• Aspergillus fumigatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus, and is one of the most common Aspergillus species to cause disease in individuals with an immunodeficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprotroph widespread in nature, is typically found in soil and decaying organic matter, such as compost heaps, where it plays an essential role in carbon and nitrogen recycling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus grown on certain building materials can produce genotoxic and cytotoxic mycotoxins, such as gliotoxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus has a stable haploid genome of 29.4 million base pairs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome sequences of three Aspergillus species-Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus oryzae-were published in Nature in December 2005. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent cause of invasive fungal infection in immunosuppressed individuals, which include patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune or neoplastic disease, organ transplant recipients, and AIDS patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • A. fumigatus primarily causes invasive infection in the lung and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteomyelitis and lung abscess due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a chronic granulomatous disease patient', Current Medical Mycology , 2(3), pp. 37-41. (ac.ir)
  • Here we have explored pulmonary innate recognition of a variety of fungal particles, including zymosan, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, and demonstrate that opsonisation with surfactant components can limit inflammation by reducing host-cell fungal interactions. (nih.gov)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species implicated in all pulmonary syndromes, although Aspergillus flavus is a more common cause of various forms of allergic rhinosinusitis, postoperative aspergillosis and fungal keratitis. (bmj.com)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from 5 birds with characteristic lesions of airsacculitis. (cdc.gov)
  • The microscopic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus was particularly evident in synthetic pillows. (lymphomainfo.net)
  • Prof. Boyton has specialist clinical expertise in lung infection (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Aspergillus fumigatus ), bronchiectasis and host immunity to infection. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The most common species of fungus that causes disease in humans is Aspergillus fumigatus . (mountsinai.org)
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic or hypersensitive reaction to a fungus known as Aspergillus fumigatus. (aaaai.org)
  • However, in certain people, the immune system overreacts to the antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus found in the lungs. (aaaai.org)
  • The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. (theconversation.com)
  • Aspergillosis is a mold infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus , which often affects the lungs. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • If we add too much Aspergillus fumigatus to the model, the lung cells die. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • The present study aims at the production optimization, purification, and characterization of a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound (AMC) produced by Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01 (GenBank Ac. (nature.com)
  • It had cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma A549 cell line and was stable up to 100 °C. Thus, the study revealed that the strain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produces a potent broad-spectrum AMC 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid that could be used against human food and topical pathogenic bacteria. (nature.com)
  • A. fumigatus is a common environmental mold that has the potential to infect the lungs and respiratory tract, causing disease known as aspergillosis . (asm.org)
  • Title : Pulmonary immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus in an immunocompetent mouse model of repeated exposures Personal Author(s) : Buskirk, Amanda D.;Templeton, Steven P.;Nayak, Ajay P.;Hettick, Justin M.;Law, Brandon F.;Green, Brett J.;Beezhold, Donald H. (cdc.gov)
  • Endodontic materials containing zinc oxide are considered to cause growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and may allow for its proliferation and metabolism 2,4-9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Allergic bronchonopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a serious disease which involves difficulty in breathing, lung damage (such as lung opacities and bronchiectasis) and severe allergy and high levels of IgE antibodies to Aspergillus species. (knowthecause.com)
  • While allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is well recognized mold related disease, only recently has it been recognized that severe lung allergy can develop for non Aspergillus molds. (knowthecause.com)
  • Invasive aspergillosis in this patient with pneumonia, lung abscess, and osteomyelitis of the ribs was not initially treated with amphotericin B (Am B) and recombinant interferon-gamma. (ac.ir)
  • Invasive aspergillosis develops in severely immunocompromised patients, including those with neutropenia, and increasingly in the non-neutropenic host, including lung transplant recipients, the critically ill patients and patients on steroids. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis affects patients without obvious immune compromise, but with an underlying lung condition such as COPD or sarcoidosis, prior or concurrent TB or non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. (bmj.com)
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis affects patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis, and is important to recognise as permanent lung or airways damage may accrue if untreated. (bmj.com)
  • Cases of extrinsic allergic alveolitis and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis have been observed after Aspergillus exposure. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) presents in a more indolent fashion, usually affecting patients with underlying lung disease, but with no or only subtle generalised immune compromise. (bmj.com)
  • Finally, an allergic response to inhaled Aspergillus results in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation. (bmj.com)
  • Aspergillosis is an acute pulmonary infection caused by the aspergillus fungus. (mountsinai.org)
  • Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in immuno-compromised patients including those undergoing hematological stem cell or solid organ transplantation (particularly lung transplants) and some patients in critical care, including those with COVID-19- or influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. (globenewswire.com)
  • Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus, a common mould that can be found both indoors and out. (mirror.co.uk)
  • ABPA also often involves production of thick mucin plugs and/or growth of Aspergillus species in the lungs. (knowthecause.com)
  • Aspergillus species are the most common fungal infections in these patients. (ac.ir)
  • In TWL, the primary culprit antigen is the Aspergillus species, with the source in tobacco molds. (medscape.com)
  • Here we present a rare case of invasive infection caused by Microascus trigonosporus species complex in a human, which developed during voriconazole prophylaxis in a lung transplant recipient. (hindawi.com)
  • Species of yeast, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Ustilago made up one fifth of the fungi present. (cdc.gov)
  • Being pre-dated by older names, the name A. niger has been conserved for economical and information retrieval reasons and there is a taxonomical consensus based on molecular data that the only other common species closely related to A. niger in the Aspergillus series Nigri is A. tubingensis . (springer.com)
  • Because there are over 186 species of aspergillus mold, it can develop in many various colors. (e-architect.com)
  • Aspergillus is an allergenic mold, but it can grow more toxic depending on the species and the conditions affected. (e-architect.com)
  • Assured aspergillus mold species can produce aflatoxins, a known and dangerous carcinogen. (e-architect.com)
  • The incidence of pulmonary fungal disease has increased substantially over the past two decades with Aspergillus species being the most common pathogen. (globenewswire.com)
  • Cryptic species of Aspergillus have rapidly increased in the last few decades. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of different species of Aspergillus are important to support the management of CPA. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Twenty-nine (49%) patients met the criteria for diagnosis of CPA with 24% containing Aspergillus cryptic species. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This is the first report of five cryptic Aspergillus species from clinical isolates in Indonesia: A. aculea tus, A. neoniger, A. brunneoviolacues, A. welwitschiae, and A. tubingensis. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The species-level characterisation of Aspergillus and its antifungal susceptibility tests demands greater attention to better the management of CPA patients. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Histology showed branching hyphae negative for common Aspergillus species by immunohistochemical staining. (bmj.com)
  • Species of fungi belonging to the Aspergillus genus represent another significant concern. (asm.org)
  • Clinical features of lung transplantation-related pathology can range from an absence of symptoms to signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and/or infection and are not detailed in this article. (medscape.com)
  • Aspergillus bronchitis may be responsible for persistent respiratory symptoms in patients with Aspergillus detected repeatedly in sputum without evidence of parenchymal Aspergillus disease, especially in patients with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. (bmj.com)
  • In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • While GLA mycobiota also influences chronic gut diseases such as IBD, we will not address this key role in the present review: we aimed at analyzing how lung and gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota influence each other, how they interact with the human immune system, and their role in respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • It can lead to many symptoms, such as asthma attacks, lung infections, and respiratory inflammation. (e-architect.com)
  • A synthetic catalase-superoxide dismutase mimetic (EUK-134) significantly blunted lung inflammation and respiratory function decline confirming the role of oxidant imbalance. (cdc.gov)
  • Tobacco use has a huge impact on respiratory health and is the most common cause of lung cancer [13]. (who.int)
  • Lung transplantation-related pathology encompasses a spectrum of disorders that include, but are not limited to, indications for lung transplantation (seen in explanted lungs), surgical complications (airway anastomotic and vascular complications), ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection (acute and chronic), infections, and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). (medscape.com)
  • Although rare, pulmonary embolism, infections, or neoplasms in the allograft may be diagnosed in this manner, which would affect the decision to use the donor lung. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical features, course and prognosis of Aspergillus infections largely depend on the degree of immune compromise of the host, although there is increasing recognition of the importance of genetics. (bmj.com)
  • A few medical cases, e.g. lung infections, have been reported, but always in severely immunocompromised patients. (springer.com)
  • Chronic lung infections with Aspergillus can leave patients with extensive and permanent lung damage, requiring a lifetime of antifungal treatment. (globenewswire.com)
  • Most of us breathe in its spores everyday without getting sick, but for those with weakened immune systems it can cause serious lung infections and allergic reactions. (cnn.com)
  • Testing Garlic: A New Weapon in the Fight Against CF Lung Infections? (cff.org)
  • The treatment has the potential to prevent Aspergillus fungal infections in people who have had a lung transplant. (cff.org)
  • Most people can inhale Aspergillus spores without becoming unwell but it can cause health problems like allergic reactions, lung infections and infections in other organs. (mirror.co.uk)
  • Aspergillus infections. (medscape.com)
  • This can lead to repeated lung infections and lung damage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fungal infections have also been reported to be waterpipes transmitted diseases when a patient with acute myeloid leukemia showed invasive infection with Aspergillus sp. (who.int)
  • ABPA patients must limit exposure to Aspergillus and other molds (fungi) and frequently have to either leave their workplaces and homes and/or have their workplaces and homes remediated to reduce water and mold damage. (knowthecause.com)
  • In a majority of these lung sensitivity patients, high IgE antibodies to fungi, lung damage and fungi growth in lungs were reported. (knowthecause.com)
  • The authors believe that rates of bronchopulmonary mycosis- due to both Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus fungi- are greatly underdiagnosed. (knowthecause.com)
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis due to fungi other than Aspergillus: a global overview. (knowthecause.com)
  • The airborne particles carry microbes and fungi, and can react with human lung tissue. (jstor.org)
  • A recent literature review reported 143 world wide cases of severe lung sensitivity to non-Aspergillus molds including Candida albicans (60% of cases), Bipolaris (13%), Schizophyllium commune (11%), Curvularia (8%), Pseudallescheria (3%) and others. (knowthecause.com)
  • The etiology of lung transplantation-related pathology is almost always immune-mediated. (medscape.com)
  • She established the Lung Immunology Group on the South Kensington campus of Imperial College London to study immune mechanisms in infectious and allergic lung inflammation and remodelling. (rbht.nhs.uk)
  • Although most of us are frequently exposed to Aspergillus, a reaction to it is rare in people with normal immune systems . (aaaai.org)
  • This fungus can cause a number of disorders in people with compromised immune function or other lung diseases. (theconversation.com)
  • CONCLUSION: In children with cystic fibrosis, positive Aspergillus BAL cultures at age 5 years were associated contemporaneously with air trapping but not bronchiectasis. (edu.au)
  • Recently rediscovered is Aspergillus bronchitis in those with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis especially, as well as lung transplant recipients and those ventilated in intensive therapy units. (bmj.com)
  • New sections on Legionnaires disease and pneumonia caused by Aspergillus sp. (cdc.gov)
  • Aspergillus can cause illness three ways an allergic reaction in asthmatics, a colonization in scarred lung tissue, and an invasive infection with pneumonia, which can affect the heart, lungs, brain and kidneys. (mountsinai.org)
  • and an invasive infection with pneumonia which can affect the heart, lungs, brain and kidneys. (mountsinai.org)
  • If you are diagnosed with ABPA, you should be followed closely by your physician in order to prevent or minimize damage to your lungs. (aaaai.org)
  • Before the latest finding (aspergillus), the lung specialist informed me the biopsy in April showed Stage IV small-cell lung cancer and I was given a prognosis of less than 6 mo. (lungevity.org)
  • Lung biopsy is rarely required to confirm the diagnosis because diagnosis is primarily derived from a thorough occupational history, assessment of clinical features, and review of radiography results. (medscape.com)
  • Indeed, whether a lung biopsy is indicated in the workup of a patient with severe asthma remains an individual decision. (ersjournals.com)
  • Diagnosis usually requires chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and analysis of a sample of tissue (biopsy), usually from the lungs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus that causes a variety of clinical syndromes. (bmj.com)
  • Surgical advances, in conjunction with more effective immunosuppressive strategies, have propelled the field of lung transplantation forward and have made intermediate-term survival an achievable goal. (ersjournals.com)
  • Initial attempts to perform lung transplantation (LTx) were marred by technical limitations that often resulted in early postoperative death. (ersjournals.com)
  • A 64-year-old male underwent bilateral lung transplantation at an outside hospital in 2011 for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with pulmonary hypertension. (hindawi.com)
  • Over the last few decades, lung transplantation has become an accepted modality of treatment for many end-stage lung diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, a comprehensive understanding of lung transplantation-related pathology is necessary for both tertiary care pathologists dealing with highly specialized lung transplantation teams and a much larger spectrum of healthcare providers who may be involved in the care of lung transplant recipients or candidates for lung transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) monitors and reports statistics on clinical lung transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • The cut surface shows the characteristic findings of the disease for which lung transplantation was indicated. (medscape.com)
  • Summary Over the last 25 years, lung transplantation has developed into a well-established treatment option for selected patients with very advanced lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • In 2010, over a 12-month period, more than 3500 new lung transplant procedures were reported to the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Registry [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Furthermore, a meticulous approach to post-transplant management in the immediate post-operative period, in the early and long-term has contributed to continually improving long-term survival after lung transplantation. (ersjournals.com)
  • To outline recent advances made in improving the success of lung transplantation as a therapy for very advanced lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • To discuss where the major developments in lung transplantation may come over the next 5-10 years. (ersjournals.com)
  • Lung transplantation should be viewed as a potential treatment option for highly selected patients with very advanced chronic lung disease who continue to progress despite maximal medical therapy. (ersjournals.com)
  • Lung Transplantation is by no means a cure and should be thought of as another modality of treatment. (ersjournals.com)
  • Life after lung transplantation necessitates use of a large number of medications on a daily basis, frequent hospital visits and the risk of a large list of potential adverse effects due to use of powerful immunosuppression. (ersjournals.com)
  • Lung transplantation should generally be considered when a patient's risk of mortality from their lung disease is greater than 50% within the next 2 years. (ersjournals.com)
  • However, in patients who are severely immunocompromised, Aspergillus may hematogenously disseminate beyond the lungs. (medscape.com)
  • Lung biopsies in patients with long-term exposure usually reveal chronic interstitial inflammation and poorly formed nonnecrotizing granulomas. (medscape.com)
  • In the lung, this recognition is aided by surfactant which also serves to maintain the balance between inflammation and pulmonary function, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. (nih.gov)
  • She was then awarded an MRC Clinician Scientist Fellowship to develop inducible, lung-targeted models of lung inflammation. (rbht.nhs.uk)
  • The group is focused on understanding the role of innate and adaptive immunity in allergic and infectious inflammation in the lung. (rbht.nhs.uk)
  • Prof. Boyton works on the molecular immunology of infectious, allergic and autoimmune inflammation through patient based studies and TCR, HLA class II, lung targeted, inducible (Cre/Lox) and reporter transgenic models. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Here, we mechanistically investigated pulmonary inflammation and lung function decline after inhalation co-exposure and individual exposures to ozone (O(3)) and ultrafine carbon black (CB). (cdc.gov)
  • Tobacco worker's lung usually involves inhalation of an antigen , particularly organic ones. (medscape.com)
  • Although exposure to Aspergillus conidia through inhalation is common, only a minority of those exposed will develop lung disease. (bmj.com)
  • Environmentally/occupationally relevant lung deposition levels in mice were achieved after inhalation of stable aerosols with similar aerodynamic and mass median distributions. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, we found that pulmonary inflammatory responses to resting Aspergillus conidia were initiated by these PRRs in acidified phagolysosomes, following the uptake of fungal particles by leukocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Hence, Hogg and colleagues, who also first used the term "small airway disease" [ 7 ], described the distal airways as the "silent zone" of the airway tree as extensive disease can be present without symptoms or changes in conventional lung function tests [ 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Infection rates among lung transplant recipients appear to be higher than those encountered in other solid organ transplant populations, likely related to the unique exposure of the lung allograft to the external environment and to the greater magnitude of immunosuppression employed 1 , 2 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The main treatment strategy consists of removal of exposure to tobacco dust and molds, and the main aim of corticosteroid therapy is to reduce morbidity and prevent complications-namely, the development of pulmonary fibrosis and permanent lung dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmocide's opelconazole is a potent novel azole therapy specifically designed for inhaled use to maximize the amount of drug in the lung while providing minimal systemic exposure. (globenewswire.com)
  • We provided evidence of interactive outcomes after air pollution constituent co-exposure and identified a key mechanistic pathway that can potentially explain epidemiological observation of lung function decline after an acute peak of air pollution. (cdc.gov)
  • Tobacco worker's lung (TWL) is one disease in the group of parenchymal lung diseases categorized as hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis . (medscape.com)
  • This fungus commonly invades the lungs and sinuses and can worsen asthma. (lymphomainfo.net)
  • Should lung biopsies be performed in patients with severe asthma? (ersjournals.com)
  • However, subsequent physiological, imaging and pathological studies demonstrated that the small airways and even the lung parenchyma could be important contributors to the functional impairment seen in certain severe asthma patients, as some reports suggest asthma severity increases in proportion to the involvement of this compartment [ 5 , 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • By finely balancing the protective effects of immunosuppression against lung allograft rejection with the significant toxic effects of these therapies, excellent long-term survival can be achieved. (ersjournals.com)
  • While offering a vital therapeutic option for patients with advanced lung disease, LTx remains fraught with complications that threaten both the quality and duration of the recipient's life. (ersjournals.com)
  • After bringing in an infectionous disease specialist, it has been decided the leisons are more than likely from the fungus infection and not the lung cancer. (lungevity.org)
  • The clinical presentation of Aspergillus lung disease is determined by the interaction between fungus and host. (bmj.com)
  • Changes in the classification of Aspergillus allergic lung disease have been proposed recently. (bmj.com)
  • Drugs used to manage connective tissue disease (CTD) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (CTD-ILD) include nintedanib, corticosteroids, and antineoplastic agents. (medscape.com)
  • Nintedanib is indicated to slow the rate of decline in pulmonary function in patients who have interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with scleroderma. (medscape.com)
  • Dr Boyton is head of the Lung Immunology Group in the section of infectious disease and immunity, department of medicine, Imperial College London. (rbht.nhs.uk)
  • Prof. Rosemary Boyton is Head of Lung Immunology, Adult Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Previous reports of invasive disease caused by Chaetomium and some applications of immunohistochemical staining for Aspergillus are discussed. (bmj.com)
  • The pathological understanding is further complicated by the influences of disease severity, the complexities of the lung itself and the associated heterogeneity of pathological changes throughout the bronchial tree. (ersjournals.com)
  • What does lung transplant offer patients with advanced lung disease? (ersjournals.com)
  • Identifying those patients with end-stage lung disease who might benefit from lung transplant and referring them promptly for specialist assessment is very important. (ersjournals.com)
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was originally described in 1713 as an occupational lung disease in grain workers and later, in 1932, in farmers inhaling moldy hay contam- inated with thermophilic actinomyces, hence the term farmer's lung.1 With this recog- nition, modernization of farming methods has resulted in the reduction in farmer's lung prevalence estimated at 0.5% to 3% of exposed farmers in studies spanning from 1980 to 2003. (cdc.gov)
  • 12 Historically, feather bloom and droppings from pigeons or indoor pet birds have been implicated in triggering pigeon breeder's lung or bird fancier's disease. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been documented that smokers incur a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of invasive pneumococcal lung disease, a disease associated with high mortality. (who.int)
  • Aspergillus is a natural mold found in most American households. (e-architect.com)
  • Aspergillus -- a common mold found both indoors and outdoors. (cnn.com)
  • One such fungus is Aspergillus -- a common mold found both indoors and outdoors. (cnn.com)
  • This article will review the major medical complications, excluding allograft rejection, which may be encountered in the lung transplant recipient. (ersjournals.com)
  • Progressive lung complications from overlapping Aspergillus niger infection resulted in death on day 33. (ajmc.com)
  • A patient with relapsed refractory acute myeloid leukaemia developed typical fungal lung lesions despite intravenous amphotericin B prophylaxis. (bmj.com)
  • Nikolousis E, Velangi M. Two cases of aspergillus endocarditis in non neutropenic children on chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. (medscape.com)
  • Here, a chest x-ray shows that the fungus has invaded the lung tissue. (mountsinai.org)
  • A chip developed by Jena researchers enables live microscopic observation of damage to lung tissue. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • Still other microbes penetrate deep into people's airways and react with lung tissue. (jstor.org)
  • This may damage the airways and result in permanent lung damage. (aaaai.org)
  • Both transbronchial and video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsies are done to obtain adequate specimens for histopathologic examination. (medscape.com)
  • Lung biopsies can target the large and small airways as well as the lung parenchyma. (ersjournals.com)
  • Infection is an ever-present threat to the well-being of the lung transplant recipient and is a leading cause of both early and late mortality. (ersjournals.com)
  • A quick intraoperative gross examination of the lung allograft may reveal previously unrecognized lesions, the nature of which could be addressed with frozen section analysis. (medscape.com)
  • The lesion was removed, and microscopic examination of the specimen revealed an inflammatory process with numerous dichotomized fungal structures (compatible with Aspergillus sp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tobacco worker's lung can affect workers exposed to tobacco leaves and molds in the humidified environment of the tobacco production industry. (medscape.com)