Lung transplants procedure transplanted. Medical search. Frequent questions

You may be placed on a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (heart-lung machine) if your COPD prevents healthy blood flow to your other organs. (healthline.com)
A blood type imbalance can lead to a healthy immune system response and eventual rejection of transplanted organs. (healthycyte.com)
Opportunities for improvement include bringing the lung donor yield in the 0-11 age group closer to the yield in adolescents, relaxing geographic allocation boundaries to ensure that pediatric lungs are offered first to children, and reserving deceased donor lobar transplant for circumstances where suitably sized donor organs are not available," they wrote. (medindia.net)
Less frequently reported is HEV transmission via transplanted organs ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
In August 2018, chronic HEV-4 infection developed in 2 transplant recipients who had received organs from a common donor. (cdc.gov)
CDC, as a member of DTAC, led the investigation to determine whether the infections were transmitted through transplanted organs and to identify other patients who were potentially at risk. (cdc.gov)
Survival after lung transplantation is still well below that of transplantation of other solid organs but has increased over the past decades [ 2 , 5 - 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
If the damage is severe in both organs, replacing the heart or lungs alone may not be possible. (physio-pedia.com)
Matthew Kuehnert] First of all, I think it's important to say that organ transplantation is, for most people who get a transplant, a lifesaving procedure, and the biggest problem is that there aren't enough organs to go around. (cdc.gov)
Since organs are in such short supply compared with the thousands of people on the transplant waiting list, screening for infectious diseases in organ donors is not as restrictive as for blood and tissue donors. (cdc.gov)
Actually, there are no restrictions on organ donation and having those organs offered to transplant candidates, except for having a confirmed infection with HIV. (cdc.gov)

A lung transplantation is a complicated operation that can lead to minor and life-threatening complications. (healthline.com)
Lung transplantation or pulmonary transplantation is a surgical process in which the diseased lungs of a recipient are partly or entirely replaced by lungs that come from a donor. (healthycyte.com)
Cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, bronchiolitis obliterans, and interstitial lung disease are the most prevalent conditions leading to lung transplantation. (healthycyte.com)
In some cases, cardiac function can also be seriously compromised by lung failure, which may involve heart and lung transplantation. (healthycyte.com)
A new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation reports there is no evidence of children between 6 and 11 years of age being at a disadvantage if they are seeking deceased donor lung transplant in the current US lung allocation system. (medindia.net)
The Thoracic Transplantation Committee of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) will be re-evaluating lung allocation policy as it applies to children during late 2013 and early 2014. (medindia.net)
This information from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) is for parents of children and young people undergoing assessment for possible lung or heart-lung transplantation. (gosh.nhs.uk)
In many situations transplantation can lead to an extension of life with improved quality.Everyone will respond to a transplant in a different way. (gosh.nhs.uk)
There are of course associated risks with transplantation, and while the early survival rates after the transplant are good, there can be no guarantees that any particular transplant will be a success. (gosh.nhs.uk)
During the early years of the lung and heart-lung transplant programme at GOSH (1998) approximately half of the children who received a transplant survived less than four years following transplantation. (gosh.nhs.uk)
In Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital is the liver and heart-lung transplantation center, Princess Margaret Hospital is a kidney transplant center, and Tuen Mun Hospital offers specialist follow-up services for kidney transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
Further investigation confirmed that each of the two patients had undergone transplantation of a single lung from the same donor before disease onset. (cdc.gov)
Because of the possibility of a transplant-associated infection with Legionella , the hospital notified the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) and initiated an investigation by OPTN's ad hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC). (cdc.gov)
Lung transplantation in adults is an accepted therapeutic option, whereas there is ongoing debate on its positive impact on survival in children. (ersjournals.com)
We report our experience of the first 20 yrs of paediatric lung transplantation at a single centre in Austria. (ersjournals.com)
Lung transplantation has emerged as an accepted therapy for end-stage lung disease in adult patients, whereas in the paediatric population it is still controversial [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Paediatric lung transplantation had scarcely been performed until the 1990s and even today represents only a minority of total procedures performed, accounting for up to approximately 80 procedures per year worldwide [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Therefore, transplantation in children is reserved to a very small number of centres, with only 30 to 40 institutions reporting paediatric lung transplantations [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The subgroup of children and adolescents has been repeatedly reported to have poorer results [ 3 , 6 - 8 ], leading to ongoing discussion on the beneficial effect of lung transplantation on survival in these patients [ 2 , 3 , 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The Department for Thoracic Surgery at the Medical University of Vienna (Vienna, Austria) is one of the largest lung transplant centres in Europe, with the highest per head transplantation rate worldwide (14.1 per million inhabitants) [ 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The first lung transplantation in an adolescent cystic fibrosis (CF) patient treated at the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine within the centre was performed in 1990. (ersjournals.com)
Since then our paediatric department has cared for 43 patients before and after lung transplantation. (ersjournals.com)
For children and adult with advanced lung diseases, transplantation is often the only treatment. (nih.gov)
We hypothesize that individuals of non-European ancestry experience inferior lung transplantation outcomes when compared to those of European ancestry. (nih.gov)
The Genomic Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), established by Dr. Hannah Valantine in 2015 , is a consortium of NHLBI and 8 heart and lung transplant programs located in 5 hospitals within geographic proximity of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), directed by Dr. Hannah Valantine. (nih.gov)
Lung transplantation is a challenging process, but you can feel confident in choosing UC San Diego Health for your care. (ucsd.edu)
Our internationally renowned lung transplantation program can help you. (ucsd.edu)
Since our lung transplantation program was founded in 1989, we have helped improve the lives of hundreds of patients. (ucsd.edu)
Successful lung transplantation has been performed since the early 1980s. (physio-pedia.com)
Kidney transplantation was the most common organ transplant in Spain in 2022, with approximately 3.4 thousand procedures. (statista.com)
Lung or heart-lung transplantation is an option for patients who have respiratory insufficiency or failure and who remain at risk of death despite optimal medical treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
the exception is chronic diffuse infection (eg, bronchiectasis), for which double lung transplantation is best. (msdmanuals.com)
Cor pulmonale often reverses after lung transplantation alone and is therefore rarely an indication for heart-lung transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
Single and double lung procedures are about equally common and are at least 8 times more common than heart-lung transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)

Bertram Kasiske, MD, of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) in Minneapolis, led a team that examined the validity of those data. (medindia.net)
The researchers analyzed information from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, which includes data on all donors, wait-listed candidates, and transplant recipients in the United States. (medindia.net)
We report transmission of HEV-4 from a deceased organ donor to 5 transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
In immunocompromised persons, such as transplant recipients, HEV infection can persist, causing chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
We recently demonstrated that, similar to HEV-3, HEV-4 can cause persistent infections in transplant recipients ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
This cluster highlights the need for increased clinical awareness of possible infection with Legionella in recipients of lungs from donors who drowned in fresh water before organ recovery. (cdc.gov)
The reasons are manifold, including the paucity of both donors and recipients, the investment required in developing paediatric lung transplant centres and scepticism about the outcome. (ersjournals.com)
Via genome sequencing of both lung transplant recipients and donors, we examine genetic ancestral markers that are associated with graft rejection and dysfunction. (nih.gov)
These sites collect longitudinal bio-samples and clinical data in heart- and lung-transplant recipients for the GRAFT consortium. (nih.gov)
Our one-year patient survival rates for lung transplants exceed the national average, placing us among the nation's best transplant centers by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). (ucsd.edu)
With advances in technique and development of new drugs to suppress the immune system , a majority of transplant recipients currently survive more than 3 years. (physio-pedia.com)
Donor and recipients must be size-matched anatomically (by chest x-ray), physiologically (by total lung capacity), or both. (msdmanuals.com)
However, many types of infections can result in severe illness and death in transplant recipients, so it's important to prevent these events, if possible, and to balance organ availability with transplant safety. (cdc.gov)
What infections are particularly challenging to prevent, and what does a new infection in transfusion or transplant recipients mean for the rest of us, the general public? (cdc.gov)

Capable of conforming to the post-transplant regimen. (healthycyte.com)
In recent years, significant advances have been made in surgical technique, post-operative intensive care management, immunosuppressive therapy, and post-transplant surveillance. (gosh.nhs.uk)
Pre- and post-transplant parameters were assessed and their influence on patient and organ survival evaluated by univariate tests and stepwise multivariate analyses. (ersjournals.com)
1- and 5-yr patient survival rates were 72.1% and 60.6%, respectively, and 52.6% of patients were found to be free from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome at 5 yrs post-transplant. (ersjournals.com)
The goal of this research is to better inform pre- and post-transplant clinical management and further refine donor-recipient organ matching to improve long-term outcomes and survival in lung transplant patients. (nih.gov)
We keep you informed about all the information and tests needed for evaluation, waitlist, surgery and post-transplant care. (ucsd.edu)

For some people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung transplant may help if medications and other therapies are no longer able to help them breathe effectively. (healthline.com)
Pulmonary Hypertension with associated congenital heart disease (if heart defect can be repaired at the time of transplant). (healthycyte.com)
Pulmonary hypoplasia (under-development), either as an isolated condition or due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia or malformations of the lung or chest wall. (healthycyte.com)
Many forms of lung disease can lead to pulmonary end-stage failure. (healthycyte.com)
A heart-lung transplant is performed for unsalvagable dual cardiac and pulmonary failure. (physio-pedia.com)
The most common underlying conditions requiring heart-lung transplants are congenital cardiac diseases with Eisenmenger syndrome and certain pulmonary hypertension disorders [1] . (physio-pedia.com)
pulmonary hypertension - where high blood pressure develops inside the blood vessels of the lungs, which can damage both the lungs and the heart. (physio-pedia.com)

A young woman gets life-saving transplant when a UCLA medical team agrees to take her high-risk case when other transplant centers would not. (ucla.edu)

A 28-year-old brain-dead man had his kidneys, lungs, and liver successfully transplanted into four critically ill patients at multiple hospitals in India. (medindia.net)

For other lung conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, it is vital that a patient acquires two lungs. (healthycyte.com)
You may be candidates for a lung transplant if you have cystic fibrosis and the lungs are performing poorly. (healthycyte.com)

When you're notified that a donor lung or lungs are available, you'll schedule a day and time for the surgery. (healthline.com)
The CT scan identified dense consolidation in the middle lobe of the donor lung, which evolved into a cavitary lesion during the subsequent week ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)

What are the benefits of a lung transplant for COPD? (healthline.com)

If you're younger than 60, but your physical condition is that of a much older person, you may not be eligible for a lung transplant to treat COPD. (healthline.com)
If we determine that you are eligible for a lung transplant, we will bring together a multidisciplinary team that will review potential risks and benefits to help you make the most informed decision. (ucsd.edu)

Epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory evidence suggest that the source of infection was likely the transplanted lungs. (cdc.gov)

Although the lungs are affected by multiple cancers, not all lung diseases are cured by a lung transplant. (healthycyte.com)
A vaccine that stimulates CD8 T regulatory cells helps to prevent self-destructive immune reactions in autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection. (medindia.net)
Our conversation is based on his report on infections in organ and tissue transplants, which appears in CDC's journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases . (cdc.gov)

Rejection of the new lung, which may happen right away, within the first 4 to 6 weeks, or over time. (medlineplus.gov)
While a lung transplant can be a life-saving surgery, this invasive procedure has a number of risks, including organ rejection. (healthline.com)
Once your child has undergone their transplant they will have to take immunosuppressive (anti-rejection) medication every day, for the rest of their life. (gosh.nhs.uk)
The Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, led by Dr. Sean Agbor-Enoh, aims to develop novel approaches to detect and treat lung transplant rejection. (nih.gov)
APO aims develop novel approaches to detect and treat lung transplant rejection. (nih.gov)
Unfortunately, half of these patients will die within 5 - 6 years after transplant because of transplant rejection. (nih.gov)
Transplant rejection is detected by analyzing a biopsy of the transplanted organ. (nih.gov)
Could early detection and treatment of rejection save the transplanted organ from rejection? (nih.gov)
The focus of APO is to investigate whether early detection and treatment of rejection improves transplant survival. (nih.gov)
APO has developed an approach that picks up transplant rejection 2 - 3 months before biopsy. (nih.gov)
APO is also planning a clinical trial to assess whether early detection and treatment of rejection improves survival in lung transplant patients and also engaged in additional studies to understand molecular mechanisms of transplant rejection. (nih.gov)
In our cohort of patients, we examine demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as differential levels of cell free DNA, to explore outcomes of allograft failure, acute cellular rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction in individuals of European and non-European ancestry. (nih.gov)
Maintenance of immunosuppression after solid-organ transplant is essential in order to prevent short-and long-term complications such as acute cellular rejection and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. (nih.gov)

The main blood vessels and airway of the new lung are sewn to your blood vessels and airway. (medlineplus.gov)

Good candidates for transplant are put on a regional waiting list. (medlineplus.gov)
Who are the best candidates for lung transplants for COPD? (healthline.com)
Earlier this year, though, a US Federal Court directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to allow a 10-year-old patient to be considered alongside older candidates for lungs from adolescent and adult donors without consideration of her age. (medindia.net)
The investigators looked specifically at mortality rates by age for candidates registered on the lung transplant waiting list between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2011. (medindia.net)

Chronic interstitial lung disease. (healthycyte.com)

For double lung transplants, the cut is made below the breast and reaches to both sides of the chest. (medlineplus.gov)
For people who are having a double lung transplant, most or all of the steps from the first side are completed before the second side is done. (medlineplus.gov)
Double lung transplant (sometimes called bilateral lung transplant) - In this operation a patient receives two lungs. (gosh.nhs.uk)
Read about Chula Vista COVID-19 survivor who got a double lung transplant at UC San Diego Health . (ucsd.edu)

In June 2022, two cases of Legionnaires disease were reported in patients, each of whom had received a lung transplant from the same donor, who had drowned in a river. (cdc.gov)
In July 2022, the Pennsylvania Department of Health received two reports of laboratory-confirmed Legionnaires disease in patients who had recently received lung transplants from the same donor at a single Pennsylvania hospital. (cdc.gov)
The first Legionnaires disease case was identified in a woman aged 70-79 years (patient A) who received a right lung transplant in May 2022. (cdc.gov)

Although laboratory testing did not confirm the source of recipient infections, available data suggest that the most likely source was the donor lungs. (cdc.gov)
What's going on here with these latest reports of infections spread through transplants? (cdc.gov)
Mike Miller] Well, how common are transmitted infections through organ transplants? (cdc.gov)
It's been estimated that about one in 200, or half of one percent of organ transplants, possibly transmit unexpected infections, and this rate is likely much lower in blood and tissue. (cdc.gov)
Mike Miller] What has already been done to prevent transfusion and transplant transmitted infections? (cdc.gov)

In this case, only a kidney transplant can work. (maxhealthcare.in)

Currently the Cardiothoracic Transplant Unit at GOSH is the biggest paediatric transplant centre in Europe performing around 20 to 30 transplants per year. (gosh.nhs.uk)
No child can be accepted onto the waiting list for a lung or heart-lung transplant without having been reviewed in person by members of the transplant team, which includes a paediatric transplant consultant. (gosh.nhs.uk)

The resources for the GRAfT-GTD study provide support at all clinical sites for patient recruitment, enrollment and bio-sample collection, while also supporting the laboratory of transplant genomics at NHLBI to perform measurements of ddcfDNA (donor derived - cell free DNA), computational analysis, host and manage the biorepository of clinical data and all bio-samples, and the data coordinating center for GRAfT at NHLBI. (nih.gov)

While lung transplants face some associated risks, they can also increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of end-stage lung patients. (healthycyte.com)
To determine their general health status and suitability for transplant surgery, patients who are considered for inclusion on the organ transplant list receive rigorous diagnostic examinations. (healthycyte.com)
Meet some of our lung transplant patients. (ucsd.edu)
An organ transplant is an established life-saving therapy for these patients. (physio-pedia.com)

Doctors also performed more than one thousand liver transplants, 415 lung transplants, 311 heart transplants, 92 pancreas transplants and four intestinal transplants. (statista.com)

Spain has increased its rate of both kidney and liver transplant procedures in recent years. (statista.com)
With regards to liver transplantations , Spain ranked second along with Belgium and Italy, with a rate of 23.1 procedures per million, figure only overtaken by Croatia, which featured a rate of 25.4 liver transplantations per million population in 2021. (statista.com)

Bronchiolitis obliterans (post-infectious, associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, associated with bone marrow transplant and lung transplant). (healthycyte.com)

The donor lungs must be disease-free and matched as closely as possible to your tissue type. (medlineplus.gov)
The removal of damaged lung tissue allows healthy lung tissue to function more efficiently. (healthline.com)
preferably, the lung tissue will then complement the donor and the recipient as closely as possible, but the need to choose a highly suitable donor organ must be balanced against the urgent need of the patient. (healthycyte.com)
Is it a problem for blood transfusions and tissue transplants, too? (cdc.gov)

A positive effect of pre-transplant diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression was found with the newer drug tacrolimus, and a negative effect of pre-transplant in-hospital admission was reported. (ersjournals.com)

A single-lung transplant takes about 6 to 8 hours, while a bilateral transplant could take 8 to 12 hours. (healthline.com)

(CNN) - Researchers say they have been able to tap a new pool of organ donors to preserve and transplant their hearts: people whose hearts have stopped beating, resulting in so-called circulatory death. (kvia.com)

You must be nicotine-free before you can be considered as a transplant recipient. (healthline.com)
Once you're approved as a lung transplant recipient, you'll be in touch with a transplant coordinator at the hospital where the procedure will be done. (healthline.com)
The lungs or lungs donated must be large enough to oxygenate the patient sufficiently, but compact enough to fit into the chest cavity of the recipient. (healthycyte.com)
A lung transplant is an effective procedure, and the recipient must be able to stick to a lifetime opioid regimen as well as a continued medical treatment after the transplant. (healthycyte.com)
the blood form of the recipient must match the donors due to antigens found in the donated lungs. (healthycyte.com)
and the benefit of the transplant to the recipient. (cdc.gov)

Diabetes , bone thinning, or high cholesterol levels from the medicines given after a transplant. (medlineplus.gov)

Lung transplants may be recommended for people under age 65 who have severe lung disease. (medlineplus.gov)

And that is why people did not think that this was necessarily going to be possible," said Dr. Jacob Schroder, surgical director of the heart transplant program at Duke University and author of a new study on the topic that was published Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine. (kvia.com)

If you have advanced lung disease and need a transplant, you will want an experienced team with high patient survival rates. (ucsd.edu)
We have performed almost 650 lifesaving lung transplants, and are a national leader in patient survival rates. (ucsd.edu)

Each person donates a segment (lobe) of their lung. (medlineplus.gov)
The donor lobe or lung is stitched (sutured) into place. (medlineplus.gov)
A live donor may donate just one lung lobe. (healthycyte.com)

Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. (nature.com)

For single lung transplants, the cut is made on the side of your chest where the lung will be transplanted. (medlineplus.gov)
Chest tubes are inserted to drain air, fluid, and blood out of the chest for several days to allow the lungs to fully re-expand. (medlineplus.gov)

During lung transplant surgery, you are asleep and pain-free (under general anesthesia ). (medlineplus.gov)
Obtaining biopsy samples require anesthesia and is quite an invasive procedure. (nih.gov)

The term COPD refers to a group of respiratory conditions, like emphysema and chronic bronchitis , that restrict the lungs' ability to expel air. (healthline.com)

If you are not given a decision on your child's suitability to be placed on the waiting list before you go home, a member of the transplant team will contact you following your child's discharge. (gosh.nhs.uk)

Lung transplant surgery is often done with the use of a heart-lung machine. (medlineplus.gov)
You are placed on the heart-lung machine. (medlineplus.gov)
You are taken off the heart-lung machine once the lungs are sewn in and working. (medlineplus.gov)
Sometimes, heart and lung transplants are done at the same time (heart-lung transplant) if the heart is also diseased. (medlineplus.gov)
Combined heart-lung transplant - In this operation a patient receives a heart and both lungs. (gosh.nhs.uk)
Since 2003, survival in children after lung or heart-lung transplant has significantly improved at GOSH, giving a survival of over 70 per cent at five years, and an estimated survival of more than 50 per cent by seven years. (gosh.nhs.uk)
A heart-lung transplant is the only treatment available for people who have combined heart and lung failure. (physio-pedia.com)

With certain lung disorders, only a single lung can need to be given to a patient. (healthycyte.com)
An entire left eye and a portion of the face were transplanted from a single donor during the 21-hour surgery. (medindia.net)
Single Lung Transplant - In this operation a patient receives one lung (left or right), although this is rarely carried out in children. (gosh.nhs.uk)
Since then, operations have been developed to transplant both lungs, a single lung, and even partial lung (lobes). (physio-pedia.com)

In most cases, a lung transplant is done only after all other treatments for lung failure are unsuccessful. (medlineplus.gov)

Since the first successful lung transplant following the implementation of cyclosporin in 1983, the number of lung transplants performed worldwide has increased to approximately 2,500 per year [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)

But with proper medication and close monitoring by a physician, a lung transplant can be a life-changing procedure for someone struggling with the most severe effects of COPD. (healthline.com)
When you reach stage 4 COPD , breathing can become difficult to the point that a lung transplant or lung volume reduction surgery may be the only way to improve respiration. (healthline.com)
Without surgery, a person with COPD can develop heart disease , lung cancer , and other health problems. (healthline.com)
According to the American Lung Association , COPD can lead to "long-term disability and early death. (healthline.com)
How do I prepare for a lung transplant for COPD? (healthline.com)
What's the procedure for a lung transplant for COPD? (healthline.com)

This involves the removal of the most damaged portion of the lung. (healthline.com)
A newer procedure involves implanting a mechanical pump into your body to help pump the blood. (physio-pedia.com)

When you and your child arrive the first contact you will have is with the transplant specialist nurses. (gosh.nhs.uk)

Anatomy16

Organisms8

Diseases56

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment79

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science5

Named Groups2

Health Care31

Geographicals1

Organs11

Transplantation34

Recipients14

Post-transplant6

Pulmonary7

Centers1

Kidneys1

Cystic fibrosis2

Donor lung2

Benefits of a lung transplant1

Eligible for a lung transplant2

Infection1

Diseases3

Rejection13

Blood vessels1

Candidates4

Interstitial1

Double lung4

20223

Infections5

Kidney transplant1

Paediatric2

Graft1

Patients4

Pancreas1

Liver2

Bronchiolitis obliterans1

Tissue4

Immunosuppression1

Bilateral1

Organ donors1

Recipient6

Diabetes1

Severe lung disease1

Surgical director1

Survival rates2

Lobe3

Improves1

Chest2

Anesthesia2

Emphysema1

Waiting list1

Heart-lung7

Single4

Treatments1

Implementation1

COPD6

Involves2

Nurses1