• Here we report that the flavoring chemicals induce transcriptomic changes and perturb cilia function in the airway epithelium. (nature.com)
  • Our study indicates that the two widely used e-cig flavoring chemicals impair the cilia function in airway epithelium and likely contribute to the adverse effects of e-cig in the lung. (nature.com)
  • it is also not known whether the flavoring chemicals similarly damage human airway epithelium. (nature.com)
  • Interactions of oxygen radicals with airway epithelium. (duke.edu)
  • The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the response of airway epithelium to particulates. (duke.edu)
  • Although incorporation (10).prostate organogenesis in the mouse is SHH independent, SHH isexpressed in the developing prostatic epithelium and inhibition of Expression of ligand (SHH) and final mediator (GLI1) in theSHH signaling causes defects in ductal patterning (5) and a prostatic epithelia suggested autocrine signaling as in the case ofreduction of epithelial cell proliferation (6). (fliphtml5.com)
  • There has been much debate regarding the proper term for this lesion (metaplasia vs. hyperplasia), but since goblet cells are not normally present in the epithelium of the smaller airways and are not normally visible in the upper airways, it should be diagnosed as goblet cell metaplasia in NTP studies. (nih.gov)
  • Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 damage ciliated epithelium in the nose and airways. (springer.com)
  • Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several sites in mammals, including corneal and pancreatic epithelium, secretory cells in salivary and lacrimal glands, and airway submucosal glands, bronchial epithelium and type I pneumocytes of the respiratory tract. (plos.org)
  • Dynamic changes in airway epithelial paracellular permeability allow for receptor-ligand access across the airway epithelium, and thereby regulate cell signaling [11] . (plos.org)
  • In polarized epithelium, adhesion between adjacent cells is mediated by intercellular junctions, namely, tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes [14] . (plos.org)
  • In the lung of COPD patients, alveolar type II epithelial cells and endothelial cells [31] and small airway bronchiolar epithelium [32] express decreased PCNA levels compared with related non-COPD control groups. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Given that miRNAs regulate airway gene expression responses to smoking, we evaluated whether miRNA expression is also altered in the bronchial epithelium of smokers with lung cancer. (grunebaumfoundation.org)
  • Our findings suggest that there are miRNAs whose expression is altered in the cytologically normal bronchial epithelium of smokers with lung cancer, and that they may regulate cancer-associated gene expression differences. (grunebaumfoundation.org)
  • Varying degrees of mononuclear cell and eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, desquamation of the epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and airway remodeling are present. (medscape.com)
  • The bronchial mucosa is made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and basal cells. (medscape.com)
  • The rhythmic movement of the cilia promotes the flow of the superficial liquid lining of the epithelium, along with mucin and other particulate material (eg, cells and debris) from within the lung to the pharynx. (medscape.com)
  • Targets of GLIs include genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and self-renewal of stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As mentioned above, targets of the Hedgehog signaling pathway include genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and self-renewal of stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In pancreatic and colorectal cancer, Shh signaling in CSCs drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition and, ultimately, cancer metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation is now recognised as an important feature of tissue remodelling. (ersjournals.com)
  • Reports from several laboratories suggest that a phenomenon termed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, in which epithelial cells transform into fibroblasts capable of producing connective tissue matrix, is an important feature of tissue remodelling 10 , 11 . (ersjournals.com)
  • In the present study, the hypothesis that adenoviral infection followed by persistent expression of its E1A gene is capable of producing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation was examined by investigating guinea pig PLECs that express adenoviral E1A. (ersjournals.com)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (bmj.com)
  • In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. (bmj.com)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells of non-haematopoietic origin, with the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of the mesenchyme, that is, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes. (bmj.com)
  • 3 4 Since then, it has become evident that MSCs reside in many tissues, including mesenchymal tissues (bone, adipose tissue, connective tissue), umbilical cord and several organs including the liver, spleen and lung. (bmj.com)
  • Sources of exogenous stem/progenitor cells that are currently under evaluation in the context of acute lung injury repair include embryonic stem cells, bone marrow- or fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells, circulating endothelial progenitors, and, recently, amniotic fluid stem/progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show the differentiation of patient specific iPSCs derived from a patient with SFTPB deficiency into lung organoids with mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations from both the proximal and distal portions of the human lung. (nature.com)
  • While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)
  • Moreover, a HSP27 inhibitor cross-linked with HSP27 protein to ameliorate PF, which was more effective when targeting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) stage of PF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A third marker of cell proliferation is usually CD90 (Thy1, thymocyte differentiation antigen-1), a glycophosphatidylinositol cell surface protein expressed by thymocytes, CD34+ cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, and cardiac fibroblasts. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • It is also considered a marker of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells when expressed in association with other markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD105) [33, 34]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Guinea pig primary peripheral lung epithelial cells (PLECs) transfected with adenovirus E1A (E1A-PLECs) were compared to guinea pig normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) transfected with E1A (E1A-NLFs). (ersjournals.com)
  • E1A transfection results in the transformation of peripheral lung epithelial cells and normal lung fibroblasts to a phenotype intermediate between that of the two primary cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • The changes that occur during adenoviral E1A transformation of primary guinea pig PLECs were also compared with those occurring during the transformation of the fibroblasts that frequently contaminate primary epithelial cultures, and evidence is presented that both cell types are transformed to an intermediate phenotype. (ersjournals.com)
  • Five of these seven loci lay within enhancer or DNase I hypersensitivity regions in lung fibroblasts or small airway epithelial cells, respectively. (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • Enhancer regions are significantly enriched among these GWAS results, with pulmonary fibroblasts among the cell types showing the strongest enrichment. (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • Adhesion of eosinophils to bronchial epithelial cells, and the interaction of airway smooth muscle and sub-epithelial fibroblasts play a critical role in asthma pathology. (lonza.com)
  • But, to our knowledge, no data are available on ESW treatment of main bronchial fibroblasts of patients with COPD and control healthy smokers or bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). (islamophobiacon.com)
  • We aimed in this study to analyze the proliferative effect of shock waves when applied as an external challenge to main bronchial fibroblasts of COPD patients and control smokers, and to immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Here, we have revealed the novel phosphorylation events downstream of sGC activation in human lung fibroblasts using phosphoproteomics. (scientificarchives.com)
  • About 20% of phosphorylation events, attenuated by transforming growth factor ß (TGFß), a master regulator of fibrosis, were further dysregulated in the sGCact A co-treated lung fibroblasts. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The 3dGRO™ Human Lung Organoid Culture System is a serum-free, multi-stage culture system for efficient differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to mature lung organoids that structurally resemble the in vivo branching airway and early alveolar structures. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Human lung organoid differentiation workflow. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Although many differentiation protocols in the literature have been successful in mimicking lung development from stem cells, there has not been an examination of how a specific mutation impacts the differentiation process including its effects on the early endoderm, as well as the proximal and distal lung epithelial cell populations in the lung organoids. (nature.com)
  • ESW in combination with tenogenic medium improved the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) into tenoblast-like cells [21]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • ESW combined with Rabbit Polyclonal to CACNG7 osteogenic Gabazine medium increased the osteogenic differentiation of treated hASCs [22], while stem cell differentiation into myofibroblasts was partially reduced by ESW treatment [23]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • In order to recapitulate the indigenous airway structures and differentiation different model systems using individual bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) possess previously been set up (Bals et Aliskiren hemifumarate al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • 2006 Even though ALI culture program demonstrates the power of HBECs to differentiate into lung epithelial cells coating the central lung it generally does not address differentiation within the distal airways. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • to replicate a far more physiologically relevant microenvironment for cell differentiation (McQualter et al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • It is postulated that this intermediate phenotype may play a major role in the remodelling of the airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with persistence of adenovirus E1A DNA. (ersjournals.com)
  • Cigarette smoke (CS) is well known to be a risk factor for pulmonary diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Two are novel associations (top single-nucleotide polymorphism rs379123 in MYO1D and rs9590614 in VMA8) located within genes that function in cell-cell signaling and cell migration, and five are in loci previously associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility (HHIP, IREB2/CHRNA3, CYP2A6/ADCK, TGFB2, and MMP12). (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • Other autopsy findings included pulmonary edema and ascites, as well as hypertensive changes in the lungs and early cardiac cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike traditional immortalized pulmonary cell lines and primary cells, lung organoids contain various differentiated cell types with complex tissue architecture that more closely resemble in vivo tissues and functionality. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • These pools have been located within the basal layer of the upper airways, within or near pulmonary neuroendocrine cell rests, at the bronchoalveolar junction as well as within the alveolar epithelial surface. (nih.gov)
  • The small airways of the human lung undergo pathological changes in pulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans and cystic fibrosis. (duke.edu)
  • In: Treatise on Pulmonary Toxicology: Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung, Vol 1 (Parent RA, ed). (nih.gov)
  • This pulmonary exposure to alcohol can damage the bronchial epithelial layer of the lung [ 6 , 7 ], while impairing the lung's ability to repair epithelial wounding via inhibition of the PKA pathway [ 8 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Lung tissues of patients with RIPF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung tissues from various fibrotic mouse models, as well as appropriated cell line systems were used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and fatal interstitial lung disease involving deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) around the fibrotic foci, as well as honeycomb changes of the subpleural and basement membranes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible and progressive fibrotic lung disease. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible fibrotic lung disease with unknown etiology [ 1 - 3 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Although two approved medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are able to slow down lung function decline in IPF patients, many other chronic pathologic conditions such as dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and overall disease progression, as measured by progression free survival and established lung fibrosis are not well managed [ 4 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Although rare, pulmonary embolism, infections, or neoplasms in the allograft may be diagnosed in this manner, which would affect the decision to use the donor lung. (medscape.com)
  • The largest pulmonary arteries have small yellow atherosclerotic plaques in pulmonary arterial hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • Victoria Ptasinski defended her Ph.D. thesis 'Alveolar Progenitor Cells in Lung Damage and Regeneration in Pulmonary Fibrosis' on Monday, November 27, 2023. (lu.se)
  • Her academic journey has been driven by a burning interest to understand what she considers to be the biggest mystery in this world, the human lung, particularly concerning diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (lu.se)
  • My focus has been on a specific lung disease called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (lu.se)
  • Treatment of SAEC with low doses (1.2ug/mL) of ND-MWCNT and MWCNT indicated that both induced a significant increase in cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, in attempt to provide fresh information about the impact of CS on proliferation of EPCs to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of the diseases related to CS in cellular level, we assessed the proliferation of EPCs after interfering the cells with a series of concentrations of CSE for various times of exposure in vitro . (hindawi.com)
  • Following early observations that MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation, 9 MSCs were found to interact with the majority of innate and adaptive immune cells. (bmj.com)
  • TSLP and IL-33, the exclusive IL1RL1 ligand, are secreted by epithelial cells and other immune cells and play essential roles in Th2 polarization, activation and proliferation of immune cells and participate in many asthma cardinal features such as chronic inflammation, airway remodeling and mucus production. (ubc.ca)
  • Loss of epithelial oestrogen receptor α inhibits oestrogen-stimulated prostate proliferation and squamous metaplasia via in vivo tissue selective knockout models. (duke.edu)
  • A significant correlation between high SHH expression, tumor presence, andThe Hedgehog-GLI signaling pathway is important in animal high cell proliferation was detected, but no correlation was founddevelopment and tumorigenesis. (fliphtml5.com)
  • All three incorporation), reduced the proliferation of PC3 cells by 30%, butHedgehog proteins act through the transmembrane proteins did not affect the proliferation of DU145 cells (10). (fliphtml5.com)
  • Cell growth (WST-1 test) was assessed, and proliferation markers were analyzed by qRT-PCR in cell lysates and by ELISA assessments in cell supernatants and cell lysates. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • After ESW treatment, we observed a significant increase of cell proliferation in all cell types. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • And many authors have shown that this human lung also in adulthood retains a significant regenerative potential from your large to the small airways and in terminal and respiratory bronchioles [17] and that tissue regeneration is usually achieved in two ways, by proliferation of common differentiated cells and/or by deployment of specialized stem/progenitor cells [18, 19]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Markers of cell proliferation include CD117 (c-Kit or SCFR), a receptor Gabazine tyrosine kinase protein that binds to stem cell factor (SCF), expressed on hematopoietic stem cells. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Another marker Gabazine of cell proliferation is usually proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). (islamophobiacon.com)
  • 1994. Mesothelial cell proliferation: A nonspecific response to lung injury associated with fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
  • These include vismodegib and sonidegib, both inhibitors of Smoothened (SMO), which are being used for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gorlin syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities and increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma or medulloblastoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Airway basal stem cells: a perspective on their roles in epithelial homeostasis and remodeling. (duke.edu)
  • 2010 Basal cells are limited by the trachea in mice while they're present through the entire individual airways (Boers et al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • At least two populations of epithelial stem/progenitor cells give rise to the lung anlage, comprising the laryngo-tracheal complex versus the distal lung below the first bronchial bifurcation. (nih.gov)
  • When cultured in various varieties of 3D systems refined adjustments in the microenvironment bring about the power of HBECs to differentiate into multiple central and distal lung epithelial cell types. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • HBECs type cyst like buildings resembling and expressing markers indicative of cells through the distal lung airways (Delgado et al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Recent in vivo data showed that NDMWCNT induced inflammation and fibrosis in mouse lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function due to airway obstruction, infection, and inflammation. (ubc.ca)
  • Lung organoids are useful three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models for studying human lung development and respiratory diseases including viral infections (SARS-CoV, H1N1, MERS), cystic fibrosis, asthma/COPD, exposure to air pollution and the effects of smoking. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Epithelial injury and interstitial fibrosis in the proximal alveolar regions of rats chronically exposed to a simulated pattern of urban ambient ozone. (duke.edu)
  • Using a novel computational model employing non-negative matrix factorization and Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation, significant biological processes with expression similar to MWCNT-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis pathology data in mice were identified. (lonza.com)
  • Two genes determined to be functionally related to inflammation and fibrosis, vascular endothelial growth factor A (vegfa) and C-C motif chemokine 2 (ccl2), were confirmed by in vitro studies of mRNA and protein expression in small airway epithelial cells exposed to MWCNT as concordant with in vivo expression. (lonza.com)
  • This study identified that the novel computational model was sufficient to determine biological processes strongly associated with the pathology of lung inflammation and fibrosis and could identify potential toxicity signaling pathways and mechanisms of MWCNT exposure which could be used for future animal studies to support human risk assessment and intervention efforts. (lonza.com)
  • Small-molecule CFTR modulators that directly target the mutant protein are powerful therapies that will likely benefit 90 percent of people with cystic fibrosis in the near future. (cff.org)
  • In this study, we assess uptake of ND-MWCNT into small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), which may induce molecular toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Lonza's Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells (SAEC) are isolated from asthmatic human lung tissue the distal portion of the lung in the 1mm bronchiole area. (lonza.com)
  • Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization and play an important role in the development of these diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • The bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide an alternative source of endothelial cells (ECs) that contributes to neovessel formation in endothelium structure [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1 Unique MSC-specific markers have not yet been identified, and MSCs constitute a heterogeneous cell population, including both multipotent (stem) cells and progenitor cells and might even contain pluripotent cell fractions. (bmj.com)
  • Strategies to enhance endogenous alveolar epithelial repair could include protection of epithelial progenitors from injury and/or stimulation of endogenous progenitor cell function. (nih.gov)
  • Alternatively, exogenous stem/progenitor cells can be delivered into the lung either intravenously, intratracheally, or by direct injection. (nih.gov)
  • Further work will be needed to translate stem/progenitor cell therapy for the lung. (nih.gov)
  • Due to the role of aberrant Hedgehog signaling in tumor progression and cancer stem cell maintenance across cancer types, inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling pathway can be a useful strategy for restricting tumor growth and for preventing the recurrence of the disease post-surgery, post-radiotherapy, or post-chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, Shh ligands can stimulate the production of growth factors by stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA was seen in lung tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we show that chronic (6-month) exposure of human lung epithelial cells to single-walled (SW) CNTs at the workplace-relevant concentration induced an emergence of lung CSCs, as indicated by the induction of CSC tumor spheres and side population (SP). (oncotarget.com)
  • These CSCs, which were found to overexpress tumor promoter caveolin-1 (Cav-1), displayed aggressive cancer phenotypes of apoptosis resistance and enhanced cell invasion and migration compared with their non-CSC counterpart. (oncotarget.com)
  • Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • If the system on the checking and balancing of cell growth is disrupted it will result into the unrestrained division and propagation of cells which ultimately forms into a mass called tumor. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Metastasis is the process of spreading the tumor cells and the spots of the growth of tumors at these distant sites are known as metastases. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Tumor metastases consist of similar types of cells being the original tumor. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Staging of lung cancer is essential to determine how the tumor can be treated, because lung-cancer therapies are done toward particular stages. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • HSP25 (murine form of HSP27) transgenic (TG) and LLC1-derived orthotropic lung tumor models were also used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • be used to comprehend respiratory diseases such as for example lung tumor. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • The EPCs seem to be impaired and thus lead to the repair of capacity of the lung tissue reduced in patients with COPD. (hindawi.com)
  • In this report, we investigated a case of fatal H5N1 disease in a child for tissue tropism caused by the virus in the lungs and other organs. (cdc.gov)
  • During an asthma attack bronchiole smooth muscle tissue can constrict and decrease the flow of air in the airways. (lonza.com)
  • Diagnosis can be confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue biopsy. (bvsalud.org)
  • In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
  • Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
  • TNFα levels were also inhibited in the alcohol and HDE-exposed mouse lung tissue as compared to the HDE only exposed group. (cdc.gov)
  • HDE-induced lung inflammatory aggregates clearly present in the tissue from HDE only exposed animals were not visually detectable in the HDE/alcohol co-exposure group. (cdc.gov)
  • The walls of the lungs and chest are covered by a thin coating of tissue known as pleura. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that arises from pleura or seldom from supporting tissue in the lungs, blood vessels for example. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • These phenotypes possess mainly been mimicked using major tissue from embryonic individual and mouse lungs (Miura and Shiota 2000 Weaver et al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Oligonucleotide microarray technology is a powerful application to measure genome-wide changes in mRNA expression levels in various tissue samples or cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, use of whole tissue homogenates unavoidably results in averaging of expression levels of different cell types present in the tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In IPF, the lung loses that ability as it becomes filled with other kinds of tissue that make it very stiff. (lu.se)
  • CC10 is involved in modulating inflammation in airway passages and may play a role in asthma. (ihcworld.com)
  • Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing in patients. (lonza.com)
  • Exacerbation rate, asthma symptoms, maintenance oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and lung function were evaluated, among other variables. (bvsalud.org)
  • The new explanation for what causes the lungs' airways to close during asthma attacks could change the way we manage and treat asthma. (medindia.net)
  • One of the key features of asthma is an overproduction of a highly sticky protein secreted by the mucous membranes of airways in the lungs, called mucin, which leads to plugging up the small airways and stopping air from traveling in and out of them. (medindia.net)
  • In asthma, the T helper cells in the lungs are hyperactive and express a molecule called OX40. (medindia.net)
  • The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (medscape.com)
  • Antigen presentation by the dendritic cell with the lymphocyte and cytokine response leading to airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The mechanism of inflammation in asthma may be acute, subacute, or chronic, and the presence of airway edema and mucus secretion also contributes to airflow obstruction and bronchial reactivity. (medscape.com)
  • Airway hyperresponsiveness or bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma is an exaggerated response to numerous exogenous and endogenous stimuli. (medscape.com)
  • The degree of airway hyperresponsiveness generally correlates with the clinical severity of asthma. (medscape.com)
  • of Th2 helper T-cells in asthma ( 11 ). (who.int)
  • RESULTS: Initially, because of the atypical ancillary findings, we thought the disease was a lung abscess, which was eventually confirmed by pathology as AEP. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • Lung transplantation-related pathology encompasses a spectrum of disorders that include, but are not limited to, indications for lung transplantation (seen in explanted lungs), surgical complications (airway anastomotic and vascular complications), ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection (acute and chronic), infections, and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). (medscape.com)
  • Thus, a comprehensive understanding of lung transplantation-related pathology is necessary for both tertiary care pathologists dealing with highly specialized lung transplantation teams and a much larger spectrum of healthcare providers who may be involved in the care of lung transplant recipients or candidates for lung transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical features of lung transplantation-related pathology can range from an absence of symptoms to signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and/or infection and are not detailed in this article. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of lung transplantation-related pathology is almost always immune-mediated. (medscape.com)
  • BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 are proposed innate immune molecules expressed in the upper airways. (ubc.ca)
  • Associated lesions, such as inflammation and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia, should be diagnosed and graded separately. (nih.gov)
  • To stay healthy, our lungs have to maintain two key populations of cells: the alveolar epithelial cells, which make up the little sacs where gas exchange takes place, and bronchiolar epithelial cells (also known as airway cells) that are lined with smooth muscle. (ethizo.com)
  • Using RNA-Seq, we identified a total of 163 and 568 differentially expressed genes in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that were exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondrial efflux of citrate and isocitrate is fully dispensable for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and pancreatic islet β-cell function. (uiowa.edu)
  • We also show the presence of normal lamellar bodies and the secretion of surfactant into the cell culture medium in the organoids of lentiviral infected cells. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies based on the National Institutes of Health-sponsored National Emphysema Treatment Trial have shown that the progression of COPD is associated with thickening of the walls of the small conducting airways by a repair and remodelling process 2 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Case-control studies have shown that the E1A DNA from group C adenoviruses is present in greater amounts in the lungs of patients with COPD than in controls with normal lung function matched for age, sex and smoking history 5 , and that the excess inflammation in the lungs of smokers with severe emphysema is associated with increased numbers of alveolar epithelial cells expressing E1A 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • However, little information is known about the effects of CSE on EPCs concerning the pathophysiology of COPD. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research. (bmj.com)
  • Protein levels were significantly increased for c-Kit (CD117) at 4?h in 16HBE (selective agonist administration also showed no differences in CT scores or lung function in treated vs. nontreated COPD patients [15, 16]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Lung development is a complicated process that involves the specialization of multiple bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial populations. (nature.com)
  • In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)
  • Laser microdissection microscopy has become a rising tool to assess gene expression profiles of pure cell populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in lung, intestine, and spleen tissues, but positive-stranded viral RNA indicating virus replication was confined to the lung and intestine. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, lung organoids can be derived from small amounts of patient tissues or pluripotent stem cells to create living biobanks that facilitate personalized biomedical research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cav-1 not only promoted tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model but also metastasis of the transformed cells to neighboring tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • Malignant tumors grow assertively and attack other parts or tissues of the body, permitting the entry of cancer cells into the lymphatic system or to the bloodstream and some other locations in the human body. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)
  • Inverse correlation between pHSP27 and Smurf2 was observed in the lung tissues of PF animals, an irradiated orthotropic lung cancer models, and PF tissues from patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aberrant Shh signaling has also been implicated in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into definitive endoderm cells using a 4-day induction medium. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Residual pools of adult stem cells are hypothesized to be the source of lung regeneration and repair. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may represent targets for carcinogenic initiation by chemical and environmental agents. (oncotarget.com)
  • Evolving research in stem cells and cancer biology have provided strong evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various human solid tumors, including brain, breast, bone marrow, prostrate, colon, and lung [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • They are 3-dimensional, complex, multicellular structures that can be derived from patient specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (nature.com)
  • Infection of iPSCs with lentiviral inserts is a highly efficient process since stem cells grow quickly, remain undifferentiated in specific cell culture conditions and can establish fully infected clones within 2-3 passages. (nature.com)
  • Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)
  • During aging, a decline in organ function can be traced to a loss of stem cell function due to increased cell turnover, depletion of stem cells, and alterations to the stem cell niche. (karger.com)
  • 2000 Previously it has additionally been recommended that ectopically Aliskiren hemifumarate released telomerase and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 immortalized HBECs screen features of multipotent stem cells from the lung (Delgado et al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • lung and digestive tract tumors (12, 13). (fliphtml5.com)
  • Thus, whereas autocrinehuman prostate tumors express GLI1 (9), a very reliable marker of signaling may take place in prostate tumors in situ, theseSHH signaling, we hypothesized that SHH-GLI function is involved metastatic cell lines seem to have lost responsiveness to ligandin prostate cancer. (fliphtml5.com)
  • The lung is extremely the common location for metastasis coming from tumors in some parts in the body. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • 13,14 ), and they have larger alveoli and The scientific and regulatory communities increase in lung tumors, although soot accu- alveolar ducts than rats ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Adenoviral DNA is retained by peripheral epithelial cells of the lung (PLECs) in humans in whom the viral E1A gene is expressed 4 without replication of a complete virus 5 . (ersjournals.com)
  • In contrast to disseminated infection documented in other mammals and birds, H5N1 viral replication in humans may be restricted to the lung and intestine, and the major site of H5N1 viral replication in the lung is the pneumocyte. (cdc.gov)
  • The absence of detectable viral antigen-positive cells in previous reports may relate to the fact that the patients died during the late phase of the disease after intensive treatment with antiviral drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • To further investigate the mechanism of action of BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 during bacterial infection, gene expression was profiled using RNA-Seq in airway epithelial cells stimulated with P. aeruginosa and treated with recombinant BPIFA1 and BPIFB1.Viral infections are now recognized to play an important role in the short and long term health of CF patients. (ubc.ca)
  • Rhinovirus is emerging as a lead viral pathogen although little is known about the inflammatory response triggered by rhinovirus in the CF lung. (ubc.ca)
  • Additionally, lung organoids also express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, along with TMPRSS2, the serine protease that enhances SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Once inside the cells, the virus hijacks the protein manufacturing machinery of the cell to generate its own viral proteins and create more viral particles. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Once mature viral particles are produced, they are released from the cell and can then go on to invade adjacent cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • When T cell function declines, such as with increasing age or during use of immunosuppressive drugs, viral clearance is delayed. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
  • These data suggest that alcohol exposure depresses the ability of the lung to activate PKCε-dependent inflammatory pathways to environmental dust exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • Microarray and qPCR gene expression analysis implicated rs1078761 G as being associated with reduced BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 gene expression, suggesting that decreased levels of these genes are detrimental in CF.Functional assays to characterize the role of BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 in CF indicated that these molecules do not have an anti-bacterial role against P. aeruginosa, but do have an immunomodulatory function in CF airway epithelial cells. (ubc.ca)
  • Using gene manipulation strategies, we reveal for the first time that Cav-1 plays an essential role in CSC regulation and aggressiveness of SWCNT-transformed cells partly through p53 dysregulation, consistent with their suggested role by microarray and gene ontology analysis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
  • In essence, OX40 activates the IL-9 gene in T helper cells, leading to the overproduction of IL-9 through a powerful molecular machinery of super-enhancers that regulate gene expression. (medindia.net)
  • Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
  • We have previously shown that gene expression alterations in normal-appearing bronchial epithelial cells can serve as a lung cancer detection biomarker in smokers. (grunebaumfoundation.org)
  • Using epithelial brushings from the mainstem bronchus of patients undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer (as part of the AEGIS-1/2 clinical trials), we profiled miRNA expression via small-RNA sequencing from 347 current and former smokers for which gene expression data were also available. (grunebaumfoundation.org)
  • Current knowledge about the identity and function of these stem cell compartments has been largely drawn from a variety of transgenic and spontaneously mutated mouse models that are characterized by rapid rates of aging or have been used to examine regeneration from injury in the context of natural or accelerated aging. (karger.com)
  • In this review, we will present current data on lung aging and lung regeneration, with specific attention paid to stem cell-driven regeneration within the context of aging. (karger.com)
  • Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is usually applied in many musculoskeletal diseases and in regenerative medicine based on its capability to induce neoangiogenesis, osteogenesis, regeneration, and remodeling through stem cell activation [20]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • While mouse versions have contributed inside our knowledge of lung advancement fix and regeneration inherent distinctions between your murine and individual airways requires the introduction of new versions using individual airway epithelial cells. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Important areas of individual lung advancement fix and regeneration have already been studied by using mouse versions (Morrisey and Hogan 2010 Although these murine versions have provided beneficial insights into lung homeostasis and regeneration you can find intrinsic differences between your individual and mouse airway epithelia (Rock and roll and Hogan 2011 Rock and roll et al. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells synthesize, secrete and recycle all components of surfactant and dysfunction in surfactant metabolism can result in a variety of pediatric lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial lung disease 3 . (nature.com)
  • 2 MSCs were first described in the bone marrow where they constitute a small fraction of cells (0.001%-0.01%) that closely interact with haematopoietic cells to support haematopoiesis and skeletal homeostasis. (bmj.com)
  • In the lungs, people with CF have abnormal homeostasis of the airway surface liquid, with impaired hydration of secretions and mucus, reduced mucociliary clearance, inflammation and susceptibility to infection. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • At the cellular level, aging is marked by depletion of adult stem cell reservoirs, the inability to maintain baseline homeostasis, a reduced response to stress, an increased accumulation of damaged DNA leading to telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)
  • Furthermore, E1A DNA and protein persisted in epithelial cells in the lungs of these animals 9 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Clara cell 10 (CC10) protein, a homologue of rabbit uteroglobin, is a phospholipase A2 inhibitor. (ihcworld.com)
  • The CFTR protein forms an ion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • Proteome Profiler Mouse Angiogenesis Array Kit (Catalog # ARY015) Desmoglein 3 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating activator protein 1 and protein kinase C-dependent-Ezrin activation. (bnwax.com)
  • Central to their findings was the identification of T helper cells that communicate with mucin-producing cells in the lungs through a small protein called interleukin 9 (IL-9). (medindia.net)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that a lethal lung disease can be targeted and corrected in a human lung organoid model in vitro . (nature.com)
  • Recent findings indicate that with Gleason score or other clinical parameters.the growth and survival of human prostate cancer cells relyupon sustained signaling from the Hedgehog-GLI pathway. (fliphtml5.com)
  • These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)
  • These findings have implications for improving lung cancer diagnosis, optimizing treatment selection, and discovering new drug options for better patient outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The cut surface shows the characteristic findings of the disease for which lung transplantation was indicated. (medscape.com)
  • Occupational workers exposed to dusts from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are at risk for developing chronic inflammatory lung diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • The 3D book cell culture program recapitulates stromal-epithelial connections that may be useful to understand essential areas of lung advancement and diseases. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Over the last few decades, lung transplantation has become an accepted modality of treatment for many end-stage lung diseases. (medscape.com)
  • It is of interest to us all to understand how they work and how we can develop new treatments for diseases that target the lungs. (lu.se)
  • I have studied reasons why the lung develops diseases that are currently not curable and why there is damage occurring in the lung that does not seem to stop but progresses into the development of a disease that we die from. (lu.se)
  • These diseases have in common that they start at the airway mucosal surfaces and inflammatory bouts (exacerbations) are to a large extent triggered by infections. (lu.se)
  • Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells which can be differentiated in vitro from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we utilized primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that are cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to mimic the in vivo airway characteristics 30 . (nature.com)
  • These human observations are supported by experiments in guinea pigs, where, in the absence of actively replicating virus but the presence of E1A DNA, adenovirus infection resulted in excess lung inflammation following a single exposure to cigarette smoke 7 , and increased parenchymal and airway wall inflammation with greater emphysematous destruction after chronic exposure 8 . (ersjournals.com)
  • In the lab, the researchers showed that the virus was able to infect cultures of human epithelial cells that line the airways of the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The virus also had the ability to infect ferrets, which researchers often use to model human influenza, and to transmit from animal to animal via tiny airborne droplets called aerosols. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, limited previous data from human autopsies have not shown evidence of virus dissemination beyond the lung. (cdc.gov)
  • During days 4-8, induction media (SCM305, SCM306) directs human definitive endoderm cells toward anterior foregut endoderm (AFE). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Add ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) Y-27632 ( SCM075 ) to 7-10 mL Human ES/iPS cell Expansion Media ( SCM130 ) to a final concentration of 10 µM. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • While carcinogenesis induced by various chemicals and environmental agents including cigarette smoke, air pollution, and heavy metals has been extensively studied [ 7 - 9 ], relatively little has been carried out or known about the cancer risk caused by nanomaterial exposure, notably carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which share similar properties with asbestos fibers, a known human carcinogen [ 10 - 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells were either left untreated or treated with 200 ng/mL recombinant human (rh) EGF (Catalog # 236-EG) for 5 minutes. (bnwax.com)
  • The Noncoding RNA nc886 Regulates PKR Signaling and Cytokine Production in Human Cells. (bnwax.com)
  • Lung cancer, like any other malignancies, is the outcome of abnormalities the cell, which is the essential unit of life of the human body. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • This is what my Ph.D. has focused on - the human lung. (lu.se)
  • This alternate mode of triggering the activity of GLIs is common in cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abnormal control of these processes in cancer cells is often a consequence of dysregulated Shh signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • In chronic myeloid leukemia and breast cancer, inhibition of Shh signaling has been shown to reduce stem cell propagation and renewal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overexpression of CC10 in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 was shown to result in the near absence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 matrix etalloproteinases and a reduction in invasiveness, indicating that loss of CC10 may contribute to carcinogenesis. (ihcworld.com)
  • Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cell signaling and cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • I obtained my BSc and PhD from the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Birmingham before embarking on postdoctoral research dissecting host-pathogen interactions in epithelial cells at the University of Birmingham (Cancer Sciences) and then at the University of Sheffield (Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease). (derby.ac.uk)
  • Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and environmental and occupational exposure is a major cause of most cases [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • 65(8): 2990-2) prostate cancer cell lines derived from metastatic lesions that are commonly used to study prostate cancer (LNCaP from a prostate Hedgehog signaling has been implicated in the control of many cancer lymph node metastasis and PC3 and DU145 from boneaspects of vertebrate development. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Cancer types that have been well documented in literature to be related with environmental exposure include the reproductive system, breast, lung, kidney, pancreas, and brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breast cancer cells condition lymphatic endothelial cells within pre-metastatic niches to promote metastasis. (bnwax.com)
  • Because cancer of the lung tends to scatter or metastasize earlier once it is formed, it is extremely life-threatening malignancy and most hard to cure. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • While cancer of the lung may spread to some organs in the body, particular organs, like liver, brain bones and adrenal glands are the commonly the sites for the metastasis of lung cancer. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • For example, when cancer of the prostate scatters through the bloodstream into the lungs, it could not be lung cancer but it is prostate cancer which metastasized in the lungs. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • because of this, cancer of the lungs are occasionally called broncogenic cancers or carcinomas. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • Physicians can use various examinations to stage accurately lung cancer, which includes blood chemistry tests, CT scan, MRI, X-rays, PET scans and bone scans. (cancernaturalremedy.org)
  • From the list of genes that were targeted by the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, DGKE and WDR47 had significant associations with responses to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated network, we discovered three drugsBX-912, daunorubicin, and midostaurinthat can be repositioned to treat lung cancer, which was not known before. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease. (cdc.gov)
  • DGKE and WDR47 were found with significant associations with responses to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations in Bronchial Airway miRNA Expression for Lung Cancer Detection. (grunebaumfoundation.org)
  • Patients were followed for one year postbronchoscopy until a final diagnosis of lung cancer (n = 194) or benign disease (n = 153) was made. (grunebaumfoundation.org)
  • In addition, the buildup of mucous in the lungs, as a result of this immune response to infection, induces coughing as a reflex to try to clear the airways. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Rats and mice have very low numbers of goblet (mucous) cells in their lungs. (nih.gov)
  • Arteries, veins, and lymphatics also enter the lungs at the hilum along with the bronchi. (medscape.com)
  • I developed a complementary approach of epithelial cell and murine models to describe the role of a TLR3 effector, Pellino-1, in controlling the inflammatory response to respiratory viruses (rhinovirus and influenza A). (derby.ac.uk)
  • Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) are important for the initiation and maintenance of a Th2 inflammatory environment in the asthmatic lung. (ubc.ca)
  • The inflammatory kinase MAP4K4 promotes reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and enhances the invasiveness of infected endothelial cells. (bnwax.com)
  • Because alcohol blocks airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 in vitro , we hypothesized that alcohol exposure would alter mouse lung inflammatory responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)
  • A few of these inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory cell recruitment, can be modulated by alcohol exposure [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, also sometimes called hedgehog inhibitors, are small molecules that inhibit the activity of a component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • It then travels down the respiratory tract and binds to epithelial cells lining the lung airways via specific molecules on the cell surface. (medicalxpress.com)
  • They then sound the alarm by producing small hormone-like molecules called cytokines and chemokines . (medicalxpress.com)
  • The method of stimulating isolated cells with CSE in vitro has been explored and frequently applied to determine the direct causes in the relationships between cigarette smoking and cellular functions [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Influenza virus causes an infection in the respiratory tract , or nose, throat and lungs. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to properly combat influenza infection, the cytokines and chemokines produced by the innate immune cells in the lungs become systemic - that is, they enter the bloodstream, and contribute to these systemic symptoms. (medicalxpress.com)
  • To help immune cells survive, OX40 organizes super-enhancers, which are regions of DNA that control what genes become active, causing T helper cells to produce an abundance of IL-9. (medindia.net)
  • ences between rats and primates (humans humans, 57, 68, and 91% of the retained particulate material was located in the interstitium of and nonhumans) could affect sites of long- the lung in the nonminers, coal miners under the current standard, and coal miners under the term particle retention. (cdc.gov)
  • The loss of lung elastic recoil caused by emphysema and the remodelling process that obstructs the small airways cause the gradual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second that characterises this condition 2 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed in 9,614 subjects for five emphysema patterns, and the results were referenced against enhancer and DNase I hypersensitive regions from ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics cell lines. (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • Imatinib inhibits VEGF-independent angiogenesis by targeting neuropilin 1-dependent ABL1 activation in endothelial cells. (bnwax.com)
  • Airway epithelial cells can dynamically regulate paracellular permeability in response to both physiologic and pathologic stimuli [6] , [11] . (plos.org)
  • Lung, Bronchiole - Metaplasia, Goblet cell from a male Sprague-Dawley rat in an acute study. (nih.gov)
  • A recent small study in outpatients with COVID-19 without acute respiratory distress syndrome suggests substantial symptom resolution. (springer.com)
  • YM155 potently kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through activation of the DNA damage pathway. (bnwax.com)
  • However, overexpression of aurora-A in particular cell lines such as NIH3T3 is sufficient to induce growth on soft agar. (lookformedical.com)
  • Goblet cell metaplasia may occur in association with infectious agents or exposure to inhaled irritants in both rats and mice. (nih.gov)
  • Alcohol exposure is associated with increased lung infections and decreased mucociliary clearance. (cdc.gov)
  • Agricultural worker co-exposure to alcohol and organic dust has been established, although little research has been conducted on the combination effects of alcohol and organic dusts on the lung. (cdc.gov)
  • of exposure, and/or lung burden). (cdc.gov)
  • 1998. Impact of exposure to insulation wool on lung function and cough in Swedish construction workers. (cdc.gov)
  • Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. (plos.org)
  • In contrast, overexpression of AQP5 increased assembly of microtubules, with evidence of increased MT stability, and promoted the formation of long straight microtubules in the apical domain of the epithelial cells. (plos.org)