conclusion LUS was able to detect large changes in total and regional lung volume in real time and correctly identified opening and closing pressures but lacked the precision to detect small changes in lung volume. (bmj.com)
The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity of these techniques in detecting small changes in lung water. (mcmaster.ca)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial chronic lung disease that contributes to disruption of pulmonary development. (bvsalud.org)
Neonatal chronic lung disease, also known as bron- sidual volume7-24. (bvsalud.org)
As with chronic lung disease of other etiologies, one should evaluate for bacterial respiratory infections and should treat infections promptly with antibiotics when indicated, especially for those on immunosuppressive therapy. (cdc.gov)

Objectives An increase in lung nodule volume on serial CT may represent true growth or measurement variation. (researchgate.net)
Contrast-enhanced volume ratio was calculated as the ratio between contrast-enhanced and unenhanced nodule volume. (ajronline.org)
to our knowledge, only one other study has evaluated lung nodule volume variability before and after contrast medium injection [ 12 ], but none has determined the influence of different CT scan delays on volumetric variation. (ajronline.org)
Image shows lung nodule volume (cubic millimeters) and density (Hounsfield units) of unenhanced (0 second) and contrast-enhanced CT scans performed at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 300 seconds, calculated with LungCARE software (Siemens Healthcare). (ajronline.org)

abstract = "Background: Scleroderma lung disease (ILD-SSc) is treated mainly with cyclophosphamide (CYC). (tau.ac.il)

TLC: total lung capacity. (ersjournals.com)
The maximum volume of gas that can be inspired from FRC is referred to as the inspiratory capacity (IC). (ersjournals.com)
The vital capacity (VC) is the volume change at the mouth between the positions of full inspiration and complete expiration. (ersjournals.com)
The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 litres of air. (wikipedia.org)
Lung volumes vary with different people as follows: A person who is born and lives at sea level will develop a slightly smaller lung capacity than a person who spends their life at a high altitude. (wikipedia.org)
US swimmer Michael Phelps is also said to have a lung capacity of around 12 litres. (wikipedia.org)
Inspiratory capacity measurements also showed significant benefits for triple therapy over individual components on day 14. (bmj.com)
They may include spirometry, lung volume measurements, and diffusion capacity measurements. (marham.pk)
The syringe volume approximately equals to the average vital lung capacity of a human. (neurosoft.com)
Other tests used for restrictive lung patterns along with spirometry are helium lung volumes and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. (wikidoc.org)
Background: Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) gives an overall assessment of functional lung surface area for gas exchange and can be assessed using various methods. (elsevierpure.com)

Consensus statement on measurements of lung volumes in humans , 2003, 189 pp. (tryphonov.ru)

We also observed a positive correlation between baseline serum IGF-1 level and DLCO/VA and between years of disease and DLCO/VA, showing the association of increased lung volume and increase of the exchange surface. (scirp.org)

The term "lung volume" usually refers to the volume of gas within the lungs, as measured by body plethysmography, gas dilution or washout. (ersjournals.com)
An open circuit tracer gas washout method for measurement of lung volume in patients during anesthesia and intensive care is described and tested. (nih.gov)
The amount of SF6 present in the lungs at the end of a washin is calculated during washout from signals representing expired SF6 concentration and expired flow. (nih.gov)
Single-breath nitrogen washout was used to measure closing volume and the slope of phase III nitrogen washout (delta N2). (mcmaster.ca)

Often, the tests are repeated after a person takes a drug that opens the airways of the lungs (bronchodilator). (msdmanuals.com)
It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube into the airways to examine the lungs and collect tissue samples for analysis. (marham.pk)
The rate and pattern of breathing are also influenced by signals from neural receptors in the lung parenchyma, large and small airways, respiratory muscles and chest wall. (aafp.org)
As investigators struggled with this challenge, two main phenomena resulted in the evolution of the current paradigm of fetal intervention for CDH: (1) the advent of minimally invasive surgical procedures and (2) recognition of a condition called congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), in which fetuses whose airways were occluded either by a tumor or an atresia developed oversized lungs. (medscape.com)
Initial studies demonstrated that manipulation of mechanical forces involved in lung development, namely the lung fluid production that distends the airways, could be applicable in the treatment of CDH. (medscape.com)

in order to meet this requirement, the thoracic diaphragm has a tendency to lower to a greater extent during inhalation, which in turn causes an increase in lung volume. (wikipedia.org)
Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION. (lookformedical.com)
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed. (lookformedical.com)

This study, published in JAMA Network Open, offers one of the first real-world examples of how the issue may affect diagnosis and care for lung patients, said Dr. Darshali Vyas, a pulmonary care doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital. (courthousenews.com)
Algorithms that adjust for race raise the threshold for diagnosing a problem in Black patients and may make them less likely to get started on certain medications or to be referred for medical procedures or even lung transplants, Vyas said. (courthousenews.com)
But the organization also put a call out for more research, including into the best way to modify software and whether making a change might inadvertently lead to overdiagnosis of lung problems in some patients. (courthousenews.com)
Patients with evidence of early lung damage are treated with 40 mg of prednisone on a daily or alternate day regimen for 6 months. (cdc.gov)
The NCCN advises that patients are not eligible for lung cancer screening if they have symptoms of lung cancer, a past history of lung cancer, or functional status and/or comorbidity that would prohibit curative intent treatment. (medscape.com)
None of the guidelines recommend using chest radiography or sputum cytology to screen asymptomatic patients for lung cancer. (medscape.com)
The guideline set of more than 275 recommendations includes an executive summary of current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, along with additional recommendations for screening, chemoprevention and treatment of tobacco use in patients with lung cancer. (medscape.com)
In June 2022, two cases of Legionnaires disease were reported in patients, each of whom had received a lung transplant from the same donor, who had drowned in a river. (cdc.gov)
In July 2022, the Pennsylvania Department of Health received two reports of laboratory-confirmed Legionnaires disease in patients who had recently received lung transplants from the same donor at a single Pennsylvania hospital. (cdc.gov)
Further investigation confirmed that each of the two patients had undergone transplantation of a single lung from the same donor before disease onset. (cdc.gov)

Inspired and expired lung volumes measured by spirometry are useful for detecting, characterising and quantifying the severity of lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
The role of lung volume measurements in the assessment of disease severity, functional disability, course of disease and response to treatment remains to be determined in infants, as well as in children and adults. (ersjournals.com)
Chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans to diagnose lung conditions and evaluate the severity of respiratory problems. (marham.pk)

Methods LUS was performed on preterm lambs (n=20) during in vivo mapping of the pressure-volume relationship of the respiratory system using the super-syringe method. (bmj.com)

It helps indicate whether a patient has restrictions and needs further testing or care for things like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or lung scarring due to air pollutant exposure. (courthousenews.com)

The inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level during tidal breathing. (ersjournals.com)
Sometimes, the test will be preceded by a period of quiet breathing in and out from the sensor (tidal volume), or the rapid breath in (forced inspiratory part) will come before the forced exhalation. (wikidoc.org)

Medical History and Physical Examination for Lung Disorders A doctor first asks the person about symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)

Online calculators are available that can compute predicted lung volumes, and other spirometric parameters based on a patient's age, height, weight, and ethnic origin for many reference sources. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States it is less expensive and easier to institute than volume controlled NIPPV and may be as efficacious as this mode if close surveillance and regular reevaluation of the patient's status is maintained. (omeka.net)

Restrictive lung problems include extrapulmonary causes such as obesity, spine or chest wall deformities, and intrinsic pulmonary pathology such as interstitial fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, granulomatous disease or collagen vascular disease. (aafp.org)

Nevertheless, in particular circumstances, measurements of lung volume are strictly necessary for a correct physiological diagnosis 1 . (ersjournals.com)
To reduce intra- and interobserver variability of manual measurements [ 1 , 2 ], some authors [ 3 , 4 ] recommend automated volume calculation as a reliable tool to evaluate potential nodule variation that, in clinical practice, could drastically influence the diagnosis and eventual therapeutic choices. (ajronline.org)

Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen or helium gas through a tube for a certain period of time. (medlineplus.gov)

Earlier this year, the American Thoracic Society, which represents lung-care doctors, issued a statement recommending replacement of race-focused adjustments. (courthousenews.com)
In thoracic and pulmonary imaging, DDR provides a full view of chest, lung and organ movement during the respiratory cycle. (rtmagazine.com)

For centuries, some doctors and others have held beliefs that there are natural racial differences in health, including one that Black people's lungs were innately worse than those of white people. (courthousenews.com)
Background Large lung nodules (≥15 mm) have the highest risk of malignancy, and may exhibit important differences in phenotypic or clinical characteristics to their smaller counterparts. (researchgate.net)
Differences between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced volumes were analyzed by Wilcoxon's signed rank test. (ajronline.org)
0.05) for all the timing delays except at 30 seconds for software A, and no significant differences were found among volumes measured with both software programs at different contrast-enhanced delays. (ajronline.org)
The scores were compared with total and regional lung volumes, and differences in LUS scores between pressure increments were calculated. (bmj.com)

A useful scientific review has been published in the Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine Journal describing how different physiological/pathological conditions can affect static lung volumes measurement. (cosmed.com)

RV refers to the volume of gas remaining in the lung after maximal exhalation (regardless of the lung volume at which exhalation was started). (ersjournals.com)

The volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during the respiratory cycle is called the tidal volume (TV or V T ). (ersjournals.com)
the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such breath. (wikipedia.org)

the Himalayas) that person can develop a condition called altitude sickness because their lungs remove adequate amounts of carbon dioxide but they do not take in enough oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
These tests measure the blood's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, which can help evaluate how well the lungs work. (marham.pk)

Introduction Suspicious lung nodules on CT are typically investigated with a ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT scan and a Herder score is calculated to guide management. (researchgate.net)
Automated volumes of 35 pulmonary nodules were calculated with two dedicated software packages (designated as software A and software B) for each unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT scan at 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-, and 300-second delays (injection protocol, 2 mL/s and 2 mL/kg). (ajronline.org)
We recommend comparing volume of pulmonary nodules obtained from CT examinations only if they are all performed with or without contrast material, whereas nodule volumes obtained by use of enhanced CT performed with different scan delays are comparable. (ajronline.org)
CT follow-up of lung nodules is commonly used to assess potential growth of undetermined lesions and to evaluate therapeutic response of pulmonary metastases. (ajronline.org)
As an example, lung nodules may be initially detected on CT examinations performed without contrast medium, but follow-up CT studies might require contrast medium. (ajronline.org)
In this study, we evaluated the variation of automated volume measurements of lung nodules during dynamic multiphase contrast-enhanced CT, using two different commercially available software packages. (ajronline.org)
Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of IV contrast material and different CT scan delays on automated volume measurement of pulmonary nodules and to determinate whether different software packages provide different contrast-enhanced measurements. (ajronline.org)

Anatomy2

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes24

Information Science5

Health Care6

Geographicals2

Residual6

Capacities5

COPD6

Evaluating lung function1

Spirometry and lung2

Diseases10

European Respiratory Society2

Arterial Blo2

Expiratory6

Measure breathing1

Airflow5

Chest radiographs2

Computed tomography2

Function29

Ventilation6

Alveolar4

Changes in lung4

Chronic lung disease3

Nodule volume4

Abstract1

Capacity11

Humans1

DLCO1

Washout4

Airways5

Inhalation3

Patients10

Severity3

Respiratory System1

Asthma1

Inspiratory2

Disorders1

Patient's2

Restrictive1

Diagnosis2

Nitrogen1

Thoracic2

Differences5

Pathological conditions1

Exhalation1

Tidal volume2

Carbon2

Nodules7